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2009年郧县玉米种植面积1.6万hm2,是郧县的主要粮食作物之一.玉米大斑病发生面积7.33hm2,发病面积占种植面积的45.8%,大斑病造成的损失达到8000t,发生严重的地块病株率达到100%,病情指数达到90%以上,减产幅度达到60%以上.近年来,玉米大斑病逐年加重为害,已成为制约玉米生产的主要障碍. 相似文献
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湘西自治州位于湖南西部,柑橘生产是本州的优势产业。近年来,本州柑橘上的一种次要害虫——柑橘粉虱[Dialeurodes citri(Ashmead)]为害逐年加重,局部地区橘园暴发成灾,给广大橘农造成了重大损失。为此,笔者对该虫在本州的发生为害现状及发生规律,进行了调查研究,分析其为害逐年加重原因,并提出相应的防治对策。1发生为害情况据调查,柑橘粉虱于1998年在吉首市开始零星发生,随后其为害逐年加重,目前已上升为柑橘主要害虫,到2002年,该虫已在湘西自治州范围内普遍发生,为害柑橘面积1.6万hm2。2005年为害严重,发生面积达2.1万hm2,局部约150hm2橘… 相似文献
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玉米螟是山东省平阴县玉米最主要的害虫,为害较轻的年份,一般产量损失5%~10%,为害较重的年份产量损失可达20%~30%。20世纪90年代发生较重,但近年来发生逐年减轻,造成的损失也逐年减少。笔者对玉米螟近10年来的发生情况进行了总结,经对影响玉米螟发生因素的仔细分析,找出了发生规律和近年来玉米螟发生较轻的原因。1近年发生情况据1995~2004年的系统观察(表1),本县1995、1996、1997、2000年玉米螟越冬基数较高,其他年份较低。一代玉米螟卵自1996年开始呈逐年降低趋势;二代卵和三代幼虫量也呈逐年降低趋势。总的来看,自1998年以来本县玉米螟… 相似文献
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玉米螟在江汉平原主要为害玉米。近年来 ,随着种植业结构的调整 ,玉米螟对棉花的危害逐年加大。在我市 ,玉米螟第一、二代分别于 6月中旬和 7月中旬前后迁入棉田为害棉花。幼虫从棉株顶部、叶柄基部、分枝或主茎中上部钻蛀入内为害 ,主茎被蛀后 ,上部逐渐枯萎死亡。第三代玉米螟 8月中旬前后发生 ,除蛀茎为害外 ,还为害青铃 ,造成青铃僵烂或脱落。一般长势好或靠近玉米种植区的棉花受害较重。1 防治技术(1)处理玉米、高梁等秸杆残体 ,压低越冬基数。同时 ,加强对玉米上玉米螟的防治 ,减轻下代转移为害。 (2 )推广种植抗虫品种。当前在我市… 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物(源)农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d(2.2 mg/g)、1.393 d(2.2 mg/g)和6.645 d(40.0×107孢子/g)、4.940 d(2.0×107孢子/g), 这两种生物(源)农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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