HPLC-MSMS测定白鲜皮中酮的含量

建立一种快速、准确测定白鲜皮中梣酮含量的HPLC-MSMS分析方法。测定方法为:液相色谱条件为XDB-C18柱,流动相为甲醇—水,m(甲醇)∶m(水)=65∶35,流量为0.3mL/min。质谱条件为Fragmento电压100V,定量离子m/z215,碰撞能量4V;定性离子m/z187,碰撞能量10V。结果表明,质量浓度为0.0084~0.840mg/L,相关性R2=0.99999,回收率92.8%~100.0%;定性检出浓度(S/N=3)0.002mg/L;定量检出浓度(S/N=10)0.007mg/L。该方法准确可靠,适用于白鲜皮中梣酮的定量分析。     

马铃薯不同品种块茎再生体系的建立和优化

为建立最佳的马铃薯块茎再生体系,本研究分别以‘夏坡蒂’、‘费乌瑞它’以及‘克新1号’的试管薯和大田薯为试验材料,采用控制变量法对马铃薯块茎再生体系进行筛选,以获得其培养基最佳激素浓度配比,并对不同来源马铃薯块茎不定芽分化率进行对比。结果表明,‘夏坡蒂’、‘费乌瑞它’和‘克新1号’愈伤组织的最佳诱导培养基组合分别为MS+1 mg/L IAA+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L GA3+1 mg/L ZT、MS+1 mg/L IAA+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L GA3+2 mg/L ZT和MS+1 mg/L IAA+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA3+2 mg/L ZT。‘夏坡蒂’与‘费乌瑞它’的不定芽最佳分化培养基组合为MS+1 mg/L IAA+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA3+2 mg/L ZT;‘克新1号’的最佳分化培养基组合为MS+1 mg/L IAA+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L GA3+2 mg/L ZT。试管薯的块茎不定芽分化率显著高于大田薯。     

赤霉素对白刺花幼苗生长发育的影响

实验采用不同浓度(0,0.05 mg/L,0.1 mg/L,0.2 mg/L,0.4 mg/L,0.6 mg/L,0.8 mg/L,1.0 mg/L)的赤霉素(GA)对白刺花(Sophra davidii)幼苗进行处理,以探讨GA对白刺花(Sophra davidii)幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的GA均可促进白刺花根长的伸长,以0.6 mg/L GA处理12 d主根最长;随着GA处理浓度的增加,茎长的呈现先升高后降低的趋势,0.05 mg/L的GA处理12 d茎长最长;0.05 mg/L的GA处理12 d侧根数目的增多更为显著;随着GA浓度的升高,真叶数目也不断增加,以0.6 mg/L GA处理12 d真叶数目最多。研究还发现:随着GA浓度的升高,短期处理(3 d)叶绿素a、b含量以及POD活性在0.2 mg/L GA时最高,电导率在0.4 mg/L GA时最高;中期处理(6 d)CAT、POD活性在0.6 mg/L GA时最高;长期处理12 d;叶绿素a、b含量在0.4 mg/L时最高,电导率在0.6 mg/L GA时最高。     

外源赤霉酸对杂交水稻亲本种子萌发的生理影响

外源赤霉酸GA3对杂交水稻亲本金23 B和V20B种子进行处理,其生理变化结果表明,外源GA3在浓度为50～110 mg/L时,随着浓度增加,可明显促进2个水稻品种亲本种子的萌发,当外源GA3浓度为110 mg/L时,提高了萌发种子中可溶性糖的含量,α-淀粉酶的活性,降低了种子内源IAA和ABA的含量,增加了内源GA3含量.     

ALA与GA3对夏枯草种子发芽特性的影响

目的:探讨植物生长调节剂5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)与赤霉素(GA3)对夏枯草种子萌发特性的影响.方法:21℃黑暗条件下,采用不同浓度GA3、ALA以及GA3与ALA混合剂对夏枯草种子进行处理,测定其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及活力指数.结果:100 mg/L ALA,100 mg/L与500 mg/L GA3,10 mg/LALA与100、500 mg/L GA3混合剂可显著提高夏枯草种子发芽率和种子活力,且发芽时间出现不同程度提前.结论:适量浓度ALA,GA3及两者混合剂可提高夏枯草种子活力,促进种子萌发.     

外源激素对低温胁迫下脱毒马铃薯扦插苗早衰的影响

设置不同浓度的6-BA和GA3处理低温胁迫下脱毒马铃薯扦插苗叶片,研究两种激素对其生理指标、光合性能及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,0.1mg/L 6-BA处理低温胁迫的脱毒马铃薯扦插苗后可促进叶片生长,提高叶片叶绿素和淀粉含量,降低叶片可溶性糖和丙二醛(MDA)含量,而且净光合速率(Pn)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和PSⅡ实际光量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)显著提高,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著降低;2个浓度的GA3处理显著降低低温胁迫扦插苗叶绿素含量、叶片淀粉含量和MDA含量,Pn、qP和ΦPSⅡ显著提高,NPQ和Ci显著降低。当GA3浓度提高到20mg/L后导致叶面积减小;当6-BA处理浓度提高至0.5mg/L后出现了显著的副作用,叶片淀粉含量升高,Gs、蒸腾速率(Tr)、Pn、Fv/Fm、qP和ΦPSⅡ都显著下降,NPQ和Ci显著升高,表现出明显的叶片老化症状。从隶属函数来看,0.1mg/L的6-BA对提高扦插苗抗寒性效果最佳。     

2种化学药剂处理对老化桑种子发芽力及种子活力的影响

以自然老化桑种子为材料,用2种不同浓度的化学试剂:赤霉素( GA3)、抗坏血酸(ASA)浸种处理,对桑种子的发芽力、α-淀粉酶活力以及幼叶中可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量进行了分析.结果表明,2种试剂对桑种子萌发均有一定的促进作用,而且不同试剂对种子萌发的影响与使用的浓度密切相关.ASA处理以500 mg/L效果最好,GA3处理以50 mg/L效果最好.其中500 mg/L ASA处理种子发芽率、发芽指数、α-淀粉酶活力、桑幼叶中可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量比对照分别提高了13.87％、16.18％、55.68％、17.20％和30.53％;50 mg/L GA3处理分别比对照提高了4.63％、14.72％、28.41％、12.45％和12.98％;丙二醛含量500 mg/L ASA处理和50mg/L GA3处理分别比对照下降了56.32％和37.62％.500 mg/L ASA处理下,除α-淀粉酶活力外,其余指标各处理间差异均达显著或极显著水平;50 mg/L GA3处理则表现为除发芽率和可溶性蛋白含量外,其余指标各处理间均达到显著或极显著水平.综合分析可知,500 mg/L ASA的处理效果比50 mg/L GA3好.     

马铃薯品种Favorita再生体系的优化

以马铃薯品种Favorita脱毒试管苗的叶片与茎段为外植体,在愈伤诱导培养基上培养不同时间,然后转入到添加了不同浓度6-BA与ZTR组合的芽诱导培养基上,观察其对马铃薯愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的影响。结果表明:茎段与叶片在愈伤培养基(MS+1 mg/L IAA+0.2 mg/L GA3+0.5 mg/L 6-BA)上分别培养2 d、4 d、6 d后,再转入添加不同浓度6-BA和ZTR的芽诱培养基上,均可以100%产生愈伤组织;50 d后调查,诱导2 d的叶片组织转入添加1 mg/L IAA、0.2 mg/L GA3、2 mg/L 6-BA和1 mg/L ZTR的MS诱导培养基,再生率100%,诱导6 d的叶片组织转入添加1 mg/L IAA、0.2 mg/L GA3、0.5 mg/L 6-BA和2 mg/L ZTR,分化率100%;诱导2 d的茎段组织转入添加1 mg/L IAA、0.2 mg/L GA3、3 mg/L 6-BA和1 mg/L ZTR,分化率50%。     

洋红风铃木育苗的种子处理优化及苗期生长规律

探讨不同的种子处理对洋红风铃木出苗率和幼苗生长的影响,并分析各因素之间的作用机制。将洋红风铃木种子分别以用不同的GA₃和IBA浓度浸泡12 h (GA₃浓度分别设置为100,200,300,400,500 mg/L等5个浓度;IBA浓度分别设置为50,100,150,200,250 mg/L等5个浓度),处理后的种子点播在5种育苗基质中,其中1#基质为红土;2#基质为红土∶沙土=1∶1 (V∶V);3#基质为红土∶沙土=2∶1 (V∶V);4#基质为红土腐殖酸有机肥=1∶1 (V∶V);5#基质为红土∶腐殖酸有机肥∶沙土=1∶1∶1 (V∶V∶V),通过在单因素预试验,利用响应面法确定植物生长调节剂种类、浓度以及育苗基质的最佳配比。优化试验的结果显示,最适合洋红风铃木出苗的种子处理如下：GA₃=300 mg/L,IBA=50 mg/L,育苗基质为5#。而后期有利于苗木生长的激素浓度为GA₃500 mg/L;IBA 150 mg/L,育苗基质为3#或者5#。本研究利用响应面法筛选出了洋红风铃木合适的植...     

HPLC测定樱桃咯菌腈的残留量研究

采用高效液相色谱法,研究了樱桃咯菌腈的残留量。建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定樱桃咯菌腈残留量的检测方法,樱桃样品用乙腈超声提取,采用C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈∶水溶液(75∶25,V∶V)为流动相,于波长240 nm处检测。结果表明,200 mg/kg咯菌腈处理樱桃后吸干果面水分可使咯菌腈残留量由1.997 mg/kg降至0.161 mg/kg;200 mg/kg咯菌腈浸泡处理60 s后果实咯菌腈残留量为4.276 mg/kg;不同浓度的咯菌腈溶液处理樱桃其残留量均在0.16 mg/kg左右;樱桃经咯菌腈浸泡后再用水冲洗果实,其咯菌腈残留量降至0.0031 mg/kg。所有处理的果实咯菌腈残留量均未超过国外果蔬关于咯菌腈最大残留量的标准。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.