阿左旗荒漠灌木林天敌昆虫种类及其分布

自2010年3月至2013年3月,对内蒙古阿拉善盟左旗荒漠灌木林天敌进行了调查,采用线路调查和标准地调查相结合的方法进行了标本采集。共鉴定出天敌8目14科58种,其中美妙细颚姬蜂(Enicospilus amoenus)和单斑细颚姬蜂(Enicospilus enicospilus)为内蒙古新纪录种。     

樟子松球果象甲天敌曲姬蜂生物学及生态学特性的研究

文章通过实验室和室外观察调查,准确的描述了曲姬蜂成虫、卵、幼虫及蛹的形态特征,对曲姬蜂的生物学特性作出了细致的观察和描述,同时经过我国著名的昆虫学家何俊华教授的鉴定,确定了三种主要的天敌曲姬蜂密点曲姬蜂Scambus(Scambus)punctatus Wang et Yue,1995、细蚀结姬蜂Exestuberis gracilis Wang et Yue,1995、具瘤爱姬蜂Exerister roborator(Fabricius,1793)。在深入观察研究曲姬蜂生物学特性的基础上,对曲姬蜂的生态学特性进行了细致的研究,明确了天敌曲姬蜂与寄主樟子松球果象甲的发生发展规律,为指导应用曲姬蜂生物防治樟子松球果象甲奠定了基础。     

中国北方地区寄生林木蛀虫的姬蜂种类名录

报道了已发现的中国北方地区寄生林木蛀虫的天敌姬蜂种类，共64种，其中8种为中国新记录：白缘曲爪姬蜂Eugalta albimarginalis(Uchida)，锈衣姬蜂Ischnoceros rusticus(Fourcroy) ,北海道衣姬蜂Is-chnoceros sapporensis Uchida，曲齿姬蜂Odontocolon geniculatum(Kriechbaumer)，针齿姬蜂Odontocolon spinipes(Gravenhorst)，裂爪姬蜂Podoschistus alpensis(Uchida)，线牧姬蜂Poemenia hectica(Gravenhorst)，陶芦苇姬蜂Thrybius togashi Kusigemati。报道了它们的寄主。     

辽宁的角姬蜂属种类(膜翅目:姬蜂科)及一中国新记录

文章报道了分布于辽宁的角姬蜂属的种类.共2种:黑角姬蜂(Cosmoconus nigriventris Kasparyan,1971)(中国新记录)、沈阳角姬蜂(Cosmoconus shenyangensis Fan et Sheng,1997).对中国新记录种进行了形态描述.编制了角姬蜂属中国已知种检索表.     

海城发现兜姬蜂属(膜翅目:姬蜂科)中国一新纪录种

文章报道了在辽宁海城发现的姬蜂科、兜姬蜂属种类,其中中国新纪录1种:马兜姬蜂Dolichomitus matsumurai(Uchida,1928)。介绍了兜姬蜂属种类的世界分布,对兜姬蜂属的主要鉴别特征及马兜姬蜂的形态特征进行了重新记述。     

樟子松小卷蛾的一种新天敌──宽背曲姬蜂：膜翅目：姬蜂科,瘤姬蜂亚科

宽背曲姬蜂[Scambus(Scambus)latustergus]是曲姬蜂属Scambus Hartig的一个新种,是寄生樟子松梢小卷蛾幼虫的一种新天敌。本新种与短角曲姬蜂[Scambus(S-cambus)brevicornis Grav.]和球象曲姬蜂[Scambus(Scambus)sudeticus Grow.]对樟子松梢小卷蛾幼虫的寄生率达44.4％,占整个幼虫期天敌的90％以上,因此这三种姬蜂在生物防治上很有应用价值。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

江西发现姬蜂科(膜翅目)一新记录属二新纪录种

报道了在江西省首次发现的姬蜂科Ichneumonidae 1新纪录属:污翅姬蜂属Spilopteron Townes,1960及1中国新纪录种:淘污翅姬蜂S.tosaense(Uchida,1934)和1江西新纪录种:褐斑污翅姬蜂S.fuscomaculatum Wang,1988。介绍了污翅姬蜂属全世界已知的种类及其分布。     

伊藤厚丝叶蜂寄生天敌研究

报道寄生伊藤厚丝叶蜂Pachynematus itoi Okutani的寄生性天敌10种：毛瘤角蜂Pleolophus setiferae(Uahida,1936)（中国新记录），短翅田猎蜂Agrothereutes abbreviatus(Fabricius)，辽宁恩姬蜂Endasys liaoningensis Wang et Ma,大田猎姬蜂Agrothereutes macroincubitor(Uchida)，毛面泥甲姬蜂Bathythrix eilifacialis Sheng,狭颊刻姬蜂Arenetra Genangusta Sheng et Zhang，克禄格翠金小蜂Tritneptis klugii(Ratzeburg,1844)（中国新记录），暗尖胸青蜂Cleptes semiauratus(L.)，布朗撵寄绳Myxexoristops blondeli(Robineau-Desvoidy)，球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana，简要说明了它们的其它主要寄主及分布，对毛瘤角姬蜂和短翅田猎姬蜂进行了重新描述，指出了短翅田猎姬蜂的变异性，对寄生天敌的利用作了简要评价。     

中国广西首次发现齿黄脸姬蜂

在广西壮族自治区上思县十万大山国家级自然保护区发现姬蜂科(Ichneumonidae)中国新记录种——齿黄脸姬蜂(Chorinaeus pectinatus Kusigemati, 1967)。介绍黄脸姬蜂属(Chorinaeus Holmgren, 1856)的主要鉴别特征,详细描述雌蜂特点。标本保存于国家林业和草原局森林和草原病虫害防治总站。     

中国的副姬蜂属(膜翅目:姬蜂科)及三新记录种

报道我国副姬蜂属(Alloplasta Foerster）的种类，其中3个中国新记录：趾副姬蜂（A.plantaria Gravenhorst），长柄副姬蜂（A.longipetiolaris Uchida），被毛副姬蜂（A.tomentosa Gravenhorst)。对新记录种进行了重新描述。编制了中国已知种检索表。     

竹醋液烟熏气化学成分的研究

采用固相微萃取(SPME)吸附采集竹醋液烟熏气的成分,用气相色谱—质谱联用分析鉴定,并用GC/MS总离子流色谱峰的峰面积进行归一化定量分析竹醋液烟熏气成分,鉴定出愈创木酚11.36%、苯酚10.6%、4-乙基苯酚8.23%、2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚7.08%、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚6.6%、2-乙基苯酚5.65%、糠醛5.51%、5-甲基糖醛1.47%、乙酸1.42%、3-甲基-1-戊烯-3-醇1.42%、2,3-二甲基甲苯1.35%、2-糠酸甲酯1.35%、苯甲酸甲酯1.11%、2-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮1.44%、2,3-二甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮1.31%、2-环戊烯-1-酮1.02%等74种化合物。竹醋液烟熏气的所有成分是竹醋液化学成分的特征性组成部分。     

毛花柱忍冬花蕾化学成分研究

对毛花柱忍冬花蕾进行化学成分研究,从中分离鉴定了10个化合物:绿原酸(Ⅰ)、5-O-咖啡酰基-奎宁酸丁酯(Ⅱ)、5-O-咖啡酰基-奎宁酸甲酯(Ⅲ)、槲皮素(Ⅳ)、木犀草苷(Ⅴ)、芦丁(Ⅵ)、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(Ⅶ)、秦皮乙素(Ⅷ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅸ)和胡萝卜苷(Ⅹ)。其中化合物Ⅶ为首次从该属植物中分离,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ均为首次从该植物中分离。     

大花栀子果实的化学成分研究

对茜草科植物大花栀子果实进行化学成分研究,分离得到8个化合物.经理化数据对照和波谱分析,鉴定化合物的结构为:(4R) - 4 - 羟基 - 2,6,6 - 三甲基 - 1 - 环己烯 - 1 - 甲酸(1)、西红花酸(2)、西红花苷 - 4(3)、西红花苷 - 3(4)、西红花苷 - 2(5)、西红花苷 - 1(6)、京尼平苷(7)和京尼平 -1 - β - D - 龙胆二糖苷(8).经检索,其中化合物2 ～ 6为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

酸枣根的化学成分研究

用各种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱解析鉴定其化学结构,从而研究酸枣根中的化学成分。结果表明从酸枣分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为羽扇豆醇(Ⅰ),白桦酯酸(Ⅱ),美洲茶酸(Ⅲ),异美洲茶酸(Ⅳ),豆甾醇(Ⅴ),豆甾醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ),蛇婆子碱(Ⅶ)。其中化合物Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ为首次从该植物中得到。     

青梅叶化学成分研究

采用正相硅胶柱、反相硅胶柱、凝胶柱等柱色谱及高效液相色谱等方法对青梅叶的化学成分进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质和核磁共振等方法鉴定化合物的结构。从青梅叶75%乙醇提取物中分离了13个化合物,分别鉴定为岩白菜素(1),1,3,4/2,5-环己五醇(2),3-(1-C-β-葡萄糖)-2,6-二羟基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸(3),木栓酮(4),木栓醇(5),羽扇豆醇(6),4-叔丁基苯甲醚(7),对甲氧基苯甲酸(8),邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(9),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(10),熊果酸(11),β-谷甾醇(12),β-胡萝卜苷(13)。化合物2～9均为首次从青梅属植物中分离得到,化合物1为青梅中具有保肝护肝的主要活性成分之一。     

Susceptibility of the spider Theridion impressum to 17 pesticides

Susceptibility of immature individuals of the spider Theridion impressum to 17 pesticides (6 insecticides, 4 acaricides, 4 fungicides and 3 herbicides) was tested in the laboratory. The pesticides were applied at recommended rates in a Potter tower. Mortality was evaluated for 4 subsequent days. Broad-spectrum insecticides, cypermethrin+chlorpyrofos (Nurelle), α-cypermethrin (Vaztak), and deltamethrin (Decis), were toxic to spiders. Selective insecticides, pirimicarb (Pirimor), Bacillus thuringiensis (Novodor), and triazamate (Aztec), were harmless. All tested acaricides, pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic), flufenoxuron (Cascade), τ-fluvalinate+thiometon (Mavrik), and bifenthrin (Talstar) showed high toxicity. Of the fungicides, dithianon (Delan), benomyl (Fundazol), iprodione (Rovral), and dodine (Syllit), only dithianon was slightly harmful, while the remaining fungicides were harmful. All herbicides, metazachlor (Butisan), clomazone (Command), and clopyralid (Lontrel), were harmless to T. impressum. Three selective insecticides, 3 fungicides and 3 herbicides are recommended for use in plant protection.     

Determination of elements removal in different harvesting scenarios of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands

Increasing demand for renewable energy and limiting CO₂ emissions have stimulated much interest in wood-based biofuels. Unfortunately, expanding the utilization of forest biomass may cause nutrient depletion in forested environments. This study investigates the element content from various parts of the tree. Comparisons were made between different harvesting scenarios and their impact on the amount of nutrients removed from the forest environment. The harvesting scenarios were: stem-only harvesting (SOH), branch and stem harvesting (BSH), and two variants of whole-tree harvesting (WTH). The elements taken into account were: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), sulphur (S), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb). To make the results comparable, the same amount of removed biomass was taken into calculation. The differences between harvesting scenarios were significant. The amounts of removed elements formed similar pattern: the lowest level was found in SOH, average in BSH, and highest in both variants of WTH. This confirms that the application of WTH is connected with increased risk of nutrient depletion, even when the volume of harvest would be equal to other variants.     

海南岛种子植物分布新记录

报道了海南岛1个新记录属黄花蔺属(Limnocharis)和9个新记录种,新记录种分别是桃叶猩猩草(Euphorbia hetero-phyll)、(荨)麻叶假马鞭(Stachytarpheta urticaefolia)、皱籽白花菜(Cleome rutidosperma)、穗序木蓝(Indigofera spicata)、紫花大翼豆(Macroptilium atropurpureus)、大翼豆(Macroptilium lathyroides)、小花宽叶十万错(Asystasia gangetica(L.)T.Anderson subsp.micrantha)、黄花蔺(Limnocharis flava)、巴拉草(Brachiaria mutica)。标本存放于海南大学儋州校区植物标本馆(SCUTA)。     

宁波苦丁有效成分提取方法的比较及其抗氧化活性的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SDE)、乙醇法(EE)、超声波法(UWE)、微波法(MAE)和超临界CO2萃取法(SCDE)提取宁波苦丁有效成分,得率分别为:0.048%、0.011%、0.631%、0.522%和0.935%,毛细管GC-MS法分别鉴定出10、9、12、9和20种成分,体外抗氧化活性测试均显示了抗氧化结果,活性强度依次为:超临界CO2萃取法＞超声波法＞水蒸气蒸馏法＞乙醇法＞微波法.     

Components of the essential oils of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Azadirachta siamensis Velton, and Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs and their comparison

The components of the essential oils from seeds of Azadirachta indica, Azadirachta siamensis, and Azadi-rachta excelsa were studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components of A. indica oil were hexadecanoic acid (34.0%), oleic acid (15.7%), 5,6-dihydro-2,4,6-triethyl-(4H)-1,3,5-dithiazine (11.7%), methyl oleate (3.8%), and eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (2.7%). The major components of A. siamensis oil were hexadecanoic acid (52.2%), tricosane (10.5%), tetradecanoic acid (6.8%), oleic acid (4.9%), and pentacosane (4.9%). Azadirachta excelsa oil contained oleic acid (31.3%), hexadecanoic acid (14.2%), octadecanoic acid (13.0%), 4-octylphenol (9.7%), and O-methyloximedecanal (6.8%) as the main constituents. The essential oils from A. indica, A. siamensis, and A. excelsa were found to contain fatty acids (52.6%–72.3%) as major components. The minor components of the oils were n-alkanes, aromatics, esters, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, and terpenoids. Differences in oil composition were observed between the three species.