郑州城市园林植物群落物种多样性研究

采用典型抽样法,对郑州城市园林植物群落的种类组成和物种多样性进行了调查统计和分析。结果表明:1)3种不同类型绿地植物种类共计186种,隶属于72科133属;2)公园绿地的乔木层、灌木层和草本层物种α多样性指数均高于居住区绿地和道路绿地;3)公园绿地的β多样性指数均高于居住区绿地和道路绿地,居住区绿地和道路绿地之间的β多样性指数较小。针对郑州城市园林植物群落物种多样性的实际调查情况,提出加大乡土植物的运用,注意丰富季相景观和植物群落垂直结构层次的建议。     

廊坊市高等院校校园绿化现状及其分析

对廊坊市河北工业大学等4所高校的校园绿化现状、绿化植物种类、种数、校园绿化树种应用频率和校园群落物种丰富度等进行了调查和统计分析。建议高校校园的绿化应注意提高绿化植物的多样性,并实行立体绿化;校园绿化要坚持以人为本,发挥精神功能,使学生在潜移默化中得到熏陶;加强校园人文景观建设,要反映学校的文化内涵、学校类型及办学特色。     

广东外语外贸大学白云校区园林植物群落多样性调查与分析

指出了校园作为城市园林植物的避难所,对校园植物群落进行调查研究有一定的积极意义。对广东外语外贸大学白云校区典型植物群落进行取样调查,计算了样地的物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数,综合分析群落类型、种类密度、冠幅等对群落景观的影响。结果表明：该校区的绿地植物群落类型以常绿乔木为主,落叶乔木次之,部分群落结构简单,植物群落种植密度过高,群落物种中外来植物的比例较大,但绿地植物与植物区系特征基本一致。相对于湖南长沙中南大学的物种多样性较高、均匀度指数略低、丰富度指数基本持平,根据以上情况提出了优化园林植物群落结构、构建多样性植物群落的措施。     

多伦县沙地云杉混交林物种多样性研究

以多伦县沙地云杉林3条样带的群落调查数据为基础,研究了沙地云杉混交林的物种组成结构,分析了3个典型群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层的物种多样性。结果表明:沙地云杉混交林植物种类丰富,乔木层、灌木层、草本层共有植物71种,群落垂直结构分层明显;多伦县沙地云杉与白桦混交林物种多样性较丰富,在群落梯度上,群落Ⅰ为52种,群落Ⅱ为45种,群落Ⅲ为47种,物种丰富度指数大小顺序为群落Ⅰ>群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅱ;群落的物种多样性指数变化规律大致相同,均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;3个典型群落的物种均匀度指数变化规律基本一致,为乔木层最大,灌木层其次,草本层最小。通过对多伦县沙地云杉混交林物种多样性的研究,为加强沙地云杉生物多样性的保护和经营管理提供理论依据。     

深圳市立交绿地植物多样性及其叶面积指数研究

对深圳市部分立交绿地植物群落的物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数、群落林冠孔隙度和群落叶面积指数进行了比较分析。结果表明,深圳市立交绿地的植物物种丰富,但分布不均匀,多样性不够高;平均叶面积指数为3.05,属中等水平,但不同的立交绿地由于物种组成及结构的不同,其叶面积指数值有差异;平均林冠孔隙度为14.47,在保护较好的立交绿地具有较丰富的非林冠层乔木种类的幼苗。     

笔架山常绿阔叶林群落结构特征

分析了福建省龙岩市笔架山常绿阔叶林群落的种类组成、乔木种群的重要值、物种多样性、水平结构和垂直结构特征.该群落共有植物186种,隶属于75个科132属,物种种类丰富,是由多个种群共建的群落.在水平空间上,8个可能的共建种群均服从聚集分布;在垂直空间上层次分化明显,在群落垂直结构的5个层次中,乔木层第2亚层除物种丰富度外,其他各项物种多样性指标在各层次中是最大的;草本层的物种丰富度、多样性指数和种间相遇机率分居第2位,群落均匀度则居第3位;灌木层的物种丰富度居第1位,但群落均匀度最小;乔木层第1亚层除群落均匀度居第2位外,其他指标均最小;藤本的物种多样性各项指标要么居第3位,要么居第4位.结果还表明群落的Simpson指数和种间相遇机率(PIE)的数值几乎相等.     

河北农业大学东校区植物多样性分析及改善对策

为进一步了解高校绿化状况、合理建设生态校园,采取随机抽样的方法,对河北农业大学东校区的植物多样性现状进行多块标准样地的每木调查,并利用物种多样性指标计算方法,对校园内的植物多样性状况及乔灌草的组成进行统计分析,结果表明:校园内的绿化植物多样性水平偏低,绿地物种的多样性指数不高,群落的物种丰富度、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数反映出基本一致的趋势,即乔木层大于草本层大于灌木层;针对物种多样性水平偏低、绿化程度不均、生态功能不强、植物竖向配置与校园整体性原则不协调等问题,提出在校园绿化植物配置时应遵循整体性、生态性、文化性原则等建议。     

福建旗山国家森林公园4种典型桫椤集中分布群落特征

在福建旗山国家森林公园选取木荷+杉木-桫椤群落(M群落)、杉木-桫椤群落(S群落)、柳杉-桫椤群落(L群落)和枇杷叶紫珠+杉木-桫椤群落(P群落)等4种典型的桫椤集中分布群落为研究对象,通过布设样地开展群落调查,分析其群落物种组成及物种多样性特征。结果表明,研究区域4种桫椤群落内共有72种维管束植物,分属于43科66属,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层及层间植物分别有13种、32种、12种和21种。物种多样性分析结果表明,P群落的乔木层物种多样性指数和均匀度指数显著高于其他3种群落(P<0.05),L群落的层间层物种丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数总体上高于其他3种群落,不同群落的结构特征存在一定差异。     

山西好地方林场华北落叶松群落结构及物种多样性

通过在太岳山好地方林场接石沟地区设立标准样地进行调查取样,研究华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)人工林的群落结构和物种多样性。结果表明:1)好地方林场华北落叶松人工林样地中有维管束植物74种,隶属于32科60属,幼、中、近、成4个龄组群落垂直结构上植物种类分布均为草本层灌木层乔木层。2)乔木层以华北落叶松纯林为主,灌木层主要物种为蔷薇科和忍冬科植物,草本层优势种主要有蛇莓、大油芒、细叶薹草等。3)林龄的变化对物种组成和物种重要值的影响明显;幼、中、近、成4个龄组群落林下物种多样性指数、物种丰富度指数和均匀度指数均为草本层灌木层,成熟林中灌木层的多样性指数值最大,最稳定;近熟林中草本层的多样性指数值最大,最稳定。     

成都市部分公园木本植物多样性调查

对成都市不同类别的5个公园绿地进行抽样调查,对其物种组成、优势度与多样性指数等进行了统计和分析。调查表明:成都市公园绿地保存有较丰富的古老、珍稀树种资源;各公园乔木层优势度指数偏低,神仙树公园(社区公园)最高;以新益州公园物种多样性最为丰富。总体而言,乔木的多样性指数大于灌木。根据对物种多样性及乔木层优势度的分析,对各公园的群落组成、结构特点提出了改造建议。     

川中丘陵区防护林群落多样性研究

本文对川中丘陵地区主要防护林群落的物种多样性进行研究,结果表明：①该流域共有维管束植物55科,82属,88种,其科、属、种数与四川省乃至全国比较,官司河流域植物区系具有组成简单的特点;②物种丰富度,物种多样性和均匀度指数都是人工林低于天然次生林,纯林林分低于混交林分;③土壤pH值、土壤有机质、土层厚度和人为干扰是影响防护林群落多样性发育的重要制约因子,其中土壤pH值是主导因子,制约着本区防护林群浇的空间分布格局;④林木高度、郁闭度和灌、草层盖度与物种丰富度、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数相关密切,对群落多样性发育的影响较大;而林木胸径与群落多样性指数相关不明显,对群落多样发育的影响不大。     

Retention of aspen (Populus tremulae) at final cuttings - The effect of dead wood characteristics on saproxylic beetles

To preserve biodiversity in managed forest landscapes dead and living trees are retained at final cuttings. In the present study we evaluated the effect of these practices for saproxylic (wood-dependent) beetles inhabiting dead aspen trees (Populus tremulae). For saproxylic beetles, tree retention at final cuttings can be expected to be especially valuable for species adapted to sun-exposed dead wood, a substrate that only rarely occurs in well managed forest stands. Therefore, the current evaluation was conducted as a comparison of species richness, species density (number of species per sample), assemblage composition and occurrence of individual species between clear-cuts, where aspen trees were retained, and closed forest stands with aspen trees. The study was conducted in central Sweden and the beetles were sampled by sieving of bark from CWD (coarse woody debris) of aspen. There was no significant difference in rarefied species richness between forest and clear-cut sites. Species composition differed significantly between the two stand types. Generalized linear mixed-effects models predicted the species density to be 34% lower in CWD objects in forest sites than on clear-cuts. This pattern could partly be explained by differences in CWD diameter, decay class and bark types between the two stand types (clear-cut/forest). Stand type was a significant predictor of occurrence in individual CWD objects for 30% of analysed individual beetle species. For all species except one, the variable stand type predicted higher occurrence on clear-cuts than in forest stands. To conclude, our results demonstrate that retention of aspen on clear-cuts contributes to population recruitment of a different assemblage of species than CWD within stands.     

岩溶地区公路修建对景观物种流的影响研究

通过对湖南岩溶地区公路旁边的植被进行调查，以景观生态学原理为基础，对各样方的物种组成、物种多样性以及物种相似性进行分析比较，定量地研究岩溶地区公路修建对景观物种流的影响。结果表明，岩溶地区公路修建对景观物种流既有正面影响也有负面影响。由于公路建设对地表植被和土壤的大量破坏，使景观要素发生变化，致使景观斑块的比例结构发生变化，朝着多优势度的方向发展，从而有利于物种的流动；同时，公路作为大型构筑物，其在景观相邻组分之间增加了一道屏障，也起着阻碍物种流动的作用。     

华中神农架箭竹(Fargesia spathacea)群落之海拔多样性

通过对华中神农架海拔1500米至2600米之间11个箭竹样方的研究，阐述了箭竹群落物种丰富度，物种多样性，物种均匀性，生活型谱及群落类型的海拔变化。从最低样方(1680米)到最高样地(2570米)，微管束植物从30种降为7种，服从线性模型：Y=55.99-1.83X(R2=0.84，P<0.001)；物种多样性从3.18降为1.78，服从线性模型：Y=4.67-0.10X (R2=0.72，P=0.001；物种均匀度在0.83至0.99之间变化，但与海拔并不相关。在生活型谱中，一年生植物，地下芽植物和大高位芽树木的百分比随海拔升高而升高；灌木和中高位芽树木随海拔升高而降低；多年生草本和半灌木与海拔关系不大。箭竹群落可分为5种类型：常绿阔叶林下，落叶阔叶林下，温性针叶林下，寒温性针叶林与混交林下，纯箭竹林。     

Diversity and production of Ethiopian dry woodlands explained by climate- and soil-stress gradients

Dry woodlands cover about 14% of the total African land surface and represent about 25% of the natural vegetation. They are characterized by a seasonal climate, with a dry season of 4-7 months. Large parts of these ecosystems are degrading due to grazing, fire or exploitation by people. We studied species richness and productivity patterns of dry woodlands in Ethiopia. For such ecosystems, classic productivity and diversity hypotheses predict that species richness and productivity increase as the wet season length increases, and decrease when soil conditions create water stress. We inventoried and measured trees in 18 2-ha plots distributed in two sites, one higher altitude site with a shorter wet season than the lower altitude site. We found that the stand volume per hectare was lower in the site with a shorter wet season. Across all 18 plots we observed that stand volume decreased with soil water stress (estimated from texture and depth). This was in line with the prediction. The species richness was lower in the short-wet-season woodlands, but was unaffected by variation in soil conditions. This suggests that climate driven constraints (wet season length) set the limits to species richness, and not soil conditions. As far as we know, this study is one of the first studies that evaluated these productivity and diversity hypotheses for dry African woodlands.     

佳木斯市杏林湖公园植物群落数量特征分析

采用分层随机抽样方法对佳木斯市杏林湖公园的植物群落进行调查,并进行群落数量特征分析。结果表明:公园内共有维管植物46科105属124种,其中蕨类植物2科2属2种,裸子植物2科3属5种,被子植物42科100属117种。多样性分析表明物种丰富度指数(S)和多样性指数(H’)表现一致,均为:草本层>乔木层>灌木层;生态优势度指数(C)表现为灌木层>乔木层>草本层;均匀度指数(J)表现相反为乔木层>草本层>灌木层。建议今后在公园维护过程中加强抚育,加大灌木种类的引进力度,促进群落物种多样性的提高。     

华中神农架箭竹(Fargesia spathacea)群落之海拔多样性(英文)

通过对华中神农架海拔1500米至2600米之间11个箭竹样方的研究,阐述了箭竹群落物种丰富度,物种多样性,物种均匀性,生活型谱及群落类型的海拔变化。从最低样方(1680米)到最高样地(2570米),微管束植物从30种降为7种,服从线性模型:Y=55.991.83X(R2=0.84,P<0.001);物种多样性从3.18降为1.78,服从线性模型:Y=4.670.10X (R2=0.72,P=0.001;物种均匀度在0.83至0.99之间变化,但与海拔并不相关。在生活型谱中,一年生植物,地下芽植物和大高位芽树木的百分比随海拔升高而升高;灌木和中高位芽树木随海拔升高而降低;多年生草本和半灌木与海拔关系不大。箭竹群落可分为5种类型:常绿阔叶林下,落叶阔叶林下,温性针叶林下,寒温性针叶林与混交林下,纯箭竹林。图4表2参19。     

广西桦木属树种资源现状与发展对策

广西桦木属树种有西南桦、光皮桦、南桦3种,人工规模造林仅西南桦和光皮桦.通过广泛调查,分析广西桦木属资源现状,提出选择良种、培育壮苗、选择适宜地区造林、精细整地、施肥、合理混交的丰产栽培技术,并对提高桦木栽培技术,提出了发展对策.     

Stand development patterns of forest cover types in the natural forests of northern Baekdudaegan in South Korea

The purpose of this study was to classify current forest cover types,and to investigate stand development patterns for natural forests in six areas in northern Baekdudaegan,South Korea.Twenty-eight independent forest communities were aggregated into eight forest cover types by species composition in the overstory of each forest community.The forest cover types were of mixed mesophytic,‘‘others’ ’ deciduous,Quercus mongolica dominant,Q.mongolica pure,Pinus densiflora–Q.mongolica,P.densiflora,Betula ermanii,and Q.mongolica–P.koraiensis.The ecological information was organized by importance value and species diversity for each forest type.Based on the correlation between species diversity index and the abundance of Q.mongolica plus P.densiflora for corresponding forest cover types,we compared the developmental process and approximate successional pathway between each cover type.The P.densiflora forest cover type changes into the P.densiflora–Q.mongolica cover type,followed by the Q.mongolica dominant cover type through continuous invasion of the oak trees.Furthermore,the Q.mongolica pure cover type would spread toward the Q.mongolica dominant cover type with a mixture of various deciduous tree species.The Q.mongolica dominant cover type progresses through the other deciduous cover types to the mixed mesophytic cover type with diversified composition and structure.On the mid to lower slopes,with loamy soils and good moisture conditions,various deciduous forest types should progress,by ecological succession,toward the mixed mesophytic cover type without any further disturbance.     

Distribution and composition of carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities across the plantation forest cycle—Implications for management

If national afforestation targets are met, the proportion of area under plantation forest cover in Ireland will almost double by the year 2030 to 17%, and will consist of mostly non-native trees. There is an urgent and vital need to assess and to maximise the biodiversity potential of these forests. This study compares carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) composition and assemblage patterns across different stages of the forest cycle, in addition to intensive grassland habitats, the habitat the plantation forest will most likely be replacing. The clearfell habitat had the highest median species richness, while the grassland habitat had the highest species diversity, but lowest species dominance. Ordination analysis revealed that the species assemblages of all stages of the forest cycle could be clearly separated from the grassland habitat, while differences were also observed between forest stages. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the most significant factors influencing carabid community composition were percent cover of ground vegetation and mosses, and also percent soil moisture. Differences in species with varying physical traits and microhabitat preferences were also observed between habitats, with larger, brachypterous species positively associated with increasing canopy cover and smaller macropterous species displaying the opposite pattern. The presence and abundance of forest-associated species increased with increasing plantation age, with a corresponding decrease in open habitat-associated and generalist species. The results of this study suggest that at the landscape scale, a variety of different aged forest stands would maximise the biodiversity potential of the planned afforestation.