京都奶牛场蹄病研究报告

将患有蹄病的奶牛按病情严重程度分为三级,每级选12头,将36头牛随机分为4组,每组9头。第一组为对照组,第二组每头牛日粮中添加35%石粉18g,第三组每头牛日粮中添加硫酸锌1.2g,第四组每头牛日粮中同时添加35%石粉18g和硫酸锌1.2g。同样护理,每周对试验牛群进行修蹄或换药。经过一个月的治疗,第一组治愈1头、有效3头、无效5头;第二组治愈2头、有效6头、无效1头;第三组治愈3头、有效4头、无效2头;第四组治愈7头、有效2头、无效0头。经卡方检验,除第二、三组差异不显著外,其他各组之间差异显著。结果表明,在日粮中适量提高钙、锌含量,对奶牛蹄病有良好的预防和治疗作用。     

硫酸锌-薄荷喷雾对奶牛腐蹄病的疗效

<正>1材料与方法1.1制剂硫酸锌溶液:为10%ZnSO_4·7H_2O水溶液;硫酸锌-薄荷制剂:为含10%薄荷重蒸馏液的10%ZnSO_4·7H_2O水溶液。薄荷重蒸馏液每毫升相当于原生药1 g。1.2试验牛只及分组本试验于贵州省某奶牛场进行。选择患腐蹄病奶牛21头,按病情严重程度随机分为常规治疗组、硫酸锌溶液喷蹄组(以下简称硫酸锌组)和硫酸锌-薄荷制剂喷蹄组(以下简称硫酸锌-薄荷组),每组7头。     

畜禽营养液对奶牛产奶影响的试验

选择8头中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为两组，每组4头，试验组牛每日每头在日粮中添加40ml畜禽营养液，对照且牛不添加，只喂基础日粮。结果表明：试验组比对照组产奶量提高了1．20kg，每天每头增收2．4元。     

控制菜油含量对高产奶牛泌乳初期产奶量和乳脂中共轭亚油酸含量的影响

美国的Savoy等为了检测控制菜油的供应对高产奶牛泌乳初期产奶量和乳脂中共轭亚油酸含量的影响,选用12头泌乳初期的荷斯坦奶牛进行了研究。试验分为4组,每组3头奶牛,采用一个三重的4×4拉丁方设计。在每个时期,每组奶牛都饲喂相同的基础日粮,并分别添加如下饲料:①对照组(不添加菜油);②添加500g棉籽油;③添加500g大豆油;④添加500g玉米油。每个处理时期持续3周,前2周为日粮的适应期。试验表明,菜油的补充使产奶量增加,其中以第2组最高(每头牛为35.0kg/d),对照组为每头牛34.4kg/d,而第2组的乳脂却降低,但对乳蛋白产量、乳蛋白率、乳脂产量…     

酵母培养物对奶牛产奶量的影响

产前选择体质量相似的36头头胎牛,体质量和产奶量分别相似的18头2胎牛,体质量和产奶量分别相似的18头3胎牛;随机将36头头胎牛分为对照组和试验组,每组18头牛;18头2胎牛和18头3胎牛分为对照组和试验组,每组2胎和3胎牛各9头.试验从分娩开始至泌乳期160 d结束,试验期间基础日粮相同,试验组奶牛每天每头饲喂20 g酵母培养物,以研究酵母培养物对不同胎次奶牛产奶量的影响.研究表明,整个试验期头胎牛试验组较对照组每天平均产奶量提高0.4 kg,多胎牛(2胎和3胎)试验组较对照组每天平均产奶量提高1 kg.结果表明,酵母培养物可提高奶牛产奶量.     

姜石药用几例

1治疗奶牛不孕症(1)营养不良性不孕。多见于育成牛,尤以个体户饲养的奶牛表现突出。养牛户只重视泌乳牛的饲养管理,而忽视对育成牛的培育,导致奶牛已到配种年龄而不发情,或者发情不明显。直肠检查卵巢两侧萎缩,无滤泡发育,黄体囊肿,卵巢硬化。试用姜石粉100g混入日粮中喂服,连服10d为一个疗程,结果10头奶牛8头怀孕,其中4头为一次输精受胎。(2)卵巢静止和萎缩不孕症。多见于经产牛,表现为产后数月不发情,偶有发情表现,但其症状不明显。直肠检查卵巢硬化或萎缩。试用姜石粉50g,淫羊藿30g为1日量混入日粮中分2次喂服,连喂7g为1疗程,试治3例,怀…     

几种添加剂对奶牛产奶量、乳成分和乳体细胞数的影响

试验选取年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳时间、产奶量及生理状况相近的中国荷斯坦牛24头,随机分为4组,每组6头,试验期为40d,其中预试期10d,正试期30d。在管理条件相同的情况下,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在此基础上添加不同的添加剂,试验1组每头牛每天添加3g富兰宝,试验2组每头牛每天添加40g腐殖酸钠,试验3组每头牛每天添加80g植物提取物。结果表明:试验结束时各组的产奶量无显著差异,试验1组、3组产奶量较试验开始的降幅低于对照组;试验2组的乳脂率较其他各组有所提高,但差异不显著(P0.05),3个试验组的乳蛋白率均略低于对照组,差异不显著(P0.05);试验1组、2组乳体细胞数均较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。综合分析,富兰宝在减缓泌乳后期奶牛产奶量下降和降低乳体细胞数方面效果最佳。     

日粮结构与奶牛肢蹄病发生相关性探讨

在集约化饲养条件下 ,日粮营养在很大程度上影响着肢蹄病的发生。而这一点常常被基层奶牛场的技术、管理人员所忽视。为了探讨日粮营养与肢蹄病发生的相互关系 ,现将我场1999年 7～ 9月与 2 0 0 0年 7～ 9月的肢蹄病发生情况及同期的日粮结构与营养分析对比如下。1　因肢蹄病而淘汰、死亡的奶牛与日粮结构1999年 7～ 9月 ,我场因肢蹄病而淘汰、死亡的奶牛共 15头 ,其中包括蹄底溃疡 6头 ;关节炎 6头 ;蹄叶炎 3头。 2 0 0 0年同期 3个月 ,因肢蹄病而淘汰、死亡的奶牛有 5头。其中包括蹄底溃疡 3头 ;关节炎 1头 ;蹄叶炎 1头。　　　　　　　　…     

日粮中添加味精菌体蛋白对奶牛生产性能的影响

试验选用2～4胎次泌乳中期荷斯坦牛18头,随机分为3组,每组6头,试验1组和试验2组分别给每头奶牛添加5%和15%的味精菌体蛋白,对照组不添加味精菌体蛋白,以评定味精菌体蛋白对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明,夏季奶牛日粮中添加味精菌体蛋白替代日粮中部分蛋白质饲料,可促进奶牛粗饲料采食量的增加,减缓热应激造成的产奶量下降幅度,但对牛奶品质的影响不大。     

日粮中添加活性酵母菌对肉牛育肥后期生长性能、饲料消化率及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同浓度活性酵母菌对肉牛生长性能的影响。选取体重为（550±20）kg的西门塔尔育肥牛24头,随机分为4组,每组6头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组在饲喂基础日粮中分别添加5、10、15 g/（头·d）活性酵母菌。试验期100 d,预试期10 d,正试期90 d。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组的末重和干物质采食量均显著升高（P<0.05）,试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组平均日增重显著升高（P<0.05）,料重比显著降低（P<0.05）。(2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和磷的养分表观消化率显著升高（P<0.05）。试验Ⅲ组的粗蛋白的表观消化率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组及对照组（P<0.05）。(3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组每头牛每天多收入1.74元,试验Ⅱ组每头牛每天多收入16.51元,试验Ⅲ组每头牛每天多收入15.15元。综上所述,在日粮中添加10 g/（头·d）的活性酵母菌可以有效提高肉牛的生长性能,降低养殖成本,提高养殖户经济效益。     

奶牛蹄病发生规律及综合防控措施

为了降低奶牛蹄病的发病率,促进奶牛业健康发展,笔者对某大型奶牛场开展了奶牛蹄病发生规律的调查及综合防控措施研究。结果表明,该奶牛场蹄病年平均发病率达24.2%,其中:不同季节奶牛蹄病的发病率以第三季度最高,达39.8%;不同年龄奶牛蹄病的发病率以5～7岁最高,达39.1%;不同胎次奶牛蹄病的发病率以第4胎次最高,达45.4%;泌乳奶牛蹄病的发病率随泌乳量的增加而升高。自采取综合防控措施以来,该规模化奶牛场蹄病发病率逐年下降,由2006年的34.7%下降至2010年的11.9%,防控效果显著。     

奶牛蹄病与产奶量的关系

为了研究奶牛蹄病与其产奶量之间的关系,首先对宁夏某国营奶牛场15头不同程度蹄病患病奶牛15d内日平均产奶量进行统计,并以5头健康奶牛作为对照,比较分析了蹄病对奶牛产奶量的影响。之后对以上15头蹄病患病奶牛进行针对性治疗,治疗后,每隔5d测定其日平均产奶量,连续测6次,分析其产奶量的变化规律。结果发现,蹄病可引起奶牛产奶量下降,蹄病越严重,奶牛产奶量越少;经治疗后,不同程度的蹄病患病奶牛日平均产奶量均有所提高。     

Topical treatment of digital dermatitis associated with severe heel-horn erosion in a Swedish dairy herd

Two experiments were run in a commercial dairy herd to test the efficacy of topical treatments of digital dermatitis associated with severe heel-horn erosion. In Experiment I, topical treatments with solutions of either glutaraldehyde or oxytetracycline were compared with foot trimming and cleansing alone. After trimming of all feet, one front and one rear foot in each cow were treated with either glutaraldehyde or oxytetracycline (regardless of dermatitis status), while the other feet were used as controls and only trimmed. Two hundred foot records were obtained from 34 Swedish Red and White and 16 Swedish Holstein cows. The proportions (p) of feet cured from digital dermatitis were compared between each group of medically treated feet and the control feet, assuming the feet to be independent observations with respect to curing. Oxytetracycline was significantly more effective than hoof trimming alone (p=0.87 and 0.34, respectively; P<0.001) and than glutaraldehyde (p=0.41; P=0.004). Treatment with glutaraldehyde was no more effective than hoof trimming alone.In Experiment II, a specially designed footbath with two longitudinal compartments was used to study the effectiveness of a solution of acidic ionised copper in preventing or curing digital dermatitis. The footbath--using water in one compartment--was constructed to make within-cow comparisons of treatment efficacy possible. The hoof health of 44 dairy cows (also included in Experiment I) were studied when the animals first were turned out to pasture and at the end of the grazing season (approximately 6 months later). During the grazing season, the cows were walked through the footbath twice daily after milking for a total of 47 days, divided into five separate periods ranging in length from 3 to 16 days. As judged by a two-sample comparison of proportions, a higher proportion of the cows' hind feet that were affected by dermatitis were cured by the copper solution (20/24) than by water alone (12/23). The copper solution had no significant preventive effect on healthy feet.     

硫酸钠对奶牛瘤胃纤维物质降解的影响

本文旨在研究不同添加水平的硫酸钠对泌乳中期奶牛瘤胃纤维物质降解的影响。试验选用4头体重、胎次、产奶量均相近的荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,分4个处理组,在基础日粮基础上分别添加0%(对照组)、0.4%(试验1组)、0.8%(试验2组)和1.2%硫酸钠(试验3组),试验分为4期,每期18 d(预试期14 d,正试期4 d)。结果表明:(1)饲粮中添加硫酸钠后,各试验组玉米秸秆DM的瘤胃有效降解率均显著提高(P<0.05);(2)饲粮中添加硫酸钠后,各试验组玉米秸秆中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)瘤胃有效降解率均有所提高,其中试验1组和试验2组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加0.4%和0.8%的硫酸钠可以显著提高玉米秸秆DM、NDF、ADF的瘤胃有效降解率。     

新型预混料对奶牛酒精阳性乳防治作用的研究

为了验证针对酒精阳性乳（alcohol positive milk,AMP）发病机理制作的新型预混料对奶牛酒精阳性乳的防治效果,本研究设计了试验1和试验2：在试验1中,根据泌乳天数、酒精阳性乳程度,采用完全随机区组方法将100头荷斯坦泌乳后期牛分为对照组、低剂量（LDG）、中剂量（MDG）和高剂量组（HDG）,每组5个重复,每个重复5头牛,各组在日粮中依次添加0、50、100和150 g/（头·d）新型预混料,试验期26 d,3 d为1个采样周期;在试验2中,按照试验1的分组方法,将370头荷斯坦泌乳后期奶牛分为对照组和试验组,每组185头,在日粮中依次添加0和100 g/（头·d）新型预混料,试验期35 d,每5 d为1个采样周期。将奶样与等量的75%中性酒精混合,通过观察奶样状态判断酒精阳性乳发生程度。试验1结果表明,与对照组相比,在日粮中添加50 g/（头·d）新型预混料对酒精阳性乳的发生率有一定的影响（P>0.05）;日粮中添加100和150 g/（头·d）新型预混料能显著降低酒精阳性乳发生率（P<0.05）,尤其对降低强阳性酒精阳性乳发生率效果极显著（P<0.01）,但两组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。试验2结果表明,到试验结束时,日粮中添加100 g/（头·d）新型预混料可使酒精阳性乳总发生率降低75.73%,强阳性酒精阳性乳发生率降低90.82%。以上结果表明,新型预混料能有效防治奶牛酒精阳性乳的发生,且日粮中新型预混料的最佳添加量是100 g/（头·d）。     

The influence of administration of biotin and zinc chelate (Zn-methionine) to cows in the first and second trimester of lactation on their health and productivity

In cattle, the prevention of diseases might be possible using dietary methods, with nutritional optimization of feed rations. For years significant influence has been associated with the addition of biotin, methionine and zinc (each given individually, or as chelate - Zn-methionine). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of biotin or biotin + Zn-methionine additives on the health and performance of cows, in the first and second trimester of lactation. This study was carried out in 3 groups of cows, 30 animals in each group. In the first group cows were fed the usual fodder used on the farm. In the second group biotin at 10 mg/day/cow was added. In the third group both biotin at 10 mg/day/cow and Zn-methionine at 5 g/day/cow were added. The administration of biotin increased the milk yield and reduced the occurrence of retained placenta, as well as endometritis puerperalis. However, the high doses of biotin suppressed ovulation and oestrus symptoms in the investigated cows (low progesterone levels on days 15, 21 and 45 after calving). Zn-methionine in comparison to biotin had a lower effect on the milk yield in the cows. Moreover, its supplementation improved the milk content, as well as some of the blood parameters; it also decreased the number of somatic cells in milk. The concurrent administration of biotin and zinc-methionine seemed to be a good method for the prophylaxis of subacute mastitis and for the improvement of the high yielding dairy cows' productivity.     

患腐蹄病奶牛的锌营养状况分析

选择临床健康、无蹄病奶牛8头和患腐蹄病奶牛16头,于清晨饲喂前采集样品（血液、乳、尿、粪、毛和蹄甲）,将样品干法灰化前处理后用原子吸收分光光度计测定锌含量,同时采集有代表性饲料测定其锌含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,患腐蹄病奶牛血清和蹄甲锌含量极显著降低（P＜0.01）,而乳、尿、粪和毛锌含量无显著差异（P＞0.05）。饲料分析的结果表明,患腐蹄病奶牛缺锌似与饲料无关。病牛处于缺锌状态,特别是患蹄蹄甲锌含量极显著降低,表明腐蹄病的发生和缺锌之间存在密切关系。     

Red discolouration of the urine in cattle as a stock problem

After feeding a new batch of rapeseed meal (2.5 kg/cow/day) in the total mixed ration (TMR) of dairy cows on a dairy farm in Bavaria, numerous puddles of reddish fluid were found on the floor of the cubicle housing system. These were caused by a red discolouration of the urine. Directly after urination, the urine was macroscopically yellow and bright; the discolouration developed throughout the consecutive hours. Feed intake was markedly decreased and milk yield was lowered by 10%. No disturbances of the general health and blood key parameters were evident. After feeding two other cows with rapeseed meal of this batch (three times daily 1 kg each), the phenomenon occurred in one animal on the third and fourth days. Further analyses revealed evidence that the discolouration was due to substances which were excreted via the kidney and led to reddish urine after delayed reaction with the oxygen in the air.     

酵母蛋白饲喂泌乳奶牛试验报告

本试验通过在荷斯坦泌乳牛日粮中添加酵母蛋白部分替代豆粕,研究其对泌乳牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳成分及身体健康情况的影响,选取400头胎次、产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦泌乳牛分为对照组和试验组各200头,试验组每头牛每天饲喂500g酵母蛋白,通过60d的试验,结果表明试验组和对照组奶牛平均日产奶量差异不显著（P〉0.05）,分别为32.54kg/d与32.34kg/d。在产奶量不变的基础上,试验组平均干物质采食量降低1.7kg（DM）/d,产奶效率提高,与对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）。