我爱梅花

正云南是我国三大特有物种分布中心和全球物种多样性较为集中的10个地区之一,也是中国梅的起源中心、野生分布中心和种质多样性中心。笔者所在的滇中更是云南梅资源分布最广、数量最多、品质最佳、树龄最高,而古梅资源又集中的地区,民间自古以来就有植梅艺梅的传统,一些古刹或公园还有一些古老珍稀的老梅。安宁市曹溪寺是云南现存古     

安江香柚的一个优良新品系─—梳柚

安江香柚原产黔阳县，有300年以上的栽培历史，古为贡品，是湖南有名的白内甜柚类特产。安江香柚树势强，产量高，果型大，果汁多，风味甜，耐贮运，品质上等。11月中旬成熟。安江香柚在当地经过长期的栽培和自然变异、人工选择形成了众多独特品系、类型，为我们选择优良变异提供了有利条件。我们在当地群众的配合下，对安江香柚资源进行了调查，在调查过程中我们发现了一些优良的变异类型，特别是有一种当地群众称为梳抽（果形像梳子）的品系类型，我们认为极有发展前途。梳柚树势健壮，树形较开张，果实长卵圆形，果形大而端正，果皮光滑…     

核桃花器官变异研究

 观察胡桃花器官变异类型及其特点，制作石蜡切片对两性花变异类型的花芽分化进程进行了研究。用6个早实胡桃材料和2个晚实胡桃材料作亲本，选配10个杂交组合，得到2942个实生杂种苗。在具有早实胡桃为亲本的杂交组合和早实胡桃自然授粉的2648株实生单株中，到播种后第3a累计结实实率为20.34％，晚实胡桃294株实生后代无早结果现象。在538株早实杂种苗中，共有12个单株在2a生时发生了花器变异，变异类型包括两性花类型、穗状花类型、穗状花具分枝类型、穗状花雌雄同序类型、柱头变异类型和雌花序莲座状类型。连续5年观察表明，仅有来自于新1号×香玲杂交组合的C3单株二次花的雌雄同花变异在不同年份稳定表现。在一些早实品种（如香玲）的徒长枝上也具有两性花变异。胡桃两性花变异的形态发育进程属于向心式：花序原基－花原基－花被原基－雄蕊原基－雌蕊原基－子房原基。胡桃的花器官变异是早实胡桃二次开花过程发生的。早实胡桃花器官变异类型的存在为胡桃的早实特性和花器官发育研究提供了珍贵的材料。     

对影响梅花在北京越冬驯化的若干生理生化因素的研究

本文报道1962-1966年在北京进行梅花北移驯化试验的部分结果。文中叙述了不同类型梅花的自然授粉及人工杂交实生苗在北京自然气候条件下的年生长节律和越冬期内糖类、氮素、水分的变化及其对苗木越冬力的影响,并分析了影响不同梅类型在北京越冬的主导因素。     

野生种与栽培品种的同工酶研究

对梅的野生种及果梅、花梅栽培品种的过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、ａ－淀粉酶及酯酶的研究结果表明，所有受试类型都有基本相似的特征酶谱。野生梅、半野生梅、单粉垂枝梅和淡晕宫粉梅较为原始，白须朱砂梅和送春梅较为进化，大羽梅最为进化，其构成十分复杂。     

安江香柚新品系──梳柚性状简介

安江香抽原产黔阳县,有300年以上的栽培历史,古为贡品,是湖南有名的白肉甜袖类特产。安江香抽树势强,产量高．果形大,有香气,果汁多,风味甜耐贮运,品质上等,11月中旬成熟。安江香油在当地等日立长期的栽培和自然变异、人工选择形成众多独特的品系、类型,为我们选择优良变异提供了有利条件。为了发掘安江香袖这一名、特、优、稀品牌,给山区经济发展找到新的增长点,我们在当地群众的配合下,对安江香油资源进行了调查,在调查过程中我们发现了一些优良的变异类型,特别是有一种当地群众称为梳袖（果肉像一把梳子）的品系类型,我…     

‘冬枣’的五个自然变异材料评价

以‘冬枣’及其5个自然变异材料为试材,对其果实形态、果实营养、物候期、染色体倍性以及DNA指纹进行了比较分析,以期筛选出综合性状优异的‘冬枣’变异类型。结果表明:与普通‘冬枣’相比,变异1号材料为大果型,其单果质量显著增加,为25.22g,果实可溶性糖含量和糖酸比提高。在物候期上,变异1号和2号材料与‘冬枣’表现相近,但其它3个变异材料的果实成熟期比‘冬枣’晚约15d。流式细胞仪分析显示5个自然变异材料均为二倍体,15对SSR引物检测表明5个自然变异材料与‘冬枣’基因组DNA的SSR指纹相同,可能均为‘冬枣’的自然芽变。评价结果显示,变异1号属于优良大果变异,变异3、4、5号为晚熟变异。     

中国甜柿及其在世界甜柿基因库中的地位

 柿（Diospyros kaki Thunb.）原产中国,但绝大多数为完全涩柿,中国原产完全甜柿（简称中国甜柿）仅在湖北、河南和安徽三省交界的大别山区有分布。主要介绍中国甜柿的栽培历史、地理分布及其变异类型,并重点对其生物学特性、自然脱涩特点及遗传规律等进行总结;此外,还对中国甜柿在世界甜柿的起源与进化、自然脱涩机理和遗传改良研究中的价值进行了阐述。     

低产果梅春季高接换种及不同处理效应初报

低产果梅春季高接换种及不同处理效应初报＊钱惠明周德荣黄福山俞兴福（江苏省太湖常绿果树技术推广中心吴县２１５１０７）８０年代中期以前，吴县果梅以实生栽培为主。变异大，果实品质差，产量低，经济效益差。为探索低产梅园的改造途径，笔者在１９８７～１９８８年少...     

新疆杏资源与产业化

作者根据杏资源情况和生产现状,提出了新疆发展杏资源的建议和实现产业化的设想。一、资源情况和生产现状1.资源的种类及分布新疆是杏的起源中心之一,地质年代第3世纪末期保留下来的古老野生杏林(普通杏),遍布天山西部伊犁各县山区。普通杏具有生长强健,适应性强、抗寒、耐高温、耐干旱等特点。其中有一个变种,即李光杏,在新疆形成了一大群体,分布极为广泛,其果实外观质量好,内在品质高,具有广阔的开发前景。由于长期的实生繁殖、自然和人工选择,在杏品种间形成了许多变异类型,形成了新疆特有的丰富而又错综复杂的杏品种资源。根据历年来对…     

Distribution of invasive plants in urban environment is strongly spatially structured

Context

Urban environments create a wide range of habitats that harbour a great diversity of plant species, many of which are of alien origin. For future urban planning and management of the green areas within the city, understanding of the spatial distribution of invasive alien species is of great importance.

Objectives

Our main aim was to assess how availability of different ecosystem types within a city area, as well as several parameters describing urban structure interact in determining the cover and identity of invasive alien species.

Methods

We studied the distribution of chosen invasive plant species in a mid-sized city in the Czech Republic, central Europe, on a gradient of equal sized cells from the city centre to its outskirts.

Results

A great amount of variation was explained by spatial predictors but not shared with any measured variables. The species cover of invasive species decreased with increasing proportion of urban greenery and distance from the city centre, but increased with habitat richness; road margins, ruderal sites, and railway sites were richest in invasive species. In contrast, the total number of invasive species in cells significantly decreased with increasing distance from the city centre, but increased with habitat richness.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that different invasive species prefer habitats in the vicinity of the city centre and at its periphery and the spatial structure and habitat quality of the urban landscape needs to be taken into account, in efforts to manage alien plant species invasions in urban environments.

     

云南醉鱼草属(Buddleja L.) 观赏植物资源的调查研究

 在对云南分布的醉鱼草属观赏资源系统调查和资料整理的基础上, 研究了该属植物在云南的地理分布规律及25 种(包括变种) 醉鱼草的观赏性状, 包括花、叶、香气等观赏特征及其开花期, 指出开发利用面对的问题和应采取的措施。     

通麦野生梅花种质资源调查初报

对通麦野生梅花种质资源进行了调查,为西藏野生梅花的开发利用提供参考依据.西藏通麦梅花分布面积为0.7 km2,集中分布面积0.3 km2.梅花分布密度在垂直带上呈波浪线趋势,下坡梅花天然更新最好,影响梅花生长、更新的主要限制因子是人类及动物的活动所致的生境条件变化;西藏野生梅花幼苗期具有一定的耐阴性,而成苗后表现为喜光.西藏野生梅花在树型上具有明显的种内差异,具体表现为:小乔木状、灌木状及半藤本状等多种类型.     

A “magic teleportation machine”: Ethnically diverse green space users derive similar cultural ecosystem benefits from urban nature

Green spaces are vital to the wellbeing of urban communities, largely due to the many Cultural Ecosystem Benefits (CEB) that nature contributes to outdoor recreation experiences (e.g., relaxation, inspiration, spiritual enrichment). To ensure equity in the distribution of CEB, however, we require a better understanding of how they relate to ethnicity. Through 100 in-situ semi-structured interviews with green space users in the Lee Valley Regional Park, London, UK, this research explored variation in outdoor recreational CEB based on i) ethnicity and ii) green space activity and attribute preferences. We compared green space preferences and CEB of Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) and white users of two distinct types of urban green space: parks and more biodiverse Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). Both white and BAME visitors to parks prioritized games/sports and built features whereas visitors to SSSIs more often undertook wildlife viewing and prioritized natural features. However, we found that white and BAME users of both types of urban green space derived similar CEB. Peace and relaxation were primary among these benefits, a result of both nature interaction and its contrast to the urban environment. These results demonstrate that nature does not have to be the focal point of outdoor recreation to contribute to wellbeing; rather, even as a backdrop to sports and cultural activities, nature provides similar benefits to green space users. To promote use of green space and foster intercultural understanding, we recommend integrating these shared benefits obtained from nature within marketing and engagement strategies. Future research is needed to explore CEB variation within and among distinct ethnic communities to fully capture the diversity of lived experiences.     

The effects of land tenure and land use on the urban forest structure and composition of Melbourne

The urban forest provides valuable ecosystem services for enhancing human well-being. Its structure and composition determine the quantity and quality of these services. There has been little research on the heterogeneity in structure and composition of urban forests in the Australasian region, especially in the centre of a highly dynamic and rapidly urbanizing city. This paper quantifies the structure and the composition of the urban forest of Melbourne, Australia's city centre. The effects of land tenure and land use on the heterogeneity of canopy cover, tree density and canopy size were explored. Species and family composition by land use, land ownership and street type were also analysed using the Shannon–Wiener and Jaccard similarity indices. Most of the canopy cover in the city centre is located on public land and is unevenly distributed across the municipality. The mean canopy cover (12.3%) is similar to that found for whole city studies around the world, which often include peri-urban forests. Similarly to other cities, structure varied across different land uses, and tree size, density and cover varied with land tenure and street type. The diversity index shows that the urban forest is rich in species (H′ = 2.9) and is dominated by native species. Improving the distribution, and increasing tree cover and variety of species will result in a more resilient urban centre, able to provide multiple ecosystem services to their residents and its large population of visitors and workers. The study of the urban centre provides further understanding of compact city morphologies, and allows inter-city comparison independent of the size.     

野生甘蓝的研究进展及展望

甘蓝近缘野生种又称野生甘蓝,与栽培甘蓝携带相同的C基因组(2n=18,CC),具有丰富的遗传变异和优良的抗逆性。野生甘蓝的挖掘与利用对于栽培甘蓝的遗传改良具有重要意义。就野生甘蓝的种类、分布、与栽培甘蓝的关系及优良性状等进行了综述。     

国内外城市湿地公园游憩价值开发典型案例分析

梳理城市湿地公园游憩价值的构成要素及景观美学、休闲娱乐、康体健身、自然教育、民俗体验价值的内容.以伦敦湿地中心、香港城市湿地公园、杭州西溪湿地公园为案例,分析城市湿地公园在基础构成要素不同的背景下确立自身的规划设计和理念、开发模式、游憩产品策划.     

深州蜜桃若干性状的变异与遗传倾向

 以深州蜜桃与大久保自然杂交后代为材料, 研究了26 个育种性状, 明确了各性状的变异系数、变异幅度以及次数分布曲线和组合遗传传递力。     

沙田柚多倍体遗传差异的SSR分析

应用21对柑橘SSR引物对7份有沙田柚血缘的不同倍性材料进行了基因组的遗传差异分析。平均每对引物扩增出3个等位基因,每对引物可检测到的等位基因数目为2～5个不等,多态性带纹为62.5%。NTSYS软件进行相似系数计算,7份材料的相似性系数为0.763～0.892。UPGMA法聚类分析,在相似性系数为0.83处可划分为3类,即3株天然四倍体为第Ⅰ类;2株人工同源四倍体与1株天然三倍体为第Ⅱ类;二倍体母株为第Ⅲ类。天然三倍体与二倍体的遗传相似性较四倍体与二倍体的遗传相似性更高。4对引物(CAT01,TAA33,AG14 and TC26)可以区分天然四倍体与人工同源四倍体。与亲本二倍体母本相比,所试三倍体和四倍体均发生了DNA水平变异,表现为带纹缺失同时又增加了新的带纹。这些多倍体试材可为培育无核三倍体柑橘提供丰富变异的亲本材料。