甘肃省永靖县羊血液原虫病流行病学调查

1998～ 2 0 0 0年对永靖县血液原虫病进行了流行病学等调查 ,查明其病原为羊泰勒虫和绵羊无浆体 ;该病流行于东部和西南山区 7乡 38村。羊泰勒虫感染率为 5 0 .1% ,1岁以上与 1岁以内羊感染率分别为 2 5 .4%、5 5 .9% ;绵羊无浆体感染率为 5 9.6 % ,1岁以上与 1岁以内羊感染率分别为 5 0 .9%、6 1.7% ;发病季节为 3～ 5月份 ;发病年龄为 1岁 (含 1岁 )内羔羊 ,尤以 2～ 5月龄羔羊发病率最高 ,有的高达 6 3.9% ,致死率达 5 7.8%。绵、山羊发病率无差异。调查发现流行区蜱种有革蜱属、血蜱属和璃眼蜱属 3属 4种 ,共采集鉴定 15 45只 (森林革蜱 5 86只 ,草原革蜱 39只 ,青海血蜱 2 6 8只 ,麻点璃眼蜱 6 42只 )。青海血蜱和森林革蜱为流行区羊体寄生的广布种。羊泰勒虫传播媒介为青海血蜱 ,绵羊无浆体传媒为草原革蜱。麻点璃眼蜱在我县属首次报道     

道县山羊消化道线虫病病原学调查

作者结合道县不同地理环境和山羊养殖规模,选择了其中5个镇作为试点,对不同年龄山羊消化道线虫流行情况进行了调查,结果显示山羊感染有10种线虫,其中蛇行毛圆线虫、捻转血矛线虫、仰口线虫4种(类)为感染的优势虫种,绝大多数为2～5种(类)线虫混合感染,占85.9％,以1～3月龄幼羊感染率(97％)最高.     

典型草原的轮牧方式对绵羊蠕虫病流行病学的影响

为了初步了解内蒙古中部地区典型草原的轮牧方式对绵羊主要蠕虫病流行病学是否有影响以及常用抗蠕虫药的驱虫效果,试验在西乌珠穆沁旗巴彦花镇地区进行了绵羊群主要蠕虫病流行病学调查及驱虫效果比较试验。首先针对试验区域不同草场类型和放牧方式划分采样点,随机采集一定数量绵羊新鲜粪样,采用寄生虫学粪便虫卵定性和定量检查法对各样品的虫卵种类和数量进行检测。在掌握该地区绵羊蠕虫病流行情况和优势虫种的基础上,选取一定数量的感染程度较强的绵羊,给予伊维菌素、阿苯达唑、双羟萘酸噻嘧啶、硝碘酚腈以及盐酸左旋咪唑等驱虫药进行驱虫效果比较试验。结果表明:该地区绵羊群消化系统蠕虫总感染率为73.5%,其中线虫感染率为70.9%,绦虫感染率为3.5%,吸虫感染率为0.6%。草场类型对该地区绵羊蠕虫感染率的影响不大,其线虫、绦虫和吸虫的感染率分别为40.3%～59.1%、1.5%～3.4%和0～1.7%。放牧方式对绵羊蠕虫感染率有明显影响,轮牧和定居放牧方式绵羊线虫的感染率分别为37.8%和72.5%,绦虫的感染率分别为1.5%和2.4%,吸虫的感染率分别为1.2%和0.6%。伊维菌素已完全失去对绵羊消化道线虫的驱虫作用,阿苯达唑和双羟萘酸噻嘧啶的驱虫效果亦很差,而硝碘酚腈和盐酸左旋咪唑对线虫具有较强的驱虫效果。说明西乌珠穆沁旗巴彦花镇地区绵羊消化道线虫感染比较严重,且所流行的优势虫种已对目前广泛应用的伊维菌素和阿苯达唑均产生了高度耐药性,轮牧方式对绵羊线虫病具有积极的预防作用。     

新疆乌鲁木齐地区绵羊丝状网尾线虫的流行病学研究

绵羊丝状网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus filaria)即肺丝虫是引起绵羊肺线虫病的主要病原,我国主要分布在西北地区,新疆是高发区,对畜牧业经济的发展有着重大的影响。2004年4月至2005年4月,对新疆乌鲁木齐地区的绵羊丝状网尾线虫流行病学做了较为详细的研究。通过12个月连续调查发现,在检查的643只绵羊中丝状网尾线虫的感染率为37.38%,感染强度(每10g粪便)为1～300条,较1975年～1988年新疆统计的丝状网尾线虫的感染率和感染强度均有所下降。此次调查发现,从12月份至来年的3月份绵羊丝状网尾线虫的感染率和感染强度均比较高。对此以及一些相关的问题进行了讨论分析并提出了有效的防治措施。     

绵羊肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解河南省绵羊肠道寄生虫感染情况,应用寄生虫常规检测方法对5个规模化养羊场共1265份粪样进行了寄生虫感染情况调查。结果显示,共检出虫卵和卵囊5类,其中原虫2类(球虫、隐孢子虫)、线虫2类（类圆线虫、鞭虫）、绦虫1类。本次调查中共发现1178份粪便样品为寄生虫阳性,寄生虫总感染率为93.12％(1178／1265),5个绵羊场的隐孢子虫平均感染率为3.10％,球虫平均感染率为88.94％,鞭虫平均感染率为10.83％,类圆线虫平均感染率为59.11％,绦虫平均感染率为43.96%。本次调查发现绵羊寄生虫混合感染现象比较严重,其中球虫、绦虫和类圆线虫混合感染的比例达到60.10％;绵羊寄生虫感染率呈现随着年龄的增长而减少的趋势。     

化隆县牛羊寄生虫区系调查

采用寄生虫学完全剖检法对化隆县谢家滩乡12只绵羊、6头牦牛进行寄生虫种类和数量的调查。结果表明:牦牛调查发现线虫9种、绦虫蚴1种和牛皮蝇蛆,单体荷虫数为77条,优势虫种为普通奥斯特线虫(Ostertagia.Cricumcincta),感染率为100%,感染强度为20(9～28)。绵羊调查发现线虫19种、绦虫2种、绦虫蚴1种、吸虫2种和羊鼻蝇蛆,单体荷虫数为405条,优势虫种为普通奥斯特线虫(0.Cricumcincta)和蒙古马歇尔线虫(Marshallagia.mongodica),感染率均为100%,感染强度分别是45(14～120)和133(13～285)。     

巴州部分地区绵羊棘球蚴病流行情况调查

为了解巴州地区绵羊棘球蚴病流行情况,在该地区4个县的4个牛羊屠宰场总共调查了2 579只绵羊。结果表明:被调查的2 579只绵羊中感染棘球蚴的有426只,整体感染率为16.52%,整体包囊数为1 970个,整体感染强度为4.62。分析数据发现,4个牛羊屠宰场中棘球蚴病感染率最高的是和静县晟鑫牛羊肉屠宰场,调查的绵羊中2岁以上的棘球蚴病感染率高达81.08%,肝肺混合感染的感染率和感染强度最高。     

南方山地牧场绵羊消化道线虫感染情况调查及虫卵季节动态的观察

本文对湖南南山牧场绵羊消化道线虫的感染情况进行了调查，并通过定期粪检观察了虫卵的季节消长动态。经查明，绵羊消化道线虫总的感染率为96．0％，平均EPG为27．3个(1～381个)；线虫共8种(类)，感染率分别为捻转血矛线虫60．0％、食道口线虫64．0％、仰口线虫68．0％、夏伯特线虫74．0％、毛圆线虫58．0％、类圆线虫44．0％、奥斯特线虫42．0％、细颈线虫12．0％，以前5种(类)为优势种(类)；阳性羊中，多为2种(类)以上线虫合并感染，其中又以4～5种(类)线虫合并感染居多。定期粪检表明，绵羊粪中虫卵总数有明显的季节消长规律，全年中出现两个高峰期，即2月呈一小的高峰，6～8月出现大的高峰(夏季高峰)，但有些种(类)线虫的消长与总的消长规律不尽一致。     

绵羊捻转血矛线虫流行病学调查及耐药性检测

为调查乌审旗地区捻转血矛线虫感染及耐药性情况,通过粪便中虫卵定性定量及剖检法对乌审旗不同地区的绵羊进行捻转血矛线虫感染情况调查,并开展了驱虫效果比较试验。结果表明,该地区绵羊捻转血矛线虫病流行比较严重,平均感染率和平均感染强度分别为89%和416.92×200个/g,捻转血矛线虫对伊维菌素注射剂和阿苯达唑片剂产生了严重的耐药性。     

2018年内蒙古察右后旗绵羊捻转血矛线虫流行病学调查及耐药性检测

为了解草原放牧绵羊捻转血矛线虫流行情况及目前常用驱虫药物的耐药情况,2018年3—10月,根据不同草场类型、不同养殖模式,在内蒙古乌兰察布市察右后旗贲红、白音察干、大陆号、锡林郭勒、土牧尔台5个地区选择16个牧场,每个牧场随机选择15只绵羊,共240只,进行绵羊捻转血矛线虫检测,发现绵羊捻转血矛线虫平均感染率为75%,平均感染强度为14.8×200个/g;选取6个牧场的感染率和感染强度都较大的绵羊进行驱虫试验,发现有5个牧场的绵羊捻转血矛线虫对阿苯达唑和伊维菌素产生了较强的耐药性。调查结果表明,察右后旗的绵羊捻转血矛线虫流行较为普遍,羊群感染较为严重,且对阿苯达唑、伊维菌素产生了不同程度的耐药性。结果提示,加强捻转血矛线虫的耐药性监测,研发新的驱虫药物,优化驱虫措施,防止盲目用药,同时加强饲养管理,改善圈舍和牧地环境卫生,依然是有效防控绵羊捻转血矛线虫的重要途径。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.