蓖麻蚕不同组织器官中胰蛋白酶抑制剂的种类与分析

胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)是鳞翅目昆虫体内广泛存在的一种蛋白酶抑制剂,主要功能是抑制胰蛋白酶的降解。采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性染色,对18个蓖麻蚕品种5龄第5天的血液及其它组织中TI种类的分布进行了调查。经碱性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,在血液中共检测到8种TIs,分别命名为ETI-1~ETI-8,品种间存在多态性分布;在头和脂肪体中分别检测到1种TI;在体壁中检测到3种TIs。经酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,在血液中共检测到4种TIs,分别命名为ETI-b1、ETI-b2、ETI-b3和ETI-b4,品种间种类分布无差异;在血液中检测到的TI包含了在头、脂肪体和体壁中检测到的TI种类。     

家蚕血液中胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂研究--品种间的多态型

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂（CI）活性染色，对9个家蚕品种血液中CI种类的分布进行了调整。结果：在碱性电泳条件下可检测出12种以上的CI，品种间CI分布存在多态型，根据结果筛选出作为分离纯化家蚕胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂的理想品种材料。     

应用盘状聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术观察家蚕与蓖麻蚕血液蛋白的电泳图谱

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,观察了四个家蚕品种和一个蓖麻蚕品种的5龄中期的血液蛋白的电泳图谱,在家蚕中可出现17—18个带,蓖麻蚕中可观察到22个带。 材料与方法 一、材料: 家蚕:东肥、华合原种及其杂交种东肥×华合、华合×东肥。     

家蚕不同品种与个体的血液胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂差异研究

胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂 (Chymotrypsininhibitor,CI)是家蚕血液中主要的蛋白酶抑制因子 ,为其正常生长发育所不可缺少 ,研究CI对阐明家蚕正常生理以及害虫防治等都具有重要意义。采用pH 8 3、4 0聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和CI活性染色法 ,对 6个家蚕品种血液中的蛋白质含量和CI活性进行了测定 ,并对各品种CI活性的个体差异性进行了分析。结果表明 :结合pH 8 3和pH 4 0的电泳条件 ,可检测出Ict D ,Ict E ,Ict A ,Ict B ,Ict H基因所支配的 15种CI;6个品种中有 3个具有CI个体差异性 ,而且Ict E和Ict B在有的品种或个体无活性 ,为非必需种类     

柞蚕、(天蚕×柞蚕)F_1、蓖麻蚕蛹期血液及脂肪体酯酶同工酶凝胶电泳分离

本文报道了柞蚕、(天蚕×柞蚕)F_1、蓖麻蚕蛹期血液及脂肪体酯酶同工酶的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的不连续电泳图谱并试图探讨这些同工酶和蚕体内生理生化过程的某些关联,提出同工酶活性高低和蚕体内能量代谢有关的推测,试验结果表明:柞蚕血液及脂肪体的酯酶同工酶酶带较多,且颜色较深,而蓖麻蚕的较少,且颜色很浅、(天蚕×柞蚕)F_1介于二者之间。雌雄比较:血液酯酶同工酶活性全部雌强于雄、脂肪体酯酶同工酶活性全部雄强于雌,唯(天×柞)F_1例外。同一类蚕的不同个体,不同发育时期,不同器官,不同性别之间均存在差别。     

不同家蚕品系的胰蛋白酶抑制剂种类与活性的多态性分析

胰蛋白酶抑制剂(trypsin inhibitor,TI)广泛存在于昆虫体内,可抑制胰蛋白酶的水解活性。采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和蛋白酶活性染色的方法,研究不同家蚕品系的丝腺、同一品系家蚕的不同组织器官及不同发育时期丝腺中胰蛋白酶抑制剂种类和活性的多态性,以丰富家蚕丝蛋白的合成、分泌及保护机制研究的基础信息。在22个家蚕品系上蔟第2天的蚕体丝腺中,共检测到6种胰蛋白酶抑制剂,分别命名为TI-Ⅰ~TI-Ⅵ,其中大部分家蚕品系都有TI-Ⅵ,有TI-Ⅳ的品系也较多,而有TI-Ⅱ的品系最少,家蚕不同品系间TI的种类分布不一致;在幼虫5龄期,TI活性随着丝腺的发育逐渐增强;在家蚕品系大造上蔟第1天蚕体的7个组织器官中,只在血液、精巢和丝腺中检测到TI,其中血液和丝腺中各检测到2种TI,精巢中检测到1种TI,而且同一家蚕品系含有TI的组织器官中的TI种类也不一致。对茧丝中3种TI(TI-Ⅲ、TI-Ⅳ和TI-Ⅵ)的理化性质进行检测,发现不同种类TI对温度及p H的适应范围不同,其中TI-Ⅵ的适应范围较广。研究结果显示:不同家蚕品系丝腺中含有的TI种类以及6种TI活性的强弱表现出多态性;同一家蚕品系不同组织器官中的TI种类也具有多态性;温度和p H对不同TI的活性影响程度不同。     

奶牛乳中早孕因子分子性质的研究

采用玫瑰花环抑制实验测定早孕因子(EPF)活性,以SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测其肽图,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳测其等电点。结果表明:从孕牛乳中分离出EPF活性样物质,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳见2条蛋白带,其相对分子质量为21.0 ku、67.0 ku,等电点为6.8。     

不同SDS电泳法对家蚕低分子Kunitz型抑制剂分子量鉴定的影响

采用15％SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和tricine—SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分剐对家蚕血液中低分子Kunitz型胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂CI-13的分子量进行了检测，SDS—PAGE结果为12．5kDa，而tricine SDS-PAGE结果为7．3kDa。另根据CI-13的氨基酸组成，算出分子量为7，113Da，这表明tricine SDS—PAGE的结果与氨基酸组成测定值接近，是适用于家蚕低分子Kunitz型抑制剂分子量鉴定的电泳方法。     

中国黄牛血液蛋白多态性与其遗传关系

本研究采用淀粉凝胶电泳法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对我国7个黄牛品种的四个多态蛋白位点进行了检测,得出了Hb,Pa,Tf和Alp在各品种中的表现型频率和基因频率。通过标准遗传距离,进行了模糊聚类分析。本文选取λ=0.98为界,将7个黄牛品种按血液蛋白基因位点关系的远近分成四类:秦川牛、晋南牛和南阳牛为一类,郏县红牛和鲁西牛为一类,复州牛和延边牛各自成一类。     

23个蓖麻蚕品种不同发育时期蚕体的营养品质评价

蓖麻蚕是一种体型较大的泌丝昆虫,可全年人工饲养,除生产绢纺原料外,还是很好的昆虫食品资源。在对23个蓖麻蚕品种5龄幼虫、蛹、蛾的主要营养组分含量进行测定的基础上,采用因子分析法对其营养品质进行综合评价,筛选适合食用开发的专用蓖麻蚕品种。对23个蓖麻蚕品种蚕体营养品质进行因子分析的结果表明,影响蓖麻蚕5龄幼虫、蛹、蛾营养品质的主要指标为蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量、维生素含量、微量元素含量、氨基酸含量。23个蓖麻蚕品种基于5龄幼虫营养品质的综合得分,排列前3位的品种是桂B、广白黄、B2,这3个品种可作为蓖麻蚕幼虫食用开发的专用品种;基于蚕蛹营养品质的综合得分,排列前3位的品种是南一、红蚕、广白黄,这3个品种可作为蓖麻蚕蛹食用开发的专用品种;基于雌蛾和雄蛾营养品质综合得分,排列前3位的品种分别是花白、B2、白友,681、南一、小花白,可分别作为蓖麻蚕雌蛾、雄蛾食用开发的专用品种。上述可作为蓖麻蚕食用开发的品种,其主要营养成分的含量显著高于其他蓖麻蚕品种。     

Effect of pH, temperature and media on acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in "clinical" and "nonclinical" isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica.

Twenty-two isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica were studied to determine the effects of pH, incubation temperature and type of media on peak acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. The pH optimum for alkaline phosphatase activity was 9.0 for all of the isolates tested. The pH optimum for acid phosphatase activity was 5.8 for 67% of the isolates and 4.8 for 33%. All of the isolates showed peak phosphatase activity at 37 degrees C. No preference was shown in 35% of the isolates between the types of media tested; however, 40% preferred tryptose broth, 20% preferred nutrient broth and 5% preferred brain-heart infusion broth. No relationship was shown between phosphatase activity and the mouse lethality of the isolates.     

酸与碱处理对海带多糖提取及其抗氧化活性的影响

本试验采用柠檬酸提取法和碱提取法从海带中提取多糖组分,以总抗氧化能力和羟自由基（·OH）为衡量抗氧化活性指标,比较这两种提取方法得到海带粗多糖产率和抗氧化活性。试验结果表明：柠檬酸提取法和碱提取法的提取率分别为15.92%和6.05%,所提取的海带粗多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性,且柠檬酸提取法抗氧化活性更高。 [关键词] 柠檬酸提取法|碱提取法|海带多糖|抗氧化活性     

Effect of otic medications containing glucocorticoids on liver function test results in healthy dogs

Otic medications containing triamcinolone or dexamethasone were administered twice daily for 21 days to 2 groups of 4 healthy dogs each. Serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase activities, and serum bile acid and lipoprotein-X concentrations were assayed for 35 days. Increased serum activities for gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase were detected by day 7 and peaked at day 21. Increases were greater in dogs given the dexamethasone-containing medication. Enzyme activity returned to baseline by day 35. Serum aspartate transaminase activity and bile acid and lipoprotein-X concentrations did not increase.     

Studies on kinetic properties of non-specific phosphomonoesterases in the sheep nematode, Bunostomum trigonocephalum Rudolphi, 1808

The maximum activity (Vmax) of acid phosphomonoesterase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) at pH 5.5 and 37 degrees C was found to be 2.68 +/- 0.25 and 3.85 +/- 0.24 mu moles phenol mg protein-1 min-1 in male and female Bunostomum trigonocephalum, respectively. The Vmax of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (E.C.3.1.3.1) at pH 10.0 and 37 degrees C was 0.75 +/- 0.04 and 1.15 +/- 0.05 mu moles phenol mg protein-1 min-1 in male and female B. trigonocephalum, respectively. The Michaelis constant (Km) values were 10.25 mM and 11.76 mM for acid and 8.69 mM and 9.09 mM for alkaline phosphomonoesterase in male and female worms, respectively. Enzymal activities were optimum at 7.0 and 9.0% enzyme concentrations, at incubation periods of 60 and 20 min and at temperatures of 50 and 45 degrees C for acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases, respectively. Dialysis in distilled water decreased the activity of both enzymes, while only acid phosphomonoesterase activity increased in citrate buffer (pH 5.5) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity in carbonate buffer (pH 10.0).     

盐碱胁迫对草地早熟禾生长和生理代谢的影响

以两个耐盐碱性差异较大的草地早熟禾品种‘午夜'(Midnight,耐盐碱性强)和‘旅行者Ⅱ号'(Voyager Ⅱ,耐盐碱性弱)为试验材料,分析了在生长箱水培模拟中性盐和碱性盐两种条件下,盐碱胁迫对早熟禾生长、电导率、叶绿素、光合特性、脯氨酸和有机酸代谢的影响。结果表明,盐碱胁迫下早熟禾两个品种的生长率下降,叶片电导率升高,叶绿素含量和光合作用显著下降,尤其是在碱胁迫下,但在耐性强的品种中变化程度均小于耐性弱的品种;两个品种叶片脯氨酸含量主要在盐胁迫下升高,碱胁迫下无显著变化甚至下降;根系分泌的有机酸主要为草酸,且仅在碱胁迫下升高;盐碱胁迫下草酸在叶片和根系中的含量均呈下降趋势,尤其是根系在碱胁迫下;叶片和根系的苹果酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸在盐胁迫下无显著变化,在碱胁迫下则显著升高,其中‘午夜'显著高于‘旅行者Ⅱ号'。由此可见,碱性盐比中性盐对草地早熟禾的伤害更大,中性盐胁迫下主要以积累脯氨酸等物质来调节渗透压,而在碱性盐胁迫下主要通过加强有机酸的代谢、积累和分泌来调节植株体内和根际环境的pH值;耐盐碱的品种在盐碱胁迫下能维持较高的光合作用和有机酸代谢,提高了植株内和根际环境pH的调节能力,因此具有较强的耐盐碱能力。     

Results of histochemical and biochemical studies of uterus of gilts during the estrous cycle]

Alkaline phosphatase activity as well as lipid, polysaccharide, glycogen, and acid mucopolysaccharide levels in the uteri of 79 gilts were histochemically tested during the first three sexual cycles. Intra-cyclic alkaline phosphatase activity exhibited clearly pronounced variations in the surface epithelium, with maximum values reached in metoestrus, and moderate variations in the endometrial stroma, with maximum values reached in dioestrus. Cycle-dependent variations were recordable also from the glycogen and lipid levels in the surface and glandular epithelia and from the acid mucopolysaccharide levels in the endometrial stroma. The activity of alkaline phosphatase as well as the levels of glycogen and acid mucopolysaccharides during the first cycle still were lower than those in the second and third. Biochemical examinations of the endometrium revealed significant cycle-dependent variations in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, and succinate-dehydrogenase as well as in the concentrations of soluble protein and glycogen, with maximum values being recordable on the tenth day of cycle. No significant intracyclic variations were recordable from the activities of acid phosphatase as well as of aspartate alanine-amino transferase.     

轮作豆科牧草对连作马铃薯田土壤微生物菌群及酶活性的影响

本试验研究了轮作不同种类豆科牧草对连作马铃薯田土壤微生物菌群、数量分布及酶活性的影响。结果表明,通过轮作箭筈豌豆、天蓝苜蓿和陇东苜蓿3种豆科牧草,对连作马铃薯田土壤可培养细菌和真菌数量分布,微生物活性,土壤脲酶活性,碱性磷酸酶活性及过氧化氢酶活性均有明显的促进作用,与种植牧草前相比,轮作牧草后土壤中真菌/细菌最高可降低50.72%,说明真菌数量下降,通过轮作不同连作年限马铃薯田土壤微生物菌群从真菌型向细菌型转化;与种植牧草前相比好气型固氮菌数量最高增加283.69%;脲酶活性最高增加6.4倍;碱性磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性均显著提高。但是对连作土壤的改良作用高低还与豆科牧草种类及土壤连作年限有关,不同连作年限的土壤对不同种类的豆科牧草表现出不同的敏感性。     

Plasma biochemistry of ostrich (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Struthio camelus</Emphasis>): effects of anticoagulants and comparison with serum

The effects of various types of anticoagulants on plasma biochemistry were studied in man and various animals, but limited information is existing for ostrich plasma biochemistry. Ten clinically healthy ostrich were blood sampled in different tubes containing each anticoagulant and plain tube for harvesting plasma and serum. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured. The concentrations of glucose, uric acid, total protein, and calcium were significantly lower in citrated plasma than that of serum. For dilution corrected citrated plasma significant differences were only seen for the concentration of uric acid. Most parameters did not show any differences, but significant increase were seen for glucose, total protein, albumin, and phosphorus concentrations when heparin was used as an anticoagulant.     

Activity and properties of alkaline phosphatase in the plasma and various organs (kidney, liver, small intestine mucosa, bone) of the swine]

There was a high activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood plasma of piglets during the first few days of live; enzyme obtained at this time had high heat stability and was readily inhibited by L-phenylalanine (5 mM). The enzyme in blood was inhibited to a greater extent than alkaline phosphatase from intestinal mucosa. With increasing age there was a fall in heat stability and in the ease with that the enzyme could be inhibited by phenylalanine. The proportion of alkaline phosphatase derived from bone and present in blood plasma increased with increasing age. Two isoenzymes were detected in liver, kidney, lung, intestinal mucosa and endometrial mucosa by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Heat lability and inhibition by phenylalanine were good criteria for differentiating different types of alkaline phosphatase in pigs. In the case of alkaline phosphatase in blood plasma, disodium phenylphosphate was split more readily than p-nitrophenyl phosphate and very much more readily than phenolphthalein diphosphate and beta-glycerophosphate.