臭氧技术在畜牧兽医领域应用研究进展

臭氧作为一种强氧化剂,具有广谱、高效、快速、安全的杀毒灭菌作用和特有的除臭、清洁空气的功效,已广泛应用于工农业、医疗卫生的各个领域。本文对臭氧技术及其在畜牧兽医领域的空气消毒、物品消毒、饮水消毒、饲料处理、污水和有害气体净化处理、种蛋消毒、     

纳米科技在畜牧兽医领域中的研究与应用

纳米科技是一门新兴技术，该文介绍了纳米材料的定义，综述了纳米科技在畜牧兽医领域（包括饲料加工业、遗传育种、兽药、疫苗、畜禽产品质量）中的研究与应用前景。     

畜禽养殖污染防治途径分析

在畜牧养殖产业发展的背景下,环境污染的防治问题一直都是社会所关注的焦点。由于空气环境受到畜禽废弃物的污染,使空气指标容易出现下降现象,不利于农户畜禽养殖。笔者以广西南宁市水产畜牧兽医技术推广站为例,通过探析畜禽养殖污染存在的问题,简要阐述改善解决畜禽养殖污染的措施。     

如何规范建立养殖档案

1 建立养殖档案的法律依据 《畜牧法》第三十条规定：国务院畜牧兽医行政主管部门应当制定畜禽标识和养殖档案管理办法,采取措施落实畜禽产品质量责任追究制度。第四十一条规定：畜禽养殖场应当建立养殖档案,载明以下内容：畜禽品种、数量、繁殖记录、标识情况、来源和进出场日期;饲料、饲料添加剂、兽药等投入品的来源、名称、使用对象、时间和数量;检疫、免疫、消毒情况;畜禽发病、死亡和无害化处理情况及国务院畜牧兽医行政主管部门规定的其他内容。第六十六条规定：违反本法第四十一条规定,畜禽养殖场未建立养殖档案的,或者未按照规定保存养殖档案的,由县级以上人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门责令限期改正,可以处一万以下罚款。     

浅谈畜牧兽医服务事故发生原因、预防和处理

畜牧兽医服务事故是畜牧兽医技术服务工作中,因畜牧兽医技术人员的过失或其他原因造成畜禽发病、伤残、死亡或扑杀.     

农业部副部长高鸿宾亲临受灾现场指导养殖户生产

5月23日,国务院抗震救灾指挥部前线指挥部成员、农业部副部长高鸿宾在四川省畜牧食品局局长杨昌明的陪同下,分别到安县黄土镇红岩村养鸡场无害化处理现场、大正养殖有限责任公司、绵阳市畜牧局、江油西屏乡蒲军獭兔养殖场、华异獭兔养殖场无害化处理现场、江油市畜牧兽医局、江油市新生乡兽医站,检查重灾区死亡畜禽无害化处理和环境消毒工作,看望受灾市、县、乡畜牧兽医干部,指导受灾养殖户抓紧恢复生产.     

“十三五”国家重点研发计划中的畜牧兽医科技布局与评述

科技资源的布局和配置对于畜牧兽医领域科技创新和产业发展具有重要支撑作用。"十三五"科技计划改革组建了全新的国家重点研发计划,设置"畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖综合技术研发"等国家重点研发专项对畜牧兽医领域科技创新进行支持,在动物疫病防控、高效安全养殖、养殖环境处理、养殖装备等方面进行了布局,按照基础研究、重点关键技术研发、集成示范进行"全链条设计、一体化实施"。本文以该专项为主,介绍并分析"十三五"国家重点研发计划畜牧兽医类项目实施背景和立项情况,对我国畜牧兽医领域的科技布局进行阐述并提出评述与展望。     

对村级动物防疫员职业化的思考

按《辽宁省人民政府关于推进市县动物卫生管理体制改革的实施意见》(辽政发[2005]46号)的规定,村级动物防疫员承担动物强制免疫、动物疫情报告、畜禽饲养情况统计、动物产地检疫、有关法规政策宣贯、防疫消毒、死亡畜禽无害化处理、畜牧兽医技术推广和日常巡查等诸多职责,任务重、责任大.     

’96全国中西兽医结合新技术普及推广会将在洛阳隆重召开

为扩大和促进兽医界教学、科研、生产及推广部门之间的科技交流与合作,普及推广中西兽医新技术新产品,经中国科协批准,’96全国中西兽医结合新技术普及推广会将于8月下旬在洛阳召开,会议由中国畜牧兽医学会中兽医学分会、中国畜牧兽医学会禽病学分会、全国农业新技术产品传插网、河南省畜牧兽医学会联合主办.会议主题为面向市场的中西兽医结合新技术新产品,包括畜禽诊疗技术与器械、畜禽用药品等.会议欢迎各大专院校、科研单位的技术开     

“十三五”国家重点研发计划中的畜牧兽医科技布局与评述

科技资源的布局和配置对于畜牧兽医领域科技创新和产业发展具有重要支撑作用。“十三五”科技计划改革组建了全新的国家重点研发计划,设置“畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖综合技术研发”等国家重点研发专项对畜牧兽医领域科技创新进行支持,在动物疫病防控、高效安全养殖、养殖环境处理、养殖装备等方面进行了布局,按照基础研究、重点关键技术研发、集成示范进行“全链条设计、一体化实施”。本文以该专项为主,介绍并分析“十三五”国家重点研发计划畜牧兽医类项目实施背景和立项情况,对我国畜牧兽医领域的科技布局进行阐述并提出评述与展望。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。