中国西门塔尔牛前肢肌肉组织学和理化特性的研究

本试验对中国西门塔尔牛前肢肌肉（冈上肌、冈下肌和臂三头肌）进行组织学特性研究和理化指标的测定。结果表明,不同肌肉因素对肉品的颜色、pH、失水率的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对剪切力、脂肪、蛋白质、水分、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度和肌纤维横截面积有着显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的影响。研究丰富了中国西门塔尔牛前肢肌肉肉品品质性状的数据资料。     

生长育肥猪胴体品质和肉质演变规律的研究

以长×荣杂交猪为对象 ,研究营养水平和性别对生长育肥猪胴体品质和肉质演变规律的影响。设高低两个营养水平 ,分别为 2 0、35、5 0、80、10 0kg进行屠宰试验 ,测定了公母猪肌肉水分、肌间脂肪、失水率、肉色、肌纤维面积、胶原蛋白、次黄嘌呤随体重的变化规律。试验结果证明 ,2 0～5 0kg阶段 ,高低水平组间水分、失水率、肌间脂肪差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,5 0～ 10 0kg阶段出现分化 ,到 10 0kg屠宰时 ,高低水平组水分、失水率差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;肌间脂肪差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;肌纤维面积生长规律呈“S”型 ,35～ 5 0kg时生长速度最大 ,5 0～ 80kg时下降 ,80～ 10 0kg又上升 ;胶原蛋白、次黄嘌呤随体重增加而升高 ,到 80kg时含量趋于稳定 ,高低水平间无显著差异(P >0 .0 5 ) ;全期高低水平间肉色差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;性别对肌间内脂肪和失水率影响较大 ,10 0kg时 ,失水率公母间差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,肌间脂肪差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

寒泊肉羊与小尾寒羊产肉性能及肉品质比较

为了分析寒泊肉羊产肉性能和肉品质,以小尾寒羊为对照,对寒泊肉羊屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积等屠宰性能、大理石花纹评分、剪切力、肉色、肌纤维直径、肌内脂肪含量和氨基酸含量等肉品质指标进行了测定。结果表明:寒泊肉羊160日龄胴体重和屠宰率分别为30.29 kg和60.82%,净肉重(24.29 kg vs 20.16 kg)、胴体净肉率(80.19%vs 76.25%)、眼肌面积(19.60 cm2vs 14.66 cm2)、GR(1.27 cm vs 0.78 cm)均显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.05),肩颈部和后腿净肉率均显著大于小尾寒羊(72.47%vs 67.61%,P=0.019;76.62%vs 71.78%,P=0.015),肋部和腰部净肉率无显著差异(P0.05)。后腿总重和胸下肉总重均极显著大于小尾寒羊(P0.01),分别比小尾寒羊提高了25.51%和58.44%,其他部位总重均无显著差异(P0.05)。寒泊肉羊羔羊肉大理石花纹评分、剪切力和肉色均显著优于小尾寒羊(P0.05),背最长肌肌纤维直径比小尾寒羊细(27.28!m vs 29.86!m)(P0.01),背最长肌、股二头肌粗脂肪含量均不同程度高于小尾寒羊。小尾寒羊羔羊肉牛磺酸含量极显著高于寒泊肉羊(P0.01),其余17种氨基酸含量无显著差(P0.05)。寒泊肉羊羔羊肉中与鲜味有关的5种氨基酸(甘氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸和谷氨酸)含量均高于小尾寒羊,除赖氨酸和色氨酸外,其余6种人体必需氨基酸在寒泊羊肉中的含量均高于小尾寒羊。     

乾华肉用美利奴羊与小尾寒羊背最长肌营养成分比较研究

本研究旨在对乾华肉用美利奴羊(暂定名)和小尾寒羊背最长肌的营养成分进行比较分析。将乾华肉用美利奴羊和小尾寒羊屠宰后测定其背最长肌中基本营养成分、氨基酸含量、脂肪酸含量以及肌纤维直径。结果表明:乾华肉用美利奴羊背最长肌组织蛋白质含量高于小尾寒羊(P0.05),脂肪含量显著低于小尾寒羊(P0.05);乾华肉用美利奴羊背最长肌组织中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、半必需氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸含量均显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.05);乾华肉用美利奴羊背最长肌组织中含有23种脂肪酸,小尾寒羊背最长肌组织中含有22种脂肪酸,且C22:1 n9、C18:2 n6、C18:3 n6、C22:6 n6和C10:0在乾华肉用美利奴羊背最长肌组织中含量显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.05);乾华肉用美利奴羊必需氨基酸评分、总不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比值以及多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比值均高于小尾寒羊;乾华肉用美利奴羊背最长肌肌纤维直径极显著低于小尾寒羊(P0.01)。综上可知,乾华肉用美利奴羊肌肉营养价值丰富均衡,肉用性能优于小尾寒羊。     

BMY牛肩峰肉产量及肉质特性研究

[目的]测定BMY牛肩峰的产肉量及分析其肉质特性.[方法]对经过短期育肥至15月龄左右(平均15.0±0.52月龄)的24头BMY公牛进行屠宰,测定了其肩峰肉的重量和肉质特性,并从肌肉的肌纤维特征(肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度)、肉质(嫩度、pH值、失水率和系水力,以及熟肉率)、养分(初水分、肌内脂肪、粗蛋白和粗灰分)含量和...     

放牧与舍饲松辽黑猪胴体性能和肉质品质的比较

选择生长发育良好25 kg左右的松辽黑猪60头,随机分为两组,进行放牧与舍饲饲养。当体重达到100 kg左右时进行屠宰,测定两种饲养条件下的胴体性能和肉质品质。结果表明:放牧组背膘厚与板油率低于舍饲组,差异显著(P0.05)。放牧组肌纤维直径与肌纤维间隙高于舍饲组,差异显著(P0.05)。放牧组大理石纹评分、熟肉率、肌内脂肪、失水率、滴水损失、剪切力与舍饲组差异显著(P0.05)。放牧可显著影响松辽黑猪的肌肉品质。     

不同杂交组合肉羊肉质评定及肉中重金属、农药残留检测试验研究

引进无角陶塞特、波德代、萨福克种公羊,与当地河西蒙古羊、小尾寒羊进行杂交,以河西蒙古羊为对照,对6月龄杂交一代羊的肉品质和重金属、农药残留进行了检测研究。结果表明,其杂交一代羔羊生产的羊肉,肉色分值在3.50～3.80之间,肉色正常;大理石纹分值在3.15～3.86之间,表明肌间脂肪含量适中;肉品24h后的pH值在5.17～5.84之间,符合鲜肉标准;熟肉率在59.98%～60.92%之间,出品率较高,肉品失水率在18.22%～20.62%之间,保水性能突出;肌纤维直径短,在34.26nm～36.09nm之间,肌肉嫩度剪切力值小,在3.56kg～4.48kg之间,肉质柔嫩;肉品中重金属铅、砷、汞、镉含量分别为0.052 mg/kg、0.067mg/kg、0.000 58mg/kg和0.000 65mg/kg,肉品中六六六、滴滴涕的含量分别为0.014 8mg/kg和0.016mg/kg,符合国家无公害羊肉标准。引进优良肉羊品种,杂交改良本地河西蒙古羊和小尾寒羊,高效、健康养殖的肉羊,其肉品质良好,达到了安全、无公害羊肉要求。     

不同品种杂交羔羊肉品质比较

本试验对小尾寒羊、小尾寒羊与德克塞尔杂一代(简称德寒F1)及小尾寒羊与杜泊杂一代(杜寒F1)6月龄羔羊肉品质进行了分析测定,结果显示,杜寒F1、德寒F1羊的肉色、肌内脂肪含量和蛋白质氨基酸含量要优于小尾寒羊,但德寒F1的肌纤维粗,嫩度较差,以杜寒F1肉品质为最佳。结果表明:杜泊羊能较好地改善小尾寒羊的肉品品质。     

拉萨白鸡生长性能和肉品质研究

为研究拉萨白鸡生长性能和肌肉品质,对拉萨白鸡生长状况、屠宰性能及肉品质进行了测定。结果显示:在42、120、150、180、210日龄,拉萨白鸡公鸡体重极显著高于母鸡体重(P0.01)。公鸡、母鸡180日龄的屠体重、屠宰率、半净膛率差异极显著(P0.01),母鸡胸肌率显著高于公鸡(P0.05);不同性别相同部位比较,母鸡胸肌肉色L值与剪切力显著高于公鸡(P0.05)。公鸡腿肌胶原蛋白含量极显著高于母鸡(P0.01),蛋白含量极显著低于母鸡(P0.01);相同性别不同部位比较,公鸡胸肌和腿肌的肉色、p H值、失水率、剪切力均差异极显著(P0.01),母鸡胸肌和腿肌的肉色、失水率差异极显著(P0.01),公鸡胸肌和腿肌的胶原蛋白、肌内脂肪、水分、蛋白质含量均差异极显著(P0.01),母鸡胸肌和腿肌的肌内脂肪、蛋白质含量差异极显著(P0.01)。     

寒泊羊和小尾寒羊的肌肉组织学性状及理化性状比较研究

本研究以育肥的小尾寒羊和寒泊羊的羔羊为试验动物,采集背最长肌、臂三头肌、股二头肌和臀中肌样品,测定了肌纤维横截面积、直径、粗脂肪含量和氨基酸种类及含量。结果表明,寒泊羊背最长肌肌纤维直径和横截面积均小于小尾寒羊(P＜0.01),股二头肌肌纤维直径和横截面积大于小尾寒羊 (P＜0.05)。寒泊羊背最长肌和股二头肌粗脂肪含量高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),臂三头肌和臀中肌粗脂肪含量略高于小尾寒羊(P＞0.05)。小尾寒羊肉中牛磺酸含量高于寒泊羊(P＜0.01),其余17种氨基酸含量两品种羊肉间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。与肉鲜味有关的5种氨基酸,寒泊羊肌肉的含量高于小尾寒羊。除赖氨酸和色氨酸外,其余6种人体必需氨基酸寒泊羊肌肉的含量高于小尾寒羊。     

年龄和性别对陶赛特×小尾寒羊F1代羔羊屠宰性能与肉品质的影响

试验旨在探讨年龄和性别对陶×寒F1羔羊肉用性能及肉品质的影响。选取同等饲养条件下的7月龄陶×寒F1公羔、母羔;13月龄陶×寒F1公羔各5只,研究其屠宰性能和肉的食用品质。结果表明,13月龄羔羊的宰前活重、胴体重比7月龄高41.85%、56.51%（P<0.01）,屠宰率显著高于7月龄（P<0.05）,13月龄羔羊的屠宰性能高于7月龄。产肉力指标上13月龄羔羊的瘦肉重、眼肌面积、肉骨比较7月龄高30.40%、30.04%（P<0.01）、15.56%（P<0.05）。13月龄羔羊肥肉重、GR值比7月龄高117.23%、263.40%（P<0.01）。肉品质方面,13月龄羔羊背最长肌剪切力值、滴水损失率、胶原蛋白含量、肌纤维直径均显著高于7月龄（P<0.05）。公羔的宰前活重、胴体重比母羔高11.96%、14.36%（P<0.05）,表明7月龄时公羔屠宰性能高于母羔,肉品质指标无显著差异。因此,陶×寒F1羔羊的屠宰性能和肉品质明显受年龄、性别的影响。     

莱芜猪肌肉组织学特性与肉质关系的研究

本研究采用二因子多水平有重复的试验方法,对１４头育肥莱芜猪不同屠宰体重及不同解剖部位肌肉的组织结构和肌纤维的组织学特性及肉质性状进行研究。结果表明：随屠宰体重的提高,肌肉纤维直径（ＤＭＦ）,密度（ＭＦＤ）和宰后僵直肌工降度（ＳＬ）没有发生显著变化（Ｐ〉０．０５）,组织学显示的肌肉３种构成分在不同体重组间差异也不显著,但除ｐＨ外,其他各测定性状在不同部位肌肉都存在极显著的差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）,研究下     

不同饲养方式对淮南麻黄鸡肉品质的影响

为研究饲养方式对淮南麻黄鸡肉质性状的影响,对20只62周龄的淮南麻黄鸡母鸡(笼养和放养各10只)肉品质和胸肌蛋白质、总脂肪酸、游离脂肪酸、水分和16种氨基酸含量进行了测定。结果表明,饲养方式对鸡肉pH、剪切力和腿肌肉色无显著影响(P>0.05),对鸡肉系水力和胸肌肉色影响显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。放养母鸡鸡肉蛋白质、脂肪酸、游离脂肪酸和精氨酸含量显著或极显著低于笼养母鸡(P<0.05或P<0.01);水分、鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸和天冬氨基显著或极显著高于笼养母鸡(P<0.05或P<0.01);人体必需氨基酸赖氨酸显著高于笼养母鸡(P<0.05),缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸极显著高于笼养母鸡(P<0.01)。表明放养母鸡鸡肉肉质好,含有较多鲜味氨基酸和人体必需氨基酸,是较好的人体营养补品。     

Fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss

The present study aimed to investigate the fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss during storage. The samples were taken from Longissimus dorsi muscle to evaluate drip loss (n = 100). Fifteen muscles per group (low and high drip loss) were selected to evaluate the histological characteristics at 0 and 72 h of storage time. The statistical analysis revealed that a high drip loss group had greater endomysium thickness than a low drip loss group at 0 h of storage time (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in total number of fibers, fiber diameter, fiber area and perimysium thickness at 0 h of storage time (P > 0.05). At 72 h of storage time, a high drip loss was evident in higher total number of fibers (P < 0.01), but smaller fiber diameter (P < 0.05), fiber area (P < 0.01) and endomysium thickness (P < 0.01) than a low drip loss group. There was no significant difference in perimysium thickness (P > 0.05). In conclusion, drip loss might be affected by muscle structural characteristics during storage.     

波尔山羊杂交后代肌肉组织学特性研究

利用SPSS软件 ( 1 0 0版 )统计分析了杂交代数、体躯部位两因素对波尔山羊和唐山奶山羊杂交后代肌肉组织学特性的影响 ,同时分析了肌肉组织学特性与其肉用性能的相关关系。结果表明 :杂交代数对肌肉组织学特性有一定影响 ,不同杂交代数在眼肌肌纤维密度方面差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而体躯部位对肌肉组织学特性影响不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。股二头肌肌纤维面积、肌纤维直径与绝大多数肉用性能均达到了显著水平 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其中与肉骨比、屠宰率和腰腹肌肉重达到了极显著水平 (P <0 0 1 ) ,眼肌肌肉组织学特性只有部分与肉用性能达到了显著水平 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而臂三头肌肌肉组织学特性与各肉用性能指标间的相关性均未达到显著水平 (P >0 0 5 )。     

Growth and carcass traits of Creole goats under different pre-weaning,fattening and slaughter conditions

Data of 198 male Creole kids were analysed to assess the main non-genetic sources of variation of their meat abilities. Basal diet was composed of tropical pasture (28 days): in FD (forage diet), kids received no supplement; in group MD (mixed diet) they were offered 360 g/day pellet, while in group PD (pasture diet) kids were reared at pasture without supplementation. Given a regular four-month interval of weaning within the flock, fixed ages at slaughter (AS) were 7, 11 and 15 months. Three slaughter weights (SW) were compared 17–18, 21–22 and 25–26 kg. The growth levels before weaning and the season of birth effects were added in the statistical analysis. The use of MD has a significant (P < 0.05) effect on almost all the body and carcass traits: 85% more ADG and carcass weight. The weights of fat tissues increased but represented only 4% of empty body weight. As expected, there were significant (P < 0.05) differences within the SW and AS classes that are discussed. Range of variations allow for suggesting further experiments or practical recommendations. The initial results: carcass yield (55%), conformation score (more than 3), fat cover score (less than 3), proportion of primal cuts (63%) or muscle/bone ratio (3–4 points) are a good incentive for the local sector.     

Correlation Research of Beijing-You Chicken between Polydactyly Characteristic and Product Quality

The purpose of this study was to explore differences of the Beijing-You chicken product quality between different dactyly.Through the production performance,egg quality and meat characteristics comparative analysis research,we could get the correlation between the Beijing-You chicken polydactyly characteristic and its product quality.So this research could provide the reference to characteristic breeding and the development of the product quality of Beijing-You chicken.In this test,we selected Beijing-You chicken (for meat and eggs),and divided into 3 groups (four-toed (4F),single five toes (SF) and double five toes (DF)) with 4 replicates per guoup and 60 hens per replicate, 720 hens totally.Then,the production performance (weight,laying rate and egg weight),egg quality (haugh unit) and muscle quality (pH,waterholding capacity,shear force,TPA,andnucleotide metabolites) were determined,respectively.The results showed that the weight of DF Beijing-You chicken in 120 days and 240 days of age were slightly higher than that of 4F and SF Beijing-You chicken,but no significant difference (P>0.05);The egg weight of DF Beijing-You chicken in 160 days of age was significantly higher than other Beijing-You chicken (P<0.05).As for DF Beijing-You chicken,the waterholding capacity in leg muscles was better than the other types (P<0.05),hardness,conglutination and chewing of leg muscle were significantly lower than other types (P<0.05),while the cohesiveness and elasticity were significantly higher than other toe types (P<0.05).The shear force in leg muscles of DF and SF Beijing-You chickens were significantly higher than other types (P<0.05),the flavor substance shared no difference between different dactyly Beijing-You chicken (P>0.05).The performance of body weight and egg weigh of DF Beijing-You chicken were superior than 4F and SF Beijing-You chicken in the early stage,but had no significant difference.In addition,the muscle quality of different dactyly Beijing-You chicken had their own advantages,overall,the correlation between leg muscle quality and different dactyly was greater than the brisket.     

Growth,carcass, fiber type,and meat quality characteristics in Large White pigs with different live weights

The aim of this study was to compare the growth, carcass, histochemical, and meat quality characteristics in Large White pig groups that were categorized by live weight (Heavy and Light) and type I fiber percentage (High and Low), a procedure which resulted in four groups (Heavy-High, Heavy-Low, Light-High, and Light-Low). As expected, the Heavy group showed heavier live weight (114 vs. 94.7 kg, P<0.001) and larger loin eye area (53.3 vs. 47.8 cm², P<0.001), as well as, higher total number (1,223,000 vs. 1,140,000, P<0.05) and greater mean value cross-sectional area (CSA; 4031 vs. 3798 μm²P<0.05) of muscle fibers than the Light group. However, there were no significant differences in start and finish days among the groups (P>0.05). Heavier pigs harboring a higher percentage of type I fibers (HH) exhibited a similar mean CSA (3894 vs. 4101 μm²) and total number (1,249,000 vs. 1,198,000) of muscle fibers, even though these pigs had a greater CSA of type I fibers (3181 vs. 2719 μm², P<0.05) and a smaller CSA of type IIB fibers (4048 vs. 4457 μm², P<0.05) compared to heavier pigs harboring a lower percentage of fiber type I (HL). Both the HL and Light-Low groups exhibited a rapid decline of muscle pH at the early postmortem period (5.90 and 5.85 vs. 6.08, P<0.05), paler surfaces (43.07 and 43.55 vs. 40.73_,P<0.05), and higher degrees of fluid loss by exudation (6.26 and 6.39 vs. 4.22%, P<0.05) compared to the HH group due to their muscle fiber type composition. Thus, the HH pigs showed better meat quality characteristics without significant differences in growth and carcass performance compared to the HL pigs. Therefore, selection for increased live weight at the same age and muscle fiber characteristics, especially the increased type I fiber CSA and proportion, is one of the relevant indicators to improve and control meat quality without reducing the growth and carcass performance.     

莱芜猪肌肉肌纤维类型的组成与肉质关系的研究

采用2因子多水平有重复试验的方法,对14头纯种育肥莱芜猪不同屠宰体重(A因子)及不同解剖部位(B因子)的新鲜肌肉直接冰冻切片,并进行琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的组织化学处理,结果表明:莱芜猪肌肉的结构单位肌纤维是异质的,即肌纤维类型有3种,红肌纤维(RF)、白肌纤维(WF)和中间型肌纤维(IF)。随屠宰体重的提高,肌肉中RF含量显著增大(P相似文献