基于纸质微流控芯片的农药检测系统

针对当前农药检测手段仪器复杂、成本昂贵等问题,提出了一种基于纸质微流控农药检测方法。设计了具有自动进样、混合反应、电化学检测等功能的纸质微流控芯片,采用石墨碳、Ag/AgCl材料以及结合化学交联法制备了环状结构的丝网印刷酶电极,并利用循环伏安法对制备的酶电极进行了电化学表征,构建了一套基于酶抑制法的集成酶电极纸质微流控农药检测系统。最后建立了酶抑制率与对硫磷浓度的数学模型,并测试了酶电极的性能。实验结果表明,酶电极具有良好的制备重复性、稳定性和线性度。抑制率与对硫磷浓度的负对数在1.0×10~(-7)~1.0×10~(-5)g/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为:I=158.82+21.11lg C,R~2为0.993,最低检出限为3.3×10~(-8)g/mL。所制备的酶电极微流控传感器抗干扰性较强,对对硫磷农药具有一定的选择性。加标回收率范围在95.8%~115.0%之间。     

基于酶传感的农药浓度快速检测装置研究

基于酶传感对农药浓度进行检测,设计了以丝网印刷酶电极作为敏感元件、由SOC单片机和微电流测量电路组成的检测装置。通过与CHI660B型电化学工作站测量对比实验可知:该装置对微电流测量的精度达0.01uA,最大误差小于0.19uA,检出时间小于3min;装置尺寸小,适合于现场农药浓度的快速检测。     

果蔬类污染物三合一便携式检测仪的应

使用果蔬污染物三合一便携式检测仪对亚硝酸盐、重金属铅及农药样品进行测定,确定了仪器对于不同污染物的有效检测范围.结果表明,亚硝酸盐的有效检测范围为1.5～150μg/mL,重金属铅在0.5～4.0μg/mL之间,辛硫磷、敌百虫、呋喃丹和灭多威的检测范围分别是0.005～2.0、0.005～0.5、0.005～0.3和0.005～1.0μg/mL.与Optizen 2120VFT食品安全快速检测仪相比,仪器对于亚硝酸盐、重金属铅、农药各项指标的检测均具有较好的准确性和精密度,能够满足快速检测的要求.     

便携式农药残留检测仪的设计

介绍一种基于酶电极生物传感器的便携式农药残留检测系统,该系统采用STC12C5A60S2微处理器作为控制核心,应用电流型酶电极生物传感器作为检测部件对果蔬提取液进行电化学分析。酶电极产生的μA级微弱电流信号通过I/V变换、差分放大、低通滤波等电路调理后送给A/D转换器,经微处理器运算、量化后将被测液农药残留浓度进行液晶显示并通过微型打印机打印出测试结果。该系统采用RS232总线进行数据上传,上位机应用界面采用LABVIEW编写,可对样本检测结果进行存储、分析、历史数据查询等操作。通过大量果蔬验证性试验,证明该系统稳定可靠、精度高、效果良好。     

基于赖氨酸修饰胶体金的花生黄曲霉毒素B1检测

通过建立赖氨酸表面修饰的胶体金体系,构建了一种检测霉变花生中黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)的方法。首先,用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金(Au NPs),然后在所制备的胶体金溶液中加入赖氨酸,制备了赖氨酸修饰的胶体金溶液(Lys-Au NPs)。利用紫外可见分光光度计和透射电镜对其进行表征,建立了Lys-AuNPs溶液在725 nm和525 nm处吸光度的比值(A_(725)/A_(525))与AFB_1质量浓度之间的相关关系。结果表明:AFB_1质量浓度在1～50 ng/mL范围内与A_(725)/A_(525)具有良好的线性关系,决定系数为0.996,检出限为0.2 ng/mL。花生样品中的加标回收率范围是85%～110%。通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对花生中AFB_1质量浓度进行验证,AFB_1质量浓度的预测值与真实值的均方根误差为0.865 1 ng/mL,相关系数为0.996 1。该方法具有快速简单、灵敏度高、操作简便等优点,可运用于霉变花生中AFB_1的快速检测。     

超声提取—HPLC法分析蔬菜中的多种农残

建立了一种超声提取—高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时检测吡虫啉、多菌灵、嘧霉胺的方法。样品经超声辅助提取后,再进行净化、检测,节省了检测时间。以甲醇+水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,结果表明,3种农药完全分离,线性范围均为0.05~1μg/mL,平均加标回收率为85%~103%,检出限均≤0.002 5μg/mL,定量限≤0.01μg/mL。该方法耗时短、准确度高,适用于批量农药多残留检测。     

无色高果糖浓缩苹果汁生产工艺试验

采用蔗糖酶酶解法和脱色脱酸树脂进行了无色脱酸高果糖浓缩苹果汁的生产工艺试验.通过正交试验确定了苹果汁中蔗糖酶酶解条件、脱色条件及脱酸条件.结果表明:苹果汁中蔗糖的较佳酶解条件为:苹果汁浓度为120 g/L,酶质量比为7mg/kg,pH值为4.5,温度为5512;XDA-5脱色树脂的较佳脱色条件为:苹果汁浓度为200 g/L、pH值为3.5、温度为50℃、流速为150 mL/h;D380树脂在温度25℃、苹果汁浓度300 g/L、流速180mL/h时吸附分离果酸效果最佳.     

便携式有机磷农药残留检测仪的设计

有机磷农药是我国现阶段使用量最大的农药,由农药残留及其污染物引起的农业环境及食品安全问题越来越受到人们的重视。为此,针对传统的检测仪器昂贵、操作较复杂、不便于携带的特点,设计了便携式有机磷农药残留检测系统。该系统采用电流型酶电极生物传感器来检测待测液中有机磷农药残留,所得电流经后续电流处理电路放大滤波后送入微处理器,最终以对应农药浓度值的形式显示出来,旨在作为传统有机磷农药残留检测方法的补充,用于田间现场检测。     

食用酱油中对羟基苯甲酸酯的高效液相色谱法测定

运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法在不改变流动相和检测波长的情况下,测定食用酱油中4种对羟基苯甲酸酯的含量;检测条件:流动相为0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钠(pH值4.0)∶乙腈=50∶50,检测波长为255nm,检测浓度范围为0.05～250μg/mL,最小检测浓度为0.025μg/mL。样品回收率为95.8%～104.3%。     

布鲁氏菌抗体的无标记电流型免疫传感器检测

为提高布鲁氏菌抗体检测的检测限及灵敏度,并适应定量、快速的测定要求,以便早期发现病畜,减少经济损失,采用丝网印刷金电极表面修饰巯基乙胺绑定抗原的方法,研制了一种一次性免疫传感器。通过循环伏安法表征免疫电极的反应过程,发现布鲁氏菌抗体在10-5~10-3IU/mL浓度范围内,氧化峰电流的变化值(ΔIpa)与抗体的浓度呈良好的线性关系,其相关系数r=0.999 9,检测下限为2.8×10-5IU/mL。将测定的循环伏安曲线进行半微分变换,建立半微分变化值(Δepa)与浓度的关系,在10-5~10-3IU/mL浓度范围内,半微分氧化峰电流的变化值与浓度呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.992 9,检测下限为2.7×10-6IU/mL,且在10-2~1 IU/mL浓度范围内,半微分氧化峰电流的变化值与浓度的相关系数r=0.999 2。表明半微分变换可以明显改善其检测范围和检测下限。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。