共轭亚油酸降低脂肪沉积的分子机制研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)因在降低体脂沉积中的生物学功能而成为近年来的研究热点。研究显示,CLA对机体脂肪代谢的调控机制具有复杂性,胞内钙离子、G蛋白偶联受体和炎症反应等通路均可介导CLA对脂肪细胞分化、凋亡、脂质合成的调控作用。本文将综述介导CLA调控脂肪代谢的通路及其相关机制,旨在为进一步的CLA介导的抗肥胖机制研究提供参考。     

共轭亚油酸对猪脂肪代谢调控及其作用机制的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)具有多种生理学作用,其中改变体脂沉积、调控脂肪代谢的功能是近来研究的热点。现有研究表明,CLA可以减少动物皮下脂肪、增加肌内脂肪、改变脂肪酸组成。本文从CLA的代谢途径、对猪脂肪沉积的调控作用及其作用机制作一综述,以期为进一步研究提供参考。     

共轭亚油酸对小白鼠体脂沉积及免疫功能的影响

试验研究了日粮中添加共轭亚油酸(CLA)对小白鼠脂肪沉积与免疫的影响。试验选择体重相近的4周龄的雄性昆明种小白鼠40只,随机分成4组,每组10只,在日粮中分别添加0%、0.1%、0.5%、1.0%的CLA,喂养4周后,测定小白鼠腹脂重、体脂含量、脂肪细胞大小与数目、免疫器官重量与指数、T淋巴细胞转化率、血清IgG、IgM与IgA。结果显示,当日粮中CLA的添加量为0.5%时,可以显著提高小白鼠脾脏重量与指数、T淋巴细胞转化率及IgM含量,降低小白鼠体重、腹脂重、体脂含量与脂肪细胞直径(P<0.05)。CLA的添加量为1.0%时,可以显著提高小白鼠IgG含量(P<0.05)。而添加CLA对脂肪细胞数目与IgA影响不显著(P>0.05)。说明饲喂一定量的共轭亚油酸可减少小白鼠体脂沉积,提高免疫力。     

共轭亚油酸对肉牛肾周前脂肪细胞增殖与脂肪沉积的影响

本试验旨在研究共轭亚油酸(CLA)对肉牛肾周前脂肪细胞增殖与脂肪沉积的影响。选取5头28月龄去势雪龙黑牛的肾周脂肪组织,对提取的前脂肪细胞分别添加0.00、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30 mmol/L CLA进行培养,测定细胞数量、细胞内的脂肪含量、瘦素和脂联素分泌量。结果表明:培养分化天数的增加能增加细胞数量和脂肪含量。细胞数量在培养第1、2天随CLA浓度的增加表现起伏不定的变化,第3天随CLA浓度的增加而显著减少(P<0.05)。在培养第3天CLA浓度达到0.20 mmol/L以上时,提高CLA浓度都能显著提高脂肪含量(P<0.05),但在第4天,脂肪含量在CLA 0.30 mmol/L组与对照组之间无显著差异。CLA对瘦素分泌无显著影响,但能显著增加脂联素的分泌量(P<0.05)。结果提示,肉牛肾周前脂肪细胞中,培养天数的增加能显著促进细胞增殖与脂肪沉积,CLA可能通过促进脂联素的分泌量来抑制前脂肪细胞增殖与脂肪沉积。     

影响反刍动物产品中共轭亚油酸含量的饲粮因素探讨

共轭亚油酸(CLA)具有抗癌、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗氧化、降低脂肪沉积、促进生长以及调节免疫等重要的生理功能。人类食物中的CLA主要来源于反刍动物产品。影响反刍动物产品CLA含量的因素主要包括:(1)饲粮中的脂类底物;(2)瘤胃内环境的改变;(3)饲喂方式;(4)饲粮中CLA的供给。生产中可以通过饲粮来调控瘤胃微生物区系,以增加CLA的合成;也可以给饲粮提供富含亚油酸的原料,通过增加底物来提高反刍动物产品中的CLA含量。     

奶牛乳脂中共轭亚油酸合成的影响因素及调控的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)对人体健康和畜牧业生产具有重要意义,是近年来动物营养学领域研究的热点。牛奶中含有丰富的CLA,瘤胃内环境、日粮结构等因素影响瘤胃中CLA前体物的积累,从而影响乳脂CLA合成。本文综述了奶牛乳脂中CLA合成的影响因素及调控手段。     

富含共轭亚油酸(CLA)奶牛的个体选择、营养调控和科学管理

随着科学技术的不断发展,人们对CLA保健功能的认识越来越清楚,都希望摄取富含CLA多的食品。我国人均每天CLA的摄入量不足5mg,即使发达国家(如德国人均每天摄食CLA为043g)也达不到CLA发挥生物功效的有效剂量。美国研究委员会已在1996年把CLA列为唯一一种具有抗癌作用的动物源脂肪酸,所以提高牛奶中CLA含量成为现在研究的新热点。本文就影响牛奶中CLA含量的几个因素(奶牛个体选择、营养调控和科学管理)进行论述。     

共轭亚油酸对艾维茵肉鸡前体脂肪细胞增殖与分化的影响

试验采用酶消化原代培养脂肪细胞的方法培养艾维茵肉鸡前体脂肪细胞.通过细胞形态学观察、细胞计数、油红O染色等方法,观察共轭亚油酸(CLA)对肉鸡前体脂肪细胞增殖与分化的影响.结果表明:CLA对艾维茵肉鸡前体脂肪细胞增殖有显著抑制作用,而对其分化没有显著影响.     

肿瘤坏死因子-α在脂肪组织中的作用

作为一种由脂肪细胞产生和分泌的多功能细胞因子,肿瘤胚死因子-α(TNF-α)除了在免疫系统中发挥作用外,其在脂肪组织中也具有重要的调控作用,如促进脂肪分解、抑制脂肪合成、抑制脂肪细胞分化、诱导脂肪细胞凋亡等。综合起来看,TNF-α可抑制动物的脂肪沉积。     

营养调控对瘤胃及羊乳和羊肉中共轭亚油酸含量影响的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)因具有抗癌、抗糖尿病及增强机体免疫力等功能而备受研究人员关注,近年来,针对备受消费者青睐的羊肉和羊奶等产品中CLA含量的研究越来越多。作者简述了反刍动物产品中CLA生物合成机制,并重点回顾了多种营养调控措施对瘤胃中CLA和十八碳烯酸积累的影响结果;进一步探讨了这几种营养调控方式对羊乳和羊肉中CLA含量的影响。分析认为,利用油脂底物和调控剂混合添加有利于加强瘤胃纤维菌群和原虫区系对CLA、十八碳烯酸的积累和过瘤胃率,并可在提高动物产品中CLA含量的同时,避免乳脂率下降。今后还需通过营养、分子生物学及生理学等角度全面揭示CLA合成机理,为生产富含CLA的动物产品提供参考。     

Body composition and selected blood parameters in mice fed a combination of fibre and conjugated linoleic acid

Feeding mice conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces body fat. Soluble fibre decreases apparent lipid digestibility. The objective of the present study was to examine whether a combination of dietary CLA and soluble fibre would further decrease the proportion of body fat than a diet with CLA alone. Therefore, we fed mice diets with CLA and different amounts of Nutrim, containing 10% soluble fibre. CLA was added to the control diet at the expense of high oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSF) component and Nutrim was added at the expense of an isoenergetic combination of starch, dextrose and cellulose. The diets were fed for 28 days. Weight gain after 28 days was less in CLA-fed animals than in HOSF-fed animals. Both CLA and Nutrim increased the body water content. CLA reduced total body fat and epidydymal fat but Nutrim did not. No interaction of CLA and fibre was detected. We, therefore, must conclude that under the present experimental conditions dietary CLA and fibre do not interact to reduce body fat deposition.     

共轭亚油酸对猪胴体品质及作用机理的研究进展

共轭亚油酸 (CLA)的生物学功能是当前的研究热点 ,已知的功能涉及范围很广 ,包括抑制癌症和肿瘤的形成、减肥、抗动脉粥样硬化、改善免疫功能、降低胆固醇、促进生长等多种生物学活性。近年来 ,CLA在猪上研究应用发现 ,CLA能明显降低体脂、提高瘦肉率 ,具有营养再分配作用。本文就CLA对猪胴体品质的影响及其作用机理作一综述。     

Effect of a rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid mixture on hepatic lipid metabolism in heifers

This study was performed to assess the effects of rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on hepatic lipid metabolism in heifers. In particular, it was of interest whether feeding CLA causes development of fatty liver as observed recently in mice. Thirty-six growing heifers with an initial body weight of 185 kg were allotted to three treatment groups and fed daily 250 g of different rumen-protected fats for 16 weeks: The control group received 250 g of a CLA-free control fat, the CLA100 group received 100 g of a CLA fat containing 2.4% of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and 2.1% of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and 150 g control fat and the CLA250 group received 250 g of the CLA fat. CLA supplementation had no effect on animal performance parameters, liver weight and hepatic triglyceride concentration. Moreover, mRNA expression of hepatic genes involved in lipogenesis, β-oxidation and fatty acid transport was not influenced by dietary CLA. The fatty acid composition of hepatic total lipids, with particular consideration of ratios of fatty acids indicative of Δ9-, Δ6- and Δ5-desaturation, was also less influenced by dietary CLA. In conclusion, the study shows that dietary rumen-protected CLA has less effect on hepatic lipid metabolism in young heifers and does not induce the development of a fatty liver such as in mice.     

Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, color, and water-holding capacity of pork loin

The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, and pork quality were investigated. Pigs (n = 20) were fed a diet containing 0, 1, 2.5, or 5% CLA for 4 wk and slaughtered at 105 kg. The longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was collected at 24 h postmortem. Pork loin chops (3 cm thick) were packaged aerobically and stored at 4 degrees C for 7 d. Samples were analyzed for ultimate pH, intramuscular fat content, fatty acid composition, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, color (L*, a*, b*), and water-holding capacity. Dietary CLA reduced the concentration of linoleic acid and increased CLA concentration in intramuscular fat of pork loin (P < 0.05). The concentration of CLA in muscle was increased with dietary CLA level and did not change during storage. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance value of control was higher than that of the CLA-fed groups (P < 0.05). Intramuscular fat content was increased by dietary CLA, and less purge loss was observed with samples from CLA-fed pigs (P < 0.05). Dietary CLA improved the color stability of pork loin during cold storage. After 7 d, lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of the 5% CLA-fed group were significantly lower than those of control (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the water-holding capacity of pork loin was increased with increased intramuscular fat content apparently caused by dietary CLA. Also, the data indicated that color stability of pork was improved with inhibition of lipid oxidation and changing of fatty acid composition by dietary CLA.     

影响牛奶trans11C18∶1和CLA合成的因素

乳脂肪受日粮因素的调控的可塑性大，CLA是乳脂肪中的一种微量不饱和脂肪酸，影响乳脂肪的物理和生物学特性。CLA最初发现于奶牛瘤胃，但牛奶中CLA主要通过乳腺组织Δ9去饱和酶作用于trans11C18∶1而内源合成。研究结果表明，日粮因素、动物个体间的差异和动物组织间SCD酶活性的差异是影响乳脂CLA合成的关键因素。作者针对影响trans11C18∶1和Δ9去饱和酶的因素对CLA合成调控因素作了简要论述。     

牛乳脂共轭亚油酸的合成及其营养调控

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是存在于动物脂肪和乳脂中的天然活性成分。本文综述了牛乳脂CLA的来源、合成机制及其营养调控。     

气相色谱法检测牛乳中共轭亚油酸的研究

共轭亚油酸（CLA）主要存在于反刍动物乳制品中,本试验建立了气相色谱法检测CLA的方法,采集牛乳提取脂肪检测脂肪酸中CLA的含量,发现在试验条件下c9,t11-CLA占到总脂肪酸含量的1．25‰是CLA异构体的主要形式。