青岛市城阳区水产低碳养殖稳步推进

在低碳经济的大环境下,水产养殖的生态安全越来越受到人们关注和重视。青岛市城阳区渔业主管部门积极推广多营养层次立体生态养殖技术,稳步推进低碳水产养殖。一是积极推广浅海滩涂贝藻立体生态养殖技术。在胶州湾浅海滩涂采取海面发展条斑紫菜筏式养殖、海底底播菲律宾蛤仔的上藻下贝立体生态养殖模式。二是大力推广池塘立体生态养殖模式。积极引导养殖户进行虾蟹贝混养、     

黄鳝生态养殖技术及效益分析

选择当地实行稻田网箱生态养殖模式和水泥池生态养殖模式的黄鳝养殖户各两户,了解两种黄鳝生态养殖模式的技术要点,并通过比较4户黄鳝养殖户的养殖效果,分析黄鳝的养殖效益。     

鲟鳇鱼养殖技术之一水库网箱养殖鲟鱼技术

近几年,鲟鱼养殖在广大地区得到推广,但许多养殖户都局限在工厂化养殖模式,养殖成本明显偏高.为了充分利用当地得天独厚的水域条件,降低养殖成本,浙江省东阳市横锦水库进行了网箱养殖鲟鱼的传统养殖模式尝试,取得了良好的经济效益.     

厦门市进一步推广水产健康养殖技术

厦门市海洋与渔业局巩固已取得的农业部第一批健康养殖示范区，2008年再在翔安区大嶝镇建立一个健康养殖示范场一厦门培阳水产养殖有限公司鲍鱼工厂化健康养殖示范场，该示范场健康生态养殖模式和理念得到周边养殖户的认同，带动周边养殖户100户以上，养殖单产比原来有所提高，经济效益明显提高。目前准备对该示范场进行考核验收，     

鱼蚌混养应注意的几个问题

鱼蚌混养是将河蚌育珠和池塘养鱼有机结合起来的一种生态渔业模式。这种养殖模式具有立体利用水体养殖空间、合理利用饵料、大幅度提高水体养殖效益等优点,能产生良好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。近年来随着珍珠市场行情的不断走低，鱼蚌混养模式已逐步得到广大珍珠养殖户的认可。鉴于养殖模式的改变，珍珠养殖户在鱼蚌混养时应注意以下问题：     

地下水再利用养殖海参技术

近年来，“深井海水＋温室大棚”的养殖模式在北方沿海各地得到了极大推广。但这种养殖模式也导致地下井盐水资源逐渐减少，因此如何合理、充分利用地下井盐水成为摆在科研、推广单位和广大养殖户面前的难题。乳山市水产技术推广站与山东科合高技术有限公司联合，探索工厂化养殖大菱鲆及海参育保苗的地下水再利用养殖海参的新模式，即将工厂化养殖大菱鲆和海参育保苗的污水经过排水系统排入沉淀池，污水经充分沉淀后，再循环利用，排入室外海参养殖池。该模式取得了良好的生态和经济效益，现总结如下：     

克氏原螯虾高效生态养殖模式

近年来,克氏原螯虾的养殖发展迅猛,已在全国各地形成各具特色的高效生态养殖模式,前面介绍的池塘生态养殖和稻田生态养殖只是众多模式中的一部分,下面介绍其它几种养殖模式,供广大养殖户借鉴。     

盐碱水池塘罗非鱼套养脊尾白虾技术

正京津冀沿海有上百万亩无法耕种但可以改造成养殖池塘的盐碱地,盐碱水池塘养殖对养殖技术要求较高。河北省特色海产品创新团队试验成功了盐碱水池塘罗非鱼套养脊尾白虾的养殖模式。文章从池塘条件与准备、关键技术、管理要点三个方面介绍了该技术,最后通过效益分析和模式特点分析证明罗非鱼套养脊尾白虾模式在盐碱水池塘值得推广。     

水泥池高密度养殖水蛭技术

正近年来,姜堰区在深入推进渔业科技入户过程中,注重渔业新品种、新技术、新模式的推广,涌现了一批接地气、效益高的典型养殖模式。水蛭,俗称蚂蟥,是一种具有较高药用价值和经济价值的生物,其干燥全体可作为中药材,市场需求旺盛,养殖水蛭成为我区一些养殖户的首选,该文总结介绍了我区沈高镇一养殖户生态健康养殖水蛭的成功案例,供业内人士参考。     

横锦水库网箱养殖鲟鱼高产试验

近几年,鲟鱼养殖得到了广大地区的推广,但许多养殖户都局限在工厂化养殖模式,工厂化养殖存在着许多问题,如溶氧、水资源、鱼病等问题,养殖成本明显偏高,为了充分利用本地区得天独厚的水质水域条件,降低养殖成本,横锦水库进行了网箱养殖鲟鱼的传统养殖模式的尝试,取得了良好的经济效益。     

Interactions and management for the future of marine aquaculture and capture fisheries

Aquaculture surpassed wild fisheries as the largest supplier of fish for human consumption in 2014 and is expected to supply the majority of seafood for future increases in demand. Marine and coastal aquaculture, collectively referred to as mariculture, currently represents just 36% of aquaculture production but is poised to expand in the decades ahead. One of the most commonly cited concerns regarding this likely expansion is ecological and socioeconomic interactions with wild‐capture fisheries. While attention has largely been drawn to high‐profile negative externalities from fed finfish and crustacean mariculture, not all marine‐based practices are equivalent. Empirical evidence for the different interactions between mariculture and wild fisheries is often sparse. While negative consequences can arise, positive synergies can also occur. By considering mariculture development in the context of fisheries interactions, we suggest that it is possible to minimize conflicts and maximize positive connections between the two sectors. We provide the first comprehensive synthesis of the interactions between mariculture and wild fisheries, characterizing the types of interactions, evaluating available empirical evidence and identifying where management (sector‐specific and cooperative) can play an important role. We highlight potential effects of mariculture on the efficiency, sustainability, and equity of seafood production and identify remaining knowledge gaps.     

Ecological damage assessment and compensation for reclaimed coastal pond aquaculture: A case study in Qingduizi Bay,China

Mariculture ponds, most of which are reclaimed from coastal wetlands, have increased dramatically worldwide. However, ecological damage and compensation of these reclaimed mariculture ponds have not been assessed. A framework was presented to assess ecological damages of reclaimed pond mariculture and applied to the Qingduizi Bay, a typical pond mariculture area in the northern Yellow Sea of China. The results show that ecosystem services affected by reclaimed pond mariculture include marine capture fishery, gene resource provision, climate regulation, erosion control, waste treatment, science and education value, nutrient cycle and storage, and nursery/habitat. Among the values obtained from all services, the average score of damage severity to habitat services (0.74) was the highest. The total value of ecological damage associated with reclaimed mariculture in Qingduizi Bay was approximately 86,858.48 yuan hm^?2 a^?1, which is 29 times higher than the sea usage fee standard (3,000 yuan hm^?2 a^?1) currently implemented. Results suggest that the government should update the sea area usage fee with ecological damage compensation for reclamation mariculture and collect enough money to restore damaged marine ecosystem. Moreover, the general framework could also be transferable to other reclamation pond mariculture areas and used to examine reclamation mariculture proposals at different scales.     

中国深远海养殖发展方式研究

在渔业转型发展进程中,发展深远海养殖是突破生态环境和自然资源约束性挑战,实现新时期中国海水养殖业可持续发展的战略方向。基于联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)关于深远海养殖发展的定义,结合中国海水养殖业发展水平和海域条件,对中国深远海养殖概念进行了界定。提出养殖品种选择、养殖系统构建、养殖海域规划是关系深远海养殖产业稳步有序发展的重要因素。在养殖品种选择方面,应重点考虑经济潜力、适应水温和养殖技术;在养殖系统构建上,分析比较了不同养殖系统应用于深远海养殖的适宜性、安全性和经济性;在养殖海域规划方面,应重点考虑养殖排放、环境承载力和海域条件。     

Profile of a fishery collapse: why mariculture failed to save the large yellow croaker

The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), endemic to East Asia was once one of the three top commercial marine fishes of China PR. Heavily exploited since the 1950s, wild stocks were so severely depleted by the 1980s that most individuals subsequently sold originated from hatcheries. After peaking at about 200 000 tonnes in the mid‐1970s, catches of the croaker in China PR declined by over 90% within just 2 decades; according to most decline criteria this would categorize the croaker as “threatened” and management measures, including restocking, were developed. The extensive government‐sponsored mariculture program introduced to address food supply and overfishing in the 1980s, particularly of the croaker, was one of the earliest for marine finfish, not only in China PR, a nation with a rich and highly successful history in aquaculture, but globally. In this first, in‐depth, profile of a key fishery and early mariculture development, we integrate ecological and biological information with the fishing, management, mariculture and economic history to trace the collapse of wild stocks and assess why management and mariculture did not result in wild stock recovery. Evidence strongly suggests that a combination of heavy exploitation of spawning and over‐wintering aggregations, poor management and overfishing pressure were major factors in stock declines, with contributions from pollution, habitat degradation and marine ecosystem shift. Although the croaker proved a highly successful mariculture candidate, with approximately 70 000 tonnes produced in 2005, the highest of any marine fish cultured in China PR, mariculture and restocking have failed to restore croaker stocks and may have, inadvertently, led to biodiversity losses. The detailed history of the croaker is a sobering reminder that successful mariculture, albeit important for food production and livelihoods, is not necessarily a solution to overfishing, and moreover, may have compromised fishery recovery by competing for funds, attention, space, and maybe genetic resources.     

河北省海水养殖区水质时空变化特征

海水养殖业是河北省水产业重要的支柱产业。为了保护河北省海水养殖区的生态环境,实现海水养殖业可持续发展,根据2000年至2010年监测数据,采用模糊综合评价法和单因子污染指数法对海水养殖区水质的时空变化特征和质量状况进行了研究与评价。结果表明,近年来河北省海水养殖区水质逐步有所好转,其中秦皇岛市、唐山市附近海水养殖区水质基本可以满足养殖用水的要求,黄骅附近海水养殖区水质污染较重,已不能满足养殖用水的要求。河北省海水养殖区水体中主要污染物是磷酸盐( )、无机氮(DIN),其次为铅(Pb)和汞(Hg)。     

对虾池塘养殖生态系的研究进展

了解养殖生态系统结构和功能对指导健康养殖至关重要。本文概述了对虾池塘养殖生态系统的基础研究和应用研究现状及存在问题,并从生态学角度阐述了对虾养殖生态系统的特点,提出对虾养殖生态系统的建立和维持要以去除过剩的营养盐为目标,注重进行物流和能流畅通的立体养殖体系和多池循环的综合养殖体系的定量研究与模拟,以实现对虾养殖的可持续发展。     

舟山海水养殖业现状调研

舟山市拥有优越的海水养殖生产条件,较适合海水养殖业的发展,但随着该区域城市化进程的加快,海水养殖业同样面临着许多挑战。“群岛新区”的确立,工业化水平的快速发展,使水产养殖的发展陷入两难。通过对舟山市海水养殖业现状的调研,深入调查该区域目前海水养殖状况,在获得大量真实可靠的数据基础后对舟山海水养殖业现状进行剖析,认为促进新区海水养殖业发展的关键是改变当地养殖模式,将海水养殖向集约化生产模式方向发展。     

团头鲂全产业链健康养殖技术研究进展及展望

团头鲂是我国主要的淡水养殖鱼类之一，其具有食性广、养殖成本低、生长快、成活率高、易捕捞、易繁殖等特点，且具有味美、头小、含肉率高、体形好、规格适中等优点，深受消费者欢迎，在增加优质水产动物蛋白供应、提高全民营养健康水平、保障我国食物安全等方面做出了重要贡献。本文综述了团头鲂全产业链技术研究进展，包括新品种培育及育种技术、饲料营养需求调控及投喂技术、养殖应激与病害的生态防控技术、新型养殖模式、营养品质及加工技术等，提出了具有生产性能优、抗病抗逆性强和适于加工的团头鲂种质资源的挖掘，集约化健康养殖模式建立及精准营养供给、生态防控和高品质加工调理技术的研发等产业发展需求和研究方向，以期为团头鲂全产业链的绿色高质量可持续发展提供参考。     

海水虾蟹环境适应与池塘生态工程化养殖

池塘养殖是我国海水养殖的传统方式，也是当前陆基海水养殖的主体。自20世纪70年代，海水池塘养殖经历了粗放式、半集约、集约化和多营养层次生态养殖的发展历程。然而，海水池塘养殖产业中仍存在养殖生物生态适应性机制不清、养殖系统产出不稳定、营养物质利用效率低等“瓶颈”问题，严重制约了海水池塘养殖产业的发展。因此开展海水养殖虾蟹良种与生态环境的互作机制解析，研发养殖生态系统结构优化和营养物质资源化高效利用技术，搭建养殖信息采集与智能化管控平台，创建生态工程化养殖新模式，实现养殖系统高效可持续产出，是我国海水池塘养殖产业绿色高质量发展的关键。     

Incentive for shifts in water management systems by shrimp culturists in southern Thailand

ABSTRACT:   Water management systems and other business situations of shrimp culturists were surveyed in two districts in southern Thailand. There were three types of water management systems in southern Thailand, namely closed, semiclosed and open systems, categorized by the frequency of exchange of pond water. Shrimp culturists in those districts tended to shift their system from the open system to the closed system of their own accord, and the average net income ratio decreased due to the change of water management system in a district from more than 2 to less than 1. The reason for this shift, in spite of the decrease in the profit rate, was prevention of infectious disease caused by water exchange. In conclusion, it was proven that independent shrimp culturists, such as medium and small scale shrimp pond owners in southern Thailand, would accept short-term decreases in profit rate in order to stabilize production.