一种绿豆水面包的加工工艺研究

以绿豆沙加工过程产生的绿豆水作为面包加工过程中的和面用水,将其进行综合利用。正交试验结果表明,绿豆水面包的最佳配方为绿豆水添加量55%,活性干酵母添加量3.0%,面包改良剂添加量0.3%,白砂糖添加量20%;最佳制作工艺为醒发时间2 h,醒发温度40℃,烘焙温度200℃,烘焙时间22 min。     

绿豆沙饮料工艺的研究

以绿豆、木糖醇、全脂乳粉为主要原料制作绿豆沙饮料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,得出适宜于绿豆沙饮料生产的最佳工艺(配制300 m L的绿豆沙饮料为基准),绿豆添加量16%,木糖醇添加量4%,全脂乳粉添加量1%,CMC添加量0.15%,海藻酸钠添加量0.05%,再添加绿豆香精、水。所得的绿豆沙饮料为淡绿色,有沙口感及爽口感,质地均匀一致。     

甘草绿豆糕点的开发

以绿豆为主要原料,对甘草绿豆糕点的加工配方进行优化。研究了低筋面粉、白砂糖、植物油、甘草添加量对甘草绿豆糕色泽、表现状态、口味的影响,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定甘草绿豆糕点的最佳配方为绿豆糊用量1 kg,白砂糖添加量16%,低筋面粉添加量24%,植物油添加量4%,甘草粉添加量1.6%,在此条件下加工的甘草绿豆糕品质最好。     

南瓜绿豆复合饮料的研制

以南瓜和绿豆为主要原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对复合饮料制作工艺进行研究。结果表明,最佳配方为柠檬酸添加量0.08%,白砂糖添加量10%,奶粉添加量0.5%,南瓜汁与绿豆汁的体积比2∶3,添加0.1%黄原胶和0.2% CMC-Na的复合稳定剂。     

南瓜绿豆复合饮料的研制

以南瓜和绿豆为主要原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对复合饮料制作工艺进行研究。结果表明,最佳配方为柠檬酸添加量0.08%,白砂糖添加量10%,奶粉添加量0.5%,南瓜汁与绿豆汁的体积比2∶3,添加0.1%黄原胶和0.2%CMC-Na的复合稳定剂。     

火龙果低糖保健果冻的研制

以新鲜火龙果和蜂蜜为主要原料,研制色泽美观、独特风味的低糖保健果冻。通过单因素试验和正交试验,以果冻感官评分和质构特性为指标,优化果冻生产配方,得到最优果冻工艺为火龙果添加量10%,蜂蜜添加量20%,复配胶添加量2%(魔芋胶∶黄原胶∶卡拉胶=1∶2∶2),柠檬酸添加量0.12%。该产品具有火龙果清香味,色泽均匀、组织形态、口感良好。     

海参银耳保健果冻生产工艺研究

以海参和银耳为主要原料，在单因素试验的基础上，通过正交试验确定海参银耳果冻的配方。结果表明，生产海参银耳保健果冻的最佳配方为：银耳提取液添加量50%，复配胶粉添加量0.5%（卡拉胶0.3%，果胶0.2%），蔗糖添加量6%，柠檬酸添加量0.1%（均以果冻质量计），采用最佳工艺参数研制出的海参银耳果冻色泽美观，甜酸滑爽，风味独特，营养丰富。     

颗粒型燕麦牛奶的研制

研究了添加燕麦颗粒牛奶饮品的配方及加工工艺。以感官评定作为判断指标,确定选用的燕麦品种为坝燕6号和坝燕13号,燕麦颗粒预处理方式为常温复水30 min,90℃蒸煮40 min。通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定基础配方为脂肪添加量3.5%,蛋白质添加量3.5%,蔗糖添加量5.5%,燕麦粉添加量0.83%,燕麦颗粒添加量1.67%,卡拉胶添加量0.03%。按照此配方和工艺制得的燕麦牛奶颗粒饱满、口味纯正、稳定性良好。     

樱花雪梨低糖复合果酱的研制

以樱花和雪梨为原料制作低糖复合果酱,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳复合果酱配方为梨肉添加量62.5%,白砂糖添加量16%,蛋白糖添加量0.3%,柠檬酸添加量0.375%,黄原胶添加量1.5%,CaCl_2添加量0.4%。在此条件下制作的复合果酱色泽均匀、组织细腻、酸甜可口。     

小米牛奶饮品的研制

以小米和牛奶为主要原料制作小米牛奶,采用比色法测定小米中的色氨酸含量,筛选试验所用小米品种为中谷2号,通过单因素试验和响应面分析法对小米牛奶饮品的配方进行优化。结果表明,小米牛奶饮品的配方优化条件为:牛奶与小米酶解液配比5.25∶1,黄原胶添加量0.20%,白砂糖添加量2.00%,单甘酯添加量0.14%。在此优化条件下,小米牛奶色泽均匀、组织均一、甜度适宜,且有小米和牛奶协调香气,并伴有淡淡木瓜味。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.