化学杀雄剂SQ-1诱导春小麦雄性不育的效果和对农艺性状的影响

为了明确化学杀雄剂SQ-1对春小麦雄性不育的诱导效果,以8个春小麦品种为材料,在小麦植株主茎旗叶抽出倒二叶一半时,喷施4.0kg/hm² SQ-1,所有供试品种相对雄性不育率和人工饱和率都在95%以上,这表明化学杀雄剂SQ-1具有广谱性且对雌蕊无影响。但喷施SQ-1后,春小麦的株高明显降低,抽穗推迟并且穗长缩短。     

化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导小麦雄性不育及与不同小麦品种互作效应的研究

以10个小麦品种和化学杂交剂SQ-1为材料,研究了SQ-1的杀雄效果及其不同基因型小麦对SQ-1的反应的遗传差异。结果表明,在参试品种主茎旗叶抽出倒2叶一半,幼穗长为2.5～4.0cm,穗分化期为药隔期喷施4.0kg/hm2的SQ-1,诱导雄性不育率达到了99.93%以上,并经方差分析,材料间无显著差异。说明化学杂交剂SQ-1与参试小麦不同基因型品种不存在明显的互作效应。     

杀雄剂SQ-1诱导谷子雄性不育研究

选取3个不同的谷子品种, 以杀雄剂SQ-1为雄性不育诱导剂, 采用3种不同杀雄剂浓度, 在3个不同发育时期对谷子喷施处理, 以喷水为对照。杀雄剂SQ-1在适宜喷施剂量与时期下, 供试品种五九爪软谷和香谷能被诱导产生95%~100%的雄性不育率, 对黄金谷杀雄效果尚未达到90%。五九爪软谷和香谷的喷药适宜时期分别为七叶期和八叶期, 喷施剂量同为4~5 kg hm^–2, 以5 kg hm^–2的杀雄效果最佳。     

化学杂交剂S0-1诱导小麦雄性不育及与不同小麦品种互作效应的研究

以10个小麦品种和化学杂交剂SQ-1为材料，研究了SQ-1的杀雄效果及其不同基因型小麦对SQ-1的反应的遗传差异。结果表明，在参试品种主茎旗叶抽出倒2叶一半，幼穗长为2．5—4．0cm，穗分化期为药隔期喷施4．0kg／hm^2的SQ-1，诱导雄性不育率达到了99．93％以上，并经方差分析，材料间无显著差异。说明化学杂交剂SQ-1与参试小麦不同基因型品种不存在明显的互作效应。     

GAPDH基因表达与小麦生理型雄性不育花药败育的关系

为分析三磷酸-甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因与小麦(Triticum aestivum)生理型雄性不育花药败育的关系,本研究以新型小麦化学杀雄剂SQ-1作为诱导剂,普通小麦西农1376为材料,构建了西农1376不育和可育等生理系;采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术分析了不育和可育等生理系不同发育时期花药中GAPDH基因的表达模式.结果表明,该基因在正常小麦花粉发育的单核期、二核期和三核期,表达丰度比较一致,没有明显变化,但在化学杀雄剂SQ-1诱导的生理型雄性不育花药中,不同发育期表达量存在显著差异,单核期表达最弱,二核期最高.与同期正常花药相比,GAPDH基因在生理型雄性不育花药三个发育期均呈下调表达,其中在大量花粉粒败育的单核期,表达量下调最显著,其次为三核期和二核期,证明化学杀雄剂SQ-1对GAPDH基因的表达具有明显抑制作用.因此,化学杀雄剂SQ-1诱导小麦生理型雄性不育形成过程中,可能与GAPDH基因表达减少导致细胞中能量供给不足有一定关系.     

F型小麦雄性不育系和SQ-1诱导的不育植株花粉形态电镜扫描观察

利用电镜扫描技术,对F型小麦雄性不育系和化学杀雄剂（SQ-1）诱导的不育植株花粉粒形态结构进行观察,比较花粉粒大小、形状及萌发孔孔盖等特征。结果表明,正常发育、SQ-1诱导和F型不育系三者之间花粉粒极轴长度差异均达到极显著水平。SQ-1诱导和F型不育系花粉粒均为典型的不规则败育形状,萌发孔孔盖均有不同程度凹陷,同时发现萌发孔孔盖脱落现象。     

化学杂交剂SQ-1对小麦旗叶叶绿素A、B和总叶绿素含量的影响

通过使用化学杂交剂SQ-1来诱导小麦雄性不育,是当今小麦杂交育种界普遍使用的方法。本文以西农1376为研究对象,通过测定喷施化学杂交剂SQ-1后的小麦旗叶叶绿素A、B及其总量的变化,探讨两者之间的关系,探究化学杂交剂SQ-1的雄性不育机理是否与叶片有关。结果表明,经过SQ-1处理的植株叶绿素含量均低于对照植株,而处理植株之间随着SQ-1浓度的增加,叶绿素含量逐渐降低,说明化学杂交剂SQ-1对小麦旗叶确实存在一定的影响,随着剂量的增加,破坏细胞膜的程度也相应加大,对小麦叶片的伤害程度也增加。     

Sc2053化学杀雄剂对小麦杀雄效果的测定

Ｓc2053化学杀雄剂对小麦杀雄效果的测定赵振海,李志勇(河北省保定地区农科所,保定,071000)为鉴定Ｓc2053的杀雄效果,本文通过对不同小麦品种,不同生育时期,用不同剂量进行杀雄试验,以确定Ｓc2053的最佳喷药时期和喷药剂量,为大田化学杀雄……     

化学杂交剂SQ-1诱导糜子雄性不育效果研究

采用裂区试验设计, 以喷药时期为主区, 喷药剂量为副区, 探讨了用SQ-1诱导产生的雄性不育率、杂交率及自然授粉结实率3项指标评价应用效果。结果表明, 喷药时期、喷药剂量及时期与剂量一级互作显著或极显著影响不育率和杂交率。在雌雄蕊原基分化期, 喷药剂量为4.0和5.0 kg hm^-2时诱导雄性不育率、杂交率都在95％以上; 花粉粒分化形成初期, 喷药剂量为5.0 kg hm^-2时诱导雄性不育率和杂交率都在95％以上。喷药时期对自然授粉结实率影响不显著, 剂量及时期与剂量一级互作影响显著, 自然授粉结实率随着剂量的增加呈降低趋势。SQ-1用于糜子的最佳时期为雌雄蕊原基分化期, 最适剂量4.0 kg hm^-2。     

化学杀雄剂SC2053诱导籼稻雄性不育的研究

研究了低毒高效的小麦化学杀雄剂SC2053在灿稻上的应用,分析了不同品种、不同施药时间和浓度的反应差异,测试了SC2053在稻株分蘖间的传导和对节间分生组织的损害,初步明确SC2053诱导灿稻雄性不育的效果和局限性。     

小麦雄性不育系中TaPDC-E1a及其调节酶基因的表达特征

为进一步研究杀雄剂SQ-1诱导小麦雄性不育的机制,采用电子克隆的方法分离TaPDC-E1a基因,并利用半定量RT-PCR技术分析该基因及其调节酶基因PDK和PDP的表达特性。结果表明,TaPDC-E1a基因编码388个氨基酸,具有TPP保守结构域,可能存在2个丝氨酸磷酸化位点;与可育系相比,TaPDC-E1a基因在生理型不育系和遗传型不育系中表达下调;PDK基因在生理型不育系中表达下调,而在遗传型不育系中表达上调;PDP基因在可育系及不育系中的表达趋势无明显变化。表明经杀雄剂SQ-1诱导形成的生理型不育系在败育过程中其能量代谢途径更容易受到影响,推测对PDK基因进行调节的上游信号机制在小麦生理型不育系与遗传型不育系中可能不一致。     

水稻不同胞质雄性不育恢复基因的探讨

以花培广亲和系TG11和H921及其亲本与4种不同胞质雄性不育系测交,方差分析结果表明,供试雄性不育系,恢复系及不肯系×恢复系互作方差均达极显著水平。4种胞质不育系的可恢性程度依次为CMS BT≈CMS-Di>CMS-DA>CMS-WA。比较了供试材料雄性不育恢复性的遗传特点。TG11对CMS-WA,CMS-DA,CMS-bo,CMS-Di均具恢复性,H921除对CMS-WA表现部分恢复性外,对其余3个不育基因均具有恢复性。广亲和亲本02428对CMS-WA和CMS-DA无恢复力,但对CMS-BT及CMS-DI具有部分恢复性,以Rf—l~f表示,而其余参试品系则具有恢复性以Rf—I~e表示。     

Identification of male sterility maintainer lines for Ogura radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

‘Ogura radish’, a cytoplasmic genetic male sterile line, was crossed with four local and three Japanese cultivars to identify maintainer lines. Out of seven F₁ families, one cross involving a local cultivar, Aushi, produced 100% male sterile (MS) progeny. The crosses involving the other two local cultivars, Tangail Local and Kuni, produced about 90% MS progeny, indicating the presence of maintainer gene(s) for male sterility. The fourth local cultivar, Tasaki, produced 100% male fertile (MF) progeny. All three exotic cultivars appeared to possess the chromosomal gene(s) for controlling the male sterility. In BC₁, BC₂ and BC₃ generations, segregation of MS plants were more frequent when ‘Aushi’ was used as recurrent parent. The expression of male sterility was not affected by seasonal influences. Thus the local cultivar ‘Aushi’ may be used as maintainer line for ‘Ogura radish’. To produce hybrid seed, ‘Tasaki’ can be used as pollinator line as it exhibit high heterosis with ‘Aushi’. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

温敏型雄性不育亚麻的研究

通过在自然条件下对亚麻雄性不育材料的特征特性和不育性表现的研究表明, 该不育材料农艺性状优良, 雄性不育特征明显. 温度对不育性有重要影响, 一定温度范围内, 高温能使育性提高, 结果率和结实率增加, 低温使育性下降, 结果率和结实率下降, 同时还发现不同材料对温度的敏感程度不同, 通过对杂交后代育性分离的分析, 表明几     

Impact of Humidity on Temperature-Induced Grain Sterility in Rice (Oryza sativa L)

High temperature‐induced grain sterility in rice is becoming a serious problem in tropical rice‐growing ecosystems. We studied the mechanism of high temperature‐induced grain sterility of different rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars at two relative humidity (RH) levels. Four varieties of Indica and Japonica rice were exposed to over 85 % RH and 60 % RH at 36/30 °C, 34/30 °C, 32/24 °C and 30/24 °C day/night air temperatures from late booting to maturity inside sunlit phytotrons. Increasing both air temperature and RH significantly increased spikelet sterility while high temperature‐induced sterility decreased significantly with decreasing RH. Neither Indica nor Japonica rice types were superior to the other in the response of their spikelets to increased air temperature and RH. Increased spikelet sterility was due to increased pollen grain sterility which reduced deposition of viable pollen grains on stigma. Reduction in sterility with decreased RH was more due to decreased spikelet temperature than to air temperature. Thus the impact of RH should be considered when interpreting the effect of high temperature on grain sterility. Spikelet fertility was curvilinearly related to spikelet temperature. Grain sterility increased when spikelet temperature increased over 30 °C while it became completely sterile at 36 °C. The ability of a variety to decrease its spikelet temperature with decreasing RH could be considered as avoidance while the variability in spikelet sterility among varieties at a given spikelet temperature could be considered as true tolerance.     

Gametocidal properties of RH-531, RH-532, RH-2956, and RH-4667 on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Summary Several chemicals were evaluated for their gametocidal properties to control pollination in hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) seed production. In a preliminary study, four chemicals were applied to three cultivars of spring wheat at two application times. RH-532 was the most effective of the four gametocides, reducing fertility to a 0 10% level for all three cultivars.In a second experiment, RH-532 was applied to one cytoplasmic male-sterile and three normal spring wheats at four rates (0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 kg/ha) and at two times of application. Alternate strips of pollinator were planted throughout the experiment. All treatments decreased fertility. plant height, and spike length of the three normal wheats. RH-532 did not inhibit spike emergence of two semidwarf cultivars or one of conventional height. Cultivars did not respond similarly to treatments.Yields of cross-pollinated seed were only 1 21% of the normal yield when fertility levels on treated plants reached 0 10%. Hybrid seed content of the harvested seed ranged from 2 55%. On the treated male-sterile line, yield was significantly reduced in comparison with the open-pollinated check. Inhibitory properties of this chemical suppressed the fertilization potential of the female as well as inducing male sterility.The differential response of genotypes to treatments indicates that cultivars should be screened for male and female sensitivity to this chemical. If differential sensitivity is found, breeding and selection to improve this trait may be possible. Different environmental conditions may alter the response of cultivars to this chemical, with less effect on the female structures.Published with the approval of the Director, North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, as journal article No 71a.