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<正>随着现代农业发展的多功能性,国家对农业发展的宏观调控和管理的要求更高了、更复杂了。美国、日本及欧盟各国,以及一些新兴工业化国家及地区,为了加强农业宏观管理的职能和适应国内外市场需要,都按现代农业的理念和建设进程对农业管理体制先后进行了调整和改革,不仅拓宽管理范围,还强化管理职能和手段,依法保护和支持农业产业,实行对农业产业链和乡村综合发展的全方位管理。目前,我国也有一些省份对农业管理体制进行了改革,把省经办、农业厅等有关涉农机构进行合并,组建了农业委员会,在实现"转变职能,理顺关系、精兵简政,提高效率"的道路上进行了有益探索。当前,我国面临着农业结构战略性调整和农民增收等艰巨而迫切任务,面临着与发达国家 相似文献
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近年来,我国不少地区为加快奶牛改良,从美国和加拿大购入部分精液及进口一些公牛。这些精液和公牛对我国黑白花奶牛的改良起了一定的作用。可是,在利用这些公牛或精液时存在着如何正确比较选用美国和加拿大公牛或精液的问题。首先可以肯定,加拿大和美国公牛的遗传评价不能直接比较。主要理由有二: (1)两国育种值估计体系的基础是具有不同遗传素质的集团(牛群)。加拿大的基准是根据19 相似文献
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加拿大国际发展署为帮助我国东北地区发展多种经营和提高农业产量的方针,1982年至1984年曾先后多次派加拿大专家到黑龙江省八五二农场进行建立人工草地发展畜牧业的可行性考察,确认在八五二农场发展一个奶牛、牧草和白浆土利用改良的综合系统,即建立一个综合的土壤—作物—家畜的草地农业示范典型。对我国东北地区、尤其是黑龙江垦区开发草业,发展畜牧业,贯彻中国发展农业的总方针具有十分 相似文献
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在中加可持续农业发展项目支持下,由新疆、内蒙古、甘肃、四川、湖南5位草业专业技术人员,自2008年9月6日~20日赴加拿大执行放牧管理派驻实习培训项目。培训由加拿大农业与农业食品部大草原农田改造管理局负责,实习地点在萨斯喀彻湿省激流市大草原农田改造管理局和社区牧场。通过学习和考察,系统掌握了加拿大草地管理的主要技术方法,共同编写了“奥弗涅怀斯·克里克社区牧场放牧管理计划”和“维尔玛社区牧场滨水区健康状况评估”实习报告,并进一步了解了加拿大畜牧业生产和草场保护的基本情况。 相似文献
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加拿大动物(包括家畜、家禽、野生动物、鱼以及蜂等)疾病的诊断服务工作主要是由联邦政府农业与食品部的动物疾病研究所、各省兽医服务实验室、高等兽医院校以及和人、兽医临床诊所共同构成一个完整的动物疾病诊断体系,为在加拿大消灭和控制一些危害严重的疾病和防止疾病从国外传入或扩散起了重要的作用,从而保证了加拿大畜牧业的发展。现将各级诊断机构和服务工作分述如下: 一、动物疾病研究所是农业与食品部直接领 相似文献
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土壤的退化,导致全球每年有200万至1200万公顷土地不再适合农业生产。加拿大也曾出现过农业和资源开发与保护的矛盾,20世纪30年代,由于耕地过度开垦,以及草原掠夺性利用,造成加拿大气候恶劣,草场沙化严重,沙尘暴频发。从20世纪50年代始,加拿大就开始保护性耕种的试验研究,经过近30年的示范推广,目前其保护性耕作农业面积占总耕地面积的70%以上。长期以来,加拿大依法严格管理土地资源的开发和保护,推行少耕、 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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