水貂阿留申病毒结构蛋白与非结构蛋白的研究进展

水貂阿留申病毒(Aleutian mink disease virus,ADV)是一种主要侵染水貂的自主复制型细小病毒,是一种在水貂中广泛存在的重要病原体。病毒粒子的蛋白分为结构蛋白(VP1、VP2)和非结构蛋白(NS1、NS2)两类。VP1蛋白对病毒粒子产生感染性有重要作用;VP2蛋白是主要免疫功能区,能刺激机体产生中和抗体;NS1和NS2主要参与病毒的复制和基因的表达调节。文中对近年来国内外学者关于水貂阿留申病毒结构蛋白和非结构蛋白的研究情况进行归纳和总结。     

水貂阿留申病病毒CIEP抗原结合蛋白初探

以水貂阿留申病病毒对流免疫电泳(CIEP)细胞抗原为材料,经酶印迹(Westemblotting)测定,水貂阿留申病病毒CIEI细胞抗原与多克隆阳性血清反应,分子量为60000,50000和25000,而与CIEP阴性的抗水貂阿留申病病毒的单克隆抗体(Y—2—9)反应,分子量为60000,50000.因此初步确定水貂阿留申病病毒CIEP细胞抗原决定族位于分子25000蛋白上.     

水貂阿留申病病毒分子生物学研究进展

水貂阿留申病病毒是一种在水貂中广泛存在的重要病原体.该病毒属阿留申病毒属,主要编码4种蛋白(结构蛋白VP1、VP2和非结构蛋白NS1、NS2).VP1蛋白在协助病毒产生感染性方面起着重要作用;VP2蛋白是该病毒的主要免疫原性抗原,能体外中和病毒;NS1和NS2对病毒在宿主细胞中的复制起重要的调节作用.该病毒的分子生物学诊断技术主要有核酸杂交技术、PCR和基因芯片检测技术.     

水貂阿留申病的诊治

水貂阿留申病是由阿留申病病毒引起的一种传染病.该病毒属细小病毒科,在水貂中主要引发两种不同类型的疾病.成年水貂感染病毒后,表现出典型的水貂阿留申病,以体内产生高水平的血清丙种球蛋白,浆细胞增多,持续性病毒血症及由免疫复合物沉积引发的严重肾小球肾炎并伴有动脉炎、肝炎、卵巢炎或睾丸炎等主要症状.     

水貂阿留申细小病毒的致病机制、鉴定及防治方法

<正>水貂阿留申细小病毒(Aleutian mink disease parvo virus,AMDV)是感染水貂的自主复制型细小病毒,是引起水貂阿留申病的病原。AMDV感染水貂后会产生抗体依赖的病毒感染增强作用(Antibody-dependent enhancement,ADE),还没有效果较好的疫苗进行防控。本文主要     

水貂阿留申病灭活疫苗免疫效果观察

为评价水貂阿留申病灭活疫苗的免疫效果 ,对接种疫苗水貂及阿留申病阴性、阳性水貂的死亡、空怀、流产、产仔、产仔成活数进行了比较 ,结果证实 ,水貂阿留申病灭活疫苗对水貂具有较好的免疫保护作用。     

水貂阿留申病发病机理的研究进展

水貂阿留申病是由阿留申病病毒引起的一种可对水貂养殖业造成严重损失的传染病。该病困扰动物医学界多年 ,始终未得到攻克。近年来随着分子生物学技术的发展 ,国内外学者对该病分子水平的发病机理有了更多的认识 ,研究内容主要集中在与水貂阿留申病发病密切相关的抗病毒抗体、病毒核酸的晚启动子P3 6及其顺式作用元件(cis acting)、结构蛋白VP2等方面。文章对以上研究进展进行了详细的归纳总结与分析 ,并在此基础上提出了尝试使用反义RNA或干扰RNA对该病进行预防、治疗的设想 ,以期今后对阿留申病的继续深入研究能有所帮助。     

水貂阿留申病的防制经验

<正> 水貂阿留申病能造成公貂性机能不全,无精子,利用率降低:母貂空怀,流产,死胎,产弱仔,感染子代,使产仔率、成活率大大降低.另外,阿留申病毒还能引起免疫抑制,影响其它疫苗的免疫形成,甚至会增强二次感染的敏感性.目前,对水貂阿留申病,一无疫苗预防,二无特异性药物治疗,必须采取综合性防制措施.一、消灭传染源(一)定期检疫,处杀阳性病貂:病貂和潜伏期带毒貂的病毒长期存在于病貂体内,每年10月份后结合综合选种、取皮,以碘凝集反应(简称IAT)或对流免疫电泳法(简称CIEP)诊断进行阿留申病检疫.     

水貂阿留申病的研究进展

水貂阿留申病(Aleutian disease of mink,ADM)是由水貂阿留申病细小病毒(Aleutian mink disease parvovirus,AD-MV)引起的一种慢性、进行性传染病,一直是危害世界养貂业健康发展最重要的疫病之一。到目前为止,还没有疫苗可成功用于ADM的预防,也没有特异有效的治疗方法,唯一可行的防治方法就是通过多次特异性检疫,淘汰病貂,净化貂群。笔者对阿留申病的病原学、发病机制、防治措施等方面进行概述,为临床防治水貂阿留申病提供了理论基础。     

水貂阿留申病PPA-ELISA诊断方法的研究

用感染水貂阿留申病病毒G株(ADV-G)的猫肾传代细胞(CRFK)建立了检测水貂阿留申病病毒抗体的PPA-ELISA法。该方法敏感性高于CIEP 16倍,具有快速,准确的优点,可用于病原定位,是水貂阿留申病检疫和研究较为理想的方法.     

Molecular epidemiology of Aleutian mink disease virus in Finland

Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is a parvovirus that causes an immune complex-mediated disease in minks. To gain a more detailed view of the molecular epidemiology of mink AMDV in Finland, we phylogenetically analysed 14 new Finnish strains from 5 farms and all 40 strains with corresponding sequences available in GenBank. A part of the major non-structural (NS1) protein gene was amplified and analysed phylogenetically. A rooted nucleotide tree was constructed using the maximum parsimony method. The strains described in this study showed 86-100% nucleotide identity and were nearly identical on each farm. The ratio of synonymous to non-synonymous substitutions was approximately 2.7, indicating a mild purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that AMDV strains form three groups (I-III), all of which contained Finnish strains. The tree inferred that the three lineages of AMDV have been introduced to Finland independently. The analysis suggested that AMDV strains do not cluster into genotypes based on geographical origin, year of isolation or pathogenicity. Based on these data, the molecular clock is not applicable to AMDV, and within this gene area no recombination was detected.     

水貂阿留申病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

根据水貂阿留申病毒（Aleutian mink disease virus,AMDV）基因序列（GenBank登录号：NC_001662.1）设计1对特异性引物,通过对荧光定量PCR反应条件的优化,建立了检测AMDV的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR方法,该方法的灵敏度达10拷贝/μL,≥10²拷贝/μL具有良好的特异性和重复性。同时利用该方法对8份疑似AMDV血清进行检测,结果6份阳性,阳性率为75%。本研究为水貂阿留申病的鉴别诊断及净群根除奠定了技术基础。     

Diversity and stability of Aleutian mink disease virus during bottleneck transitions resulting from eradication in domestic mink in Denmark

Aleutian mink disease (plasmacytosis) virus (AMDV) in domestic mink (Neovison vison) has been subject to eradication in Denmark since 1976. In 2001, approximately 5% of Danish mink farms were still infected and all were located in the northern part of the peninsula of Jutland. In the present study a total of 274 Danish isolates of AMDV collected during the two seasons of 2004 and 2005 were characterized by partial sequencing of the coding region of the non-structural (NS) proteins. Older AMDV isolates from Denmark, available, were also included. The Danish isolates represent a very homogenous cluster compared with Swedish, Finnish and Dutch isolates and seem to represent a minor fraction of the genetic diversity previously found in Denmark. Stability of nucleotide deviations reveals that the purifying selection of bottlenecks imposed on the AMDV population in Denmark by the stamping out policy for more than 6 years exceeds the rate of mutation driven diversity. Among the isolates from farms in northern Jutland two distinct types could be identified and within each of them a number of sub-types which were all useful in tracking spread of infections. Infection at a farm the preceding season was a predisposing risk parameter for disease outbreak at a farm, and strain identity substantiates the suggestion that inadequate disinfection is involved in the recurrence of outbreaks. In cases of new introductions to farms it is indicated that contact including transport between farms played a most significant role.     

水貂阿留申病诊断抗原研究概述

近年来,随着水貂养殖行业的不断发展,一些疫病也成为了制约水貂养殖业发展的重要因素。水貂阿留申病作为毛皮动物的三大疫病之一(阿留申病、犬瘟热、病毒性肠炎),是导致母貂产仔率下降、公貂配种能力降低和毛皮质量下降的一种高度接触性传染病。至今为止,还没有商品化的疫苗来控制该病的传播及蔓延。控制水貂阿留申病最好的方法是通过检测淘汰所有抗体为阳性的水貂,进而达到净化貂群的目的。而在抗体检测过程中,诊断抗原的制备和纯化决定着检测方法的敏感性、特异性和准确性。论文对目前阿留申病毒细胞抗原及基因工程抗原研究进展做一综述,为今后该病病原检测工作提供参考。     

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for Aleutian disease tests and their correlations with pelt quality,reproductive performance,packed-cell volume,and harvest length in mink

Aleutian disease (AD), caused by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), is a major health concern that results in global economic losses to the mink industry. The unsatisfactory outcome of the culling strategy, immunoprophylaxis, and medical treatment in controlling AD have urged mink farmers to select AD resilient mink based on several detection tests, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), and iodine agglutination test (IAT). However, the genetic analysis of these AD tests and their correlations with pelt quality, reproductive performance, packed-cell volume (PCV), and harvest length (HL) have not been investigated. In this study, data on 5,824 mink were used to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of four AD tests, including two systems of ELISA, CIEP, and IAT, and their genetic and phenotypic correlations with two pelt quality, five female reproductive performance, PCV, and HL traits. Significances (P < 0.05) of fixed effects (sex, year, dam age, and color type), covariates (age at harvest and blood sampling), and random effects (additive genetic, permanent environmental, and maternal effects) were determined under univariate models using ASReml 4.1 software. The genetic and phenotypic parameters for all traits were estimated under bivariate models using ASReml 4.1 software. Estimated heritabilities (±SE) were 0.39 ± 0.06, 0.61 ± 0.07, 0.11 ± 0.07, and 0.26 ± 0.05 for AMDV antigen-based ELISA (ELISA-G), AMDV capsid protein-based ELISA, CIEP, and IAT, respectively. The ELISA-G also showed a moderate repeatability (0.58 ± 0.04) and had significant negative genetic correlations (±SE) with reproductive performance traits (from −0.41 ± 0.16 to −0.49 ± 0.12), PCV (−0.53 ± 0.09), and HL (−0.45 ± 0.16). These results indicated that ELISA-G had the potential to be applied as an indicator trait for genetic selection of AD resilient mink in AD endemic ranches and therefore help mink farmers to reduce the adverse effects caused by AD.     

水貂阿留申病毒的分子生物学研究进展

从水貂阿留申病毒(ADV)基因组特点出发,就阿留申病毒的分子生物学研究进展作以简单综述。     

A survey of Aleutian mink disease virus infection of feral American mink in Nova Scotia

Spleen samples from 14 mink that were trapped in 4 counties of Nova Scotia were tested for the presence of the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) by polymerase chain reaction. Viral DNA was not detected in samples from Kings County (n = 2), but was detected in all the mink sampled from Colchester (n = 2) and Halifax (n = 6) counties, and 3 of 4 mink from Yarmouth County. The high level of AMDV-infected mink in Colchester and Halifax counties may pose a serious threat to the captive mink and wild animal populations. Because treatment of infected free-ranging mink is not an option, AMDV control strategies for the captive mink should be primarily focused on bio-security to protect clean ranches.