马铃薯组培苗液体静置培养微繁技术研究

在固体组织培养的研究基础上，改进培养组成成分进行液体静置培养。本从水，糖，琼脂对组培苗生长，增殖及培养成本三个进行了研究。     

卡拉胶和琼脂为固定物对马铃薯脱毒组培苗生长的影响

本文讨论了卡拉胶和琼脂为固定物，对马铃薯脱毒组培苗生长的影响。用卡拉胶培养的组培苗生长明显快于琼脂培养基的组培苗，且生产成本低     

固定物对马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长的影响

用食品工业三种凝胶 (琼脂、卡拉胶、魔芋粉 )为固定物 ,培养马铃薯脱毒试管苗 ,研究其对组培苗生长的影响。用魔芋粉培养的组培苗生长明显快于琼脂、卡拉胶培养基的组培苗 ,且苗粗壮 ,生产成本低。     

卡拉胶和琼脂为固定物对马铃薯脱毒组培苗生长的影响

本文讨论了卡拉胶和琼脂为固定物，对马铃薯毒素且培苗生长的影响。用卡拉胶培养的组培苗生长明显快于琼脂培养基的组培苗，且生长成本低。     

剥粒菠萝工厂化育苗的研究：Ⅱ.培养基的简化

利用井水代替蒸馏水,食用白糖代替化学纯蔗糖,以及不加琼脂作支持物进行液体浅层培养等简化处理,可使培养基的配制成本下降58.19%,瓶苗生产成本下降33.71%.简化处理对缩短芽诱导始发期、增加增殖苗数以及根生长和壮苗培养等还有一定程度的促进作用.     

不同培养条件对罗汉果组培苗玻璃化的影响

以广西壮族自治区药用植物园培育的罗汉果新品种永青1号组培苗为研究对象,探讨组织培养过程中蔗糖浓度、琼脂浓度、6-BA浓度、培养温度以及光照时间对罗汉果组培苗玻璃化的影响。结果表明,适于罗汉果组培苗最大增殖及玻璃化最低的培养条件为：接种于4.5g/L琼脂、25g/L蔗糖、0.5mg/L6-BA的MS基本培养基,并于26℃,12h/d（日光灯,2000lx）的条件中培养。     

二乔杜鹃组培苗生根培养体系的优化研究

[目的】对二乔杜鹃（Rhododendron spp.ev.Erqiaodujuan）组培苗生根培养进行优化分析。【方法】以二乔杜鹃组培苗为材料,通过正交试验法研究基本培养基、NAA、IBA和蔗糖对二乔杜鹃组培苗生根培养的影响。【结果】二乔杜鹃生根培养的优化培养基为1／4WPM＋NAA1．5mg／1．＋IBA0．5mg／L＋蔗糖10g／L＋琼脂6g／L,生根率可达89．50％;移栽后试管苗正常生长。【结论】该研究可为二乔杜鹃的快繁提供科学依据,并为其他名贵杜鹃和濒危杜鹃等的繁育、保护和利用提供技术参考。     

甘薯脱毒苗工厂化生产关键技术再研究

选用当地大面积推广的优良甘薯品种进行茎尖离体及脱毒苗工厂化生产试验。结果表明，附加２ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ以０．５ｇ／１００ｇ琼脂固化的ＭＳ培养基为最佳诱导分化培养基；茎尖接种后１２－１８ｄ转移到不加任何激素的ＭＳ培养基中培养，成苗率最高；经过８次１０次继代快繁，组培苗可一次性移栽于土壤经过消毒处理的温室，移栽成活率可达９５％以上 。     

苎麻高效脱效菌株T85—260培养技术研究

本文对近期选育出的苎麻高效脱胶菌株Ｔ８５－２６０的培养技术进行了系统的研究。结果表明，葡萄糖营养琼脂斜面１４小时即长成丰满菌苔。该菌株适宜生长ｐＨ为６．０￣８．０，最适生长ｐＨ６．５￣７．０，ｐＨ≥９．０或≤５．０时，活菌量仍有少许增加；最适生长温度为３７℃，最高生长温度在４０￣４２℃。液态培养采用面粉无机盐培养基，适量通气培养６￣７小时即可获得满意的效果。     

甘蔗组培苗继代增殖的浅层培养

甘蔗组织培养技术的应用为甘蔗品种的快速繁殖和良种推广提供了有效的手段,而浅层培养作为植物组培技术的一种,可为完善甘蔗组培苗增殖培养提供不同的解决途径,在不降低增殖效果的前提下,降低培养基的使用量,从而降低生产成本。本试验在使用相同配方[MS液体培养基(30 g/L的蔗糖＋1 mg/L 6-BA＋0.1 mg/L NAA)pH 6.0]、不同容量的培养基对甘蔗组培苗进行增殖培养,并观察对比其增殖效果,以确认浅层培养是否具有较好的增殖效果。结果表明：在增殖F2～F5代的培养中,果酱瓶中加入10 mL容量的液体培养基较常用的20 mL容量的液体培养基增殖效果明显。     

Potato micropropagation: Growth of cultivars in solid and liquid media

Summary The effect of liquid and solid media on the growth of micropropagated potato shoots (cvs Spunta, Kennebec and Huinkul) was studied in relation to the availability of nutrients and water in the culture medium. Nitrogen and sugar assimilation in the shoot and the water content of the shoots were evaluated. The water content of the plant tissues was not affected by the physical state of the medium. The liquid medium caused a greater accumulation of dry matter in the shoot without changing assimilate partition. The liquid medium increased shoot growth without affecting the number of nodes. The higher growth rate of shoots in liquid medium was correlated with increases in their organic nitrogen and sugar contents, indicating that nutrient assimilation was favoured in liquid media.     

土壤解磷细菌分离和筛选方法的建立

以有机磷细菌培养基和无机磷细菌培养基为基本培养基,利用液体培养基进行生物富集,然后通过平板稀释法进行分离筛选,共获得107个菌株.结果表明,以有机磷细菌液体培养基为富集培养基,以无机磷细菌固体培养基为筛选培养基,可以有效地从土壤中分离筛选到解磷菌,初步建立起快速有效筛选解磷菌的体系;固体及液体培养条件下解磷能力的测定结果表明,筛选出的解磷菌有较强的解磷能力,进一步验证了此体系的可行性.     

Eu2O3及其添加方式对马铃薯愈伤组织的诱导

以马铃薯幼嫩茎段为外植体,在相同激素条件下,于固体和液体培养基中附加不同浓度的氧化铕,探讨氧化铕的浓度及添加方式对马铃薯愈伤组织诱导及生长的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的氧化铕对马铃薯愈伤组织的诱导和生长的影响不同。统计学分析结果表明：固体培养基中氧化铕浓度为20.0~35.0 mg/L时,液体-固体双层培养时固体培养基中氧化铕浓度为10.0 ~ 30.0 mg/L时,液体-固体双层培养时液体培养基中氧化铕浓度为20.0~40.0 mg/L时,3种情况均适合马铃薯愈伤组织的诱导及生长。氧化铕在液体培养基中存在     

甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养试管苗的保存和壮苗技术

以甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养再生植株为材料,研究多效唑在试管苗继代和移栽中的应用.试验发现多效唑能明显抑制油菜试管苗的株高.经0.325mg/l多效唑处理的试管苗壮苗作用最明显,后期移栽方便,成活率提高.在添加多效唑的斜面培养基中多次添加液体培养基可免除继代工作,并且将试管苗保存时间延长到144d以上.     

Increased induction of embryogenesis and regeneration in anther cultures ofSolanum tuberosum L.

Summary A new method is presented for anther culture. Anthers are cultivated on cubes of solid medium, surrounded by liquid medium. This allows changes of media composition at any time. When embryos or callus were produced, the liquid initiation medium was removed and replaced with regeneration medium. The best yield of embryos and the best regeneration frequency were obtained when the initiation medium contained 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Regeneration of shoots from callus was stimulated on double layer medium, with the callus placed on top of a solid medium, partly submerged in the overlaying liquid medium. The best gelling agent for shoot multiplication media was agarose, but gellan gum was a good alternative. Both the production of flower buds and embryogenesis in anther cultures was inhibited by an increased concentration of CO₂ in the air surrounding the donor plants.     

Influence of high solid concentrations on enzymatic wheat gluten hydrolysis and resulting functional properties

Enzymatic hydrolysis at increased solid concentrations is beneficial with regard to energy and water consumption. This study examines the influence of the solid concentration on the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat gluten and the resulting functional properties of the hydrolysate. Wheat gluten was mildly hydrolyzed at a solid concentration varying from 10% to 60% to degrees of hydrolysis (DH%) ranging from 3.2% to 10.2%. The gluten was susceptible to hydrolysis at all solid concentrations but the hydrolysis rate was influenced by increasing solid concentrations. Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography revealed an increase in the ratio of peptides with a molecular mass >25 kDa for solid concentrations of 40% and 60%. The water solubility increased on hydrolysis and was independent of the solid concentration during proteolysis. The foam stability was not influenced by the solid concentration at low DH%. At DH% higher than 8%, high solid concentrations increased the foam stability, which might be related to the presence of more peptides with a molecular mass >25 kDa. In addition, we found increased reactor productivity. The results show the potential of hydrolyzing wheat gluten at high solid concentrations, which could lead to large savings for water and energy when applied industrially.     

一株木薯生淀粉糖化酶菌株的分离及酶学性质研究

从腐烂的木薯中分离得到1株降解生淀粉能力较强的菌株ITBB FC2,经形态学鉴定和18S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定属于黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）。该菌株用2％生木薯粉培养基摇瓶,37 ℃,200 r/min培养3 d后,发酵液葡萄糖含量为970 mg/L,生淀粉酶活力为495.04 U/mL。采用固体产酶培养基（麸皮 ∶ 水=1 ∶ 1）培养,所得酶活力为6 330 U/g。酶反应最适pH为4.0~5.0。Ca2+对酶活力有一定的促进作用。     

淡紫拟青霉E7菌株固体放大发酵产孢培养基和工艺条件研究

为探讨淡紫拟青霉E7菌株固体放大发酵因子间的关系以获得大量孢子用于田间试验,通过正交试验设计优化固体发酵培养基成分和培养条件组合,并测定外加碳源、氮源、无机盐和装料方式对产孢量的影响。结果表明：以玉米粉+甘蔗渣+麸皮+壳聚糖组成的正交2号配方为最佳复合培养基质,分生孢子产量达7.13×109个/g,以发酵液pH+液相发酵终点+温度+初始含水量组成的正交4号配方为优适培养条件,分生孢子产量达8.97×109个/g;该菌株在优化后的培养基配方中添加0.4％蔗糖、0.2％蛋白胨、0.002％硫酸锰,以双层纱布袋装料按优化后的培养条件放大培养,产孢量最高可达到8.22×1010个/g。优化后的E7菌株发酵产孢培养基基质用量少,发酵成本低,适合于固体放大发酵生产淡紫拟青霉孢子。     

甘蓝型油菜小孢子培养中几项技术改进

以大田种植的2个半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种为供体材料,对游离小孢子培养的合适时期、加倍方法、再生苗的继代与移栽技术进行了研究.结果表明:小孢子培养的最佳时期为初花期前后2周左右,游离小孢子经过含有50mg/L或75mg/L秋水仙碱的NLN-16培养基直接处理48h效果最好,其产胚率和加倍效率均显著高于未加秋水仙碱的对照.在固体B5培养基中加入4.5mg/L多效唑并补充液体B5-3培养基,再生苗可不需继代.在固体B5培养基或者补充养分的液体B5-3培养基中加入低浓度的0.5mg/L NAA 0.1mg/L 6-BA,直接移栽到大田的再生苗成活率可以达到90%以上.     

Extended shelf-life of liquid fermentation derived talc formulations of Trichoderma harzianum with the addition of glycerol in the production medium

Liquid fermentation based formulations of Trichoderma spp. are vulnerable to desiccation compared to solid state fermentation based formulations. The effect of the addition of glycerol, an osmoticant in the production medium on the shelf-life of Trichoderma harzianum was studied. The addition of glycerol at 3, 6 or 9% reduced the water activity in the medium. Both in shaker culture and fermentor, the addition of glycerol in production medium prolonged the shelf-life of talc formulation. The addition of glycerol at 3 and 6% extended the shelf-life (with viability of >2 × 10⁶ CFU g⁻¹) to 7 and 12 months, respectively compared to 4-5 months shelf-life in formulations derived without the addition of glycerol. Regression analysis showed that there was positive correlation between colony forming unit (CFU) and water activity. In bio-efficacy tests, even after storage for 12 months, formulations derived with the addition of glycerol at 3 or 6% in the production medium could protect the tomato plants from Fusarium wilt incidence by 44-50%. The use of addition of osmoticants in production medium for enhancing the shelf-life of liquid fermentation derived fungal formulations is discussed.