维生素E在动物健康及营养中的研究进展

本文综述了维生素E在动物营养及健康中的作用，维生素E在增强动物免疫力、抗应激能力、抗氧化能力、繁殖能力及改善动物产品品质等方面，具有重要作用，尤其是维生素E可促使动物的免疫功能。     

维生素E吸收、转运、代谢机理的研究进展

维生素E是对动物体十分重要的脂溶性维生素。动物对维生素E的利用需要经过肠道的吸收、血液中脂蛋白的转运、肝脏的储存和调控及机体各个组织的摄取和代谢;这些过程涉及到多种生理学机制,包括多种载体的转运、酶类的催化及其他营养素的互作等。了解这些机制有助于人们探索动物体利用维生素E的关键点,继而通过调控这些关键点促进动物对维生素E的利用。作者简要总结了有关维生素E在动物及人类体内吸收、转运、代谢过程机理的最新研究结果。     

维生素E对动物脂肪代谢调控的研究进展

维生素E作为动物机体的必需微量营养素,除了在繁殖、抗氧化、免疫等方面具有重要的生物学功能外,在调控动物脂肪代谢方面也发挥着重要作用。本文主要综述了维生素E对动物脂肪代谢的调控作用,旨在为进一步研究其对动物脂肪代谢的调控机制提供一定的理论依据。     

维生素E对水貂的营养作用

维生素E作为一种脂溶性维生素,在水貂正常生长发育和繁殖的过程中起着非常重要的作用。水貂作为一种肉食性动物,其自身合成维生素E的能力极低,应在水貂的日粮中添加适量维生素E以保证水貂的营养需要。研究维生素E对水貂的营养生理及消化吸收作用进行综述;提出水貂对维生素E的需要量及不同的维生素E含量对水貂各项性能的影响。     

水产动物对维生素C和维生素E的营养需求

本文综述了水产动物中维生素C和维生素E的生理功能、缺乏症、营养需求、剂型选择等，并对最佳维生素营养(0VN)作了简要介绍。     

维生素E、K对动物基因表达的影响

本文在介绍维生素E和维生素K营养生理功能的基础上,综述了维生素E和维生素K对相关基因表达的调控及其主要机制。     

新版图书推荐

《猪的营养》(第二版 )该书由李德发教授主编 ,2005年第2次印刷。全书共19章 ,分别是 :猪的消化生理、猪的消化道微生物平衡及其调控技术、猪饲料能量与氨基酸消化率的评定方法、猪的能量代谢、猪的蛋白质营养、碳水化合物营养、脂肪营养、维生素营养、微量元素营养、猪的钙磷及电解质营养、猪的维生素E和硒的营养、仔猪营养、母猪营养、猪的营养与免疫、大豆抗营养因子对猪营养的影响、猪营养调控的分子基础、酶制剂在猪日粮中的应用、天然植物提取物在猪日粮中的应用、加工工艺对猪饲料营养价值和生产性能的影响。邮购价68元《动物病理学…     

维生素E和硒的营养生理功能及相互关系

维生素E又称生育酚,是一组具有生物活性的化学结构式近似的酚类化合物,是维持动物正常生殖机能,促进机体代谢,维护肌肉健康和抗氧化作用所必需的物质.硒是畜禽必需的微量元素,与维生素E在营养作用中有很多相似之处,具有相似的抗氧化作用,二者在动物营养中有协同作用.维生素E充足可减少硒的添加量,硒增加亦可减轻维生素E的不足,但不能互相替代.本文主要从维生素E和硒的营养生理功能方面阐述二者之间的相互关系.     

世界饲料添加剂市场竞争与生产战略

一、饲料添加剂的世界市场 饲料添加剂,通常是指加到饲料中的诸如氨基酸和维生素等动物营养产品。据生产商家估计,1997年全球动物营养市场大约为50亿美元,在这50亿美元销售额中,维生素和氨基酸占了添加剂的2/3。维生素占34％,包括维生素E、维生素A、维生素B_2、生物素、烟酸、右旋泛酸钙、维     

天然维生素E和合成维生素E在猪营养中的研究进展

维生素E是一类脂溶性维生素,是维持动物正常生理机能必不可少的酚类化合物。维生素E具有广泛的生物学作用,如抗氧化、抗应激、提高免疫、促进生长、改善肉质等,是畜禽配合饲料中不可缺少的添加成分之一。维生素E来源于天然植物或人工合成,二者在体内的吸收、转运存在差异,生物学效价也不一样。总体而言,天然维生素E在生物学利用率比合成维生素E高,其在提高仔猪免疫力、改善肥育猪肉质等方面比合成维生素E具有潜在优势。本文主要综述了天然维生素E和合成维生素E在猪营养中的应用,以期为养猪生产中维生素E的选择提供参考。     

维生素E的生物学功能和安全性评价研究进展

维生素E是机体重要的脂溶性维生素,具有抗氧化、维持生育和调节免疫系统等诸多生物学功能.多数研究表明维生素E毒性较低,但高剂量的维生素E可引起机体内其他脂溶性维生素的缺乏,同时对免疫效果产生不利影响.本文对维生素E的生物学功能、吸收代谢特点和安全性评价进行了综述,旨在为在动物上制订维生素E的安全限量提供理论参考.     

Clinical and biochemical response in the prevention of nutritional myodystrophy in heifers

Clinical and biochemical responses were studied after taking the measures to prevent nutrition muscular dystrophy in young cattle in the given ecological conditions. Analyzing the biological material (blood, hair, feed, soil), we found the sufficiently high saturation of heifer organisms with the microelement selenium and on the contrary, vitamin E deficiency. Sensitive indicators of the break-down of muscular tissue were the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and mainly creatinine kinase (CPK): the activities of these enzymes increased significantly after the heifers had been driven to pasture. The stay of animals in the run to get them used to the physical load before going to the pasture was not found to be a sufficient measure to prevent muscular nutrition myodystrophy if the animals had not been administered vitamin E and selenium supplements. Of the one hundred heifers we examined, seven animals began to show the signs of nutrition muscular dystrophy; none of these animals had been administered vitamin E and selenium supplements.     

维生素E对水貂的应用研究进展

文中概述了维生素E对水貂应用的一些特殊的生物学作用和对水貂繁殖、生长发育和健康等影响以及不同时期水貂对维生素E的营养需要,提出了水貂对维生素E营养需要的管理措施和建议,以期对我国水貂养殖和科研提供有益信息。     

Long-term fluctuations and effect of age on serum concentrations of certain fat-soluble vitamins in dairy cows

BACKGROUND: There is insufficient evidence in the literature concerning the fluctuations and correlations of serum fat-soluble vitamin concentrations during lactation in dairy cows and the potential effect of age of the animals on these values. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine fluctuations in mean serum concentrations of the fat-soluble vitamins A and E and b-carotene and the correlations among them in clinically healthy dairy cows, from the last month of the dry period until the end of lactation, and to investigate whether age was a factor that affects these serum concentrations. METHODS: Forty-five clinically healthy Holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups based on age. Group A consisted of 23 cows 4 years old (mean +/- SD, 3.24 +/- 0.44 years), and group B consisted of 22 cows >4 years old (6.68 +/- 1.66 years). Blood samples for determination of serum beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E concentrations were collected from each animal just before the start of study (1 month prior to expected parturition), at parturition, and thereafter, at monthly intervals until the end of lactation. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E values. Mean serum concentrations of beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E were significantly higher in younger animals. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that age is a factor affecting serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in dairy cows.     

Experimental anaphylaxis in pigs. The influence of the vitamin E content in the feed

An anaphylactic reaction was provoked in pigs by two intravenous injections of chicken egg albumin given approx. 2 weeks apart; some of the animals were in a state of vitamin E deficiency. The second injection of albumin was followed by vomiting, forced respiration, severe cyanosis and distinct edema in the stomach, larynx and gall bladder. These pathomorphological changes are in accordance with those regarded as typical for edema disease. Both the clinical symptoms and the pathomorphological alterations were most evident in animals with vitamin E supplementation, whereas vitamin E deficient animals showed a more moderate response. The anaphylactic reaction was not accompanied by evident changes resembling Mulberry heart disease, either in normal pigs or in vitamin E deficient animals.     

硒的生物学功能及其机理研究

本文综述了微量元素硒的生物学功能研究进展,包括硒的生物大分子化合物的种类、硒在免疫、抗癌方面的作用研究现状,硒与维生物E和其它微量元素的互作,以及硒生物学功能机理的研究成果。同时对生命科学领域的硒研究中尚待深入的问题进行了初步探讨。     

The effect of buparvaquone treatment on the levels of some antioxidant vitamins, lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase in cattle with theileriosis.

Plasma levels of vitamins A, E, beta carotene, both plasma and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were investigated in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata and treated with buparvaquone. There were two groups each containing 30 cattle. Naturally infected cattle were used in the second group. Buparvaquone (2.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered to animals in the second group. Blood samples were taken from control animals, and immediately before treatment, and from animals 10 days after the injection of buparvaquone. Detection of the infected animals was carried out by blood smears. Plasma vitamins A, E, beta carotene, both plasma and erythrocyte GSHPx, LPO and GSH levels were determined. The levels of LPO in plasma and erythrocyte samples were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) higher after treatment than in either control animals or before treatment. Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin E and beta carotene were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) lower after treatment than in either control animals or before treatment, while the vitamin E level was found to be higher before treatment than in either the control group or animals after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The levels of vitamin A in plasma and the activity of GSHPx and GSH in both plasma and erythrocytes in control animals after and before treatment did not differ significantly. In conclusion, we observed that there was a decreased plasma level of vitamin E and beta carotene and an increased level of LPO in cattle treated with buparvaquone. Buparvaquone might function in the treatment of Theileria annulata by forming free radicals.     

Vitamin E Biochemistry and Function: A Case Study in Male Rabbit

Vitamin E supplementation has become a common procedure to promote growth and health and improve the qualitative characteristics of farm animals. It has been demonstrated to be an efficient strategy for improving their reproductive function. Germ cells are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage and may thus require additional antioxidant protection. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the biochemistry and physiology of vitamin E; successively, the effect of this compound on the reproductive activity of rabbit buck is accurately described. In particular, this review examines studies on the effects of animal age, dose and duration of vitamin E supplementation, as well as the co-supplementation with selenium, vitamin C and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Several investigations have shown beneficial effects in bucks supplemented with vitamin E levels higher than the standard dietary requirement (50 mg/kg) particularly when the semen is stored. However, the exact dietary intake of vitamin E should be decided according to specific tissue needs for the individual vitamin E forms and the specific saturation markers.     

Effects of gossypol from cottonseed meal and dietary vitamin E on the reproductive characteristics of superovulated beef heifers

Superovulated Hereford-Angus crossbred heifers (average 397 kg BW) were used to test the effect of feeding cottonseed meal (gossypol) and vitamin E on embryo quality and ovarian characteristics. Twenty-four heifers were assigned randomly to four treatments with six heifers per treatment. Treatments were the following dietary supplements: 1) SBM (soybean meal + 30 IU vitamin E/kg of diet DM); 2) SBM+E (soybean meal + 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) x d(-1)); 3) CSM (cottonseed meal + 30 IU vitamin E/kg of diet DM); and 4) CSM+E (cottonseed meal + 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) x d(-1)). Supplements based on cottonseed meal provided 43.5 g of total gossypol/d (37% negative isomer (-) and 63% positive isomer (+)). Blood samples were collected at the start of the experiment and every 3 wk thereafter up to 12 wk. Plasma a-tocopherol (alpha-T) concentration was affected by treatments (P < 0.05). Heifers supplemented with cottonseed meal had greater (P < 0.05) alpha-T concentration in plasma than heifers supplemented with soybean meal at each concentration of vitamin E. Supplementation at 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) d(-1) increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of a-T in plasma. Weight gain, hemoglobin and hematocrit were not affected by treatment. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) increased (P < 0.05) in cottonseed meal-fed animals; however, EOF was lowered (P < 0.05) with vitamin E supplementation. Heifers fed CSM and CSM+E supplements had greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of (-)-, (+)-, and total-gossypol in plasma, corpora lutea (CL), liver, and endometrium than heifers fed SBM and SBM+E supplements. Tissue alpha-T concentration increased with increased dietary supplemental vitamin E, particularly in great amounts in the CL. Because there was no adverse effect of gossypol on superovulation response or embryo development despite concentrations of gossypol in endometrium that are toxic to embryos, it is likely that systems exist in the reproductive tract to limit gossypol toxicity.     

2007～2008年国际反刍动物营养研究进展 Ⅷ.维生素营养

作者综述了2007～2008年脂溶性和水溶性维生素在反刍动物上的研究进展。VA可提高反刍动物的免疫功能,影响牛肉品质和反刍动物脂肪组织的发育,不同来源的VA的生物学活性有差异;VD₃可提高奶牛免疫力,VD₃的吸收率优于VD₂,提高血清中25(OH)D₃的浓度,影响牛肉品质;VE可提高产奶量,降低乳房炎、胎衣不下等疾病的发病率,刺激生殖器官发育,改善牛肉品质。烟酸不仅能缓解热应激对奶牛生产性能的影响,还能减少血浆中游离脂肪酸的浓度,从而减少脂肪肝的发生。VB₁₂能促进葡萄糖的代谢,提高初生羔羊的生命力。胆碱能提高奶牛的生产性能,增加产奶量、乳蛋白和乳脂,并影响奶牛的繁殖性能。经过包被的VC有较好的过瘤胃能力,能更多的在肠道被吸收,促进奶牛对VC吸收。