盘锦地区耕地土壤养分情况简述

2001年开始,盘山县在耕地土壤上采集了578份监测土样,对土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾和pH值等进行化验分析。结果表明,在1982年～2001年的20年间,全县耕地土壤的全氮、速效磷含量水平有所提高,有机质和速效钾的含量呈下降趋势。     

浙江金华地区水稻土养分供应能力研究

 自1997年早稻开始，在浙江省金华市农业科学研究所试验区稻田设立了监测水稻土生产力及肥力变化的长期肥料定位试验，并在试验区周围10 km范围内选择了21户农民的稻田进行相应的监测试验。试验区内农户间稻田土壤的养分供应能力相差很大，氮供应能力变化于49~116 kg/hm2，磷供应能力变化于13~32 kg/hm2，钾供应能力变化于68~183 kg/hm2。农民常规施肥区的氮肥利用效率很低，氮表观回收率的平均值为14%~26%，氮肥农业效率平均值为4.6~8.2，且农户之间、早晚稻之间均存在较大差异。肥料定位试验结果表明，在连续种植水稻条件下，缺肥区土壤相应的有效养分消耗很快。与NPK全肥区比较，NP区从第2季水稻起，NK区从第3季水稻起，即开始出现减产。针对当地农民现行养分管理的实际情况，就水稻系统发展适地养分综合管理新技术进行了讨论。     

吉林省东辽县土壤养分含量状况与分析

2004年至2007年对吉林东辽县土壤养分状况进行了测定分析。总体状况与1984年第二次土壤普查值相比:碱解氮增加,有机质下降,全氮略有增加,速效钾有所下降,有效磷明显提高;有效铜、铁、锰、锌含量不同程度地增加,有效硼略有减少。建议合理使用配方复合肥。     

海南琼中县什运乡土壤养分状况研究

在海南琼中县什运乡采集土壤样品276个，系统测定pH值及氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锌、硼等含量，按第2次土壤普查土壤养分分级标准和全国农业技术推广服务中心微量元素含量分析要求，对其进行养分状况评价。结果表明，什运乡土壤酸性强；有机质和全氮含量处于中等水平，但土壤碱解氮较高，处于中等偏上水平；无论是全量水平，还是有效态水平，土壤磷、钾含量均处于低至极低水平；中、微量营养元素分布不一，交换性钙含量高而交换性镁含量低，有效锌含量丰富而有效硼含量缺乏。鉴于海南中部山区退化较为严重的土壤养分状况，在发展热带现代农业种植过     

麦—玉—豆轮作制度下施肥措施对土壤养分的影响

为了研究在麦—玉—豆轮作制度下,前茬作物的肥料残效对后期作物的施肥是否有影响,本文通过三年的田间试验,测定分析了不同耕作制度下的土壤营养成分。研究结果表明,与原基础含量相比,连作制度下土壤中的全氮含量增加6.2%,碱解氮含量增加了40.2%,有效磷含量下降35.5%,速效钾含量变化不明显,有机质含量下降8.6%;轮作处理的全氮下降17.8%,碱解氮含量下降了6%,有效磷含量下降31.3%,速效钾含量增加了15.8%,有机质含量下降了14.1%。在麦—玉—豆轮作制度下,各处理的全氮、全磷及pH值差异均不显著;全钾含量表现出有规律的变化,施肥量正常水平各处理间全钾含量普遍升高,施肥量为零的处理下的全钾含量高于1/2水平下的;各处理土壤中有机质含量差异较大。年际间调肥处理可以平衡土壤养分,有效改善根系土壤环境。     

日本旱地交换性盐基及相关土壤性质的变化

交换性盐基及相关土壤性质是土壤条件的重要指标。在自然条件下，极大多数日本旱地土壤呈酸性，交换性盐基离子含量较低。对于耕地土壤来说，土壤酸度可以通过施用白云石粉和化肥等得到调节，而盐基离子不平衡，如Mg／K比值降低等可能加剧。为了验证土壤盐基离子及相关土壤性质的变化，日本农业部和Tsukuba—shi，Ibaraki—ken县农业试验站在1979～1997年对此进行了监测。     

花生连作田土壤微生物群落动态与土壤养分关系研究

对不同连作年限花生田土壤中的微生物群落和养分进行了分析，结果表明，随着花生连作年限的增加，土壤及花生根际土壤中的真菌数量明显增加，细菌数量明显减少；根际与非根际土壤的R／S值随连作年限的增加而降低；连作1年后碱解氮含量变化达显著水平，土壤中速效磷和速效钾的含量与细茵数量呈极显著的正相关关系。     

湘西植烟土壤养分变化趋势分析

通过对比湘西自治州2010年295个与1999年453个植烟土壤样品养分含量,分析养分含量变化趋势,结果表明：湘西州植烟土壤pH值基本没有变化,有机质含量有下降的趋势;大量元素养分全氮、碱解氮、速效磷含量有上升的趋势,全磷含量有下降的趋势,全钾、速效钾变化不明显;中量、微量元素养分,除有效锰含量有下降的趋势外,其他都有升高的趋势。同时速效氮、速效钾含量的平均值随着海拔升高而升高。针对湘西州植烟土壤养分含量特点,建议控氮、稳磷、增钾。     

长泰县耕地土壤养分变化及其对策

为有效提高土地利用率,分析近年来福建省漳州市长泰县耕地土壤养分的变化情况,结果表明：与1982年测定结果相比,2009年本县耕地土壤有机质含量变化小,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等成分含量明显提高,土壤pH值趋向微酸性或中性,但仍有58.5%的耕地土壤处于缺钾状态,且部分土壤出现富磷化污染状态和强酸性,为此,根据其变化情况提出在施足有机肥基础上,实行适氮、重钾、轻磷的科学施用原则,按需调整N、P、K的比例,人工现配现施或施用作物专用配方肥等改善土壤养分的对策。     

辽宁省黑土区土壤养分时空差异化及其与气象因子的关系

通过对2004-2019年辽宁省黑土地进行野外采样及分析，测定土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH值4个指标，利用GIS和统计分析方法，研究黑土区土壤养分指标时空特征及其与气象因子的相关性。结果表明，年际间，碱解氮含量整体上无明显变化，速效磷、速效钾含量和pH值呈增长趋势。空间上，碱解氮和速效磷含量呈东高西低分布，速效钾含量呈西南向东北升高分布，pH值呈东低西高分布。降水量对碱解氮的影响最大，风速对速效磷、速效钾和pH值的影响最大，且与速效磷和速效钾呈显著相关。风速对土壤养分的影响最大，应注重土壤养分的变化监测及风速的影响，严格控制氮磷钾肥的施用量，提升粮食综合生产能力。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。