黄淮冬麦区175个小麦品种的SSR多态性及其与株高、产量相关性状的关联分析

为了解小麦品种资源的遗传多样性, 筛选株高、产量相关性状相关标记的等位变异, 选用108对覆盖小麦各同源染色体且多态性高的SSR引物, 对黄淮麦区175个小麦品种进行分析。共检测到448个等位变异, 平均每个标记4.15个等位变异, 变化范围为2~14个;全部SSR位点的多态性信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0.075~0.869, 平均为0.561。聚类分析显示同一地区或同一育种单位育成的、具有共同亲本的品种多数聚为一类。关联分析表明, 与株高、产量相关性状显著关联(P<0.01)的标记有23个, 其中3个标记达到极显著(P<0.001)水平。标记wmc128(1B)和wmc236(3B)与小穗数极显著相关, 分别解释小穗数变异的10.5%和8.0%;标记Xgwm129(2B)与千粒重达到极显著相关, 可以解释千粒重变异的19.3%。     

四川省2005-2006年区试小麦品种(系)的SSR遗传多样性

为明确四川近年来普通小麦的遗传差异情况,本研究采用微卫星分子标记(SSR)对四川省2005～2006年参加区试的66个小麦品系进行了遗传多样性研究,用18对扩增谱带稳定的SSR引物,共检测到106个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数为2～13个,平均5.89个.SSR引物的PIC介于0.22～0.91之间,平均多态性信息0.498.聚类分析表明,品种间遗传相似系数(GS)变异范围为0.390～0.834,平均值为0.608,品种间遗传相似性变幅较大,表明这次小麦区试品种(系)间存在着不同程度的遗传多样性差异.根据品种间遗传相似系数聚类,66份材料被聚成五类.     

国家棉花区试新品种的SSR 指纹图谱分析

 以2009年度参加黄河流域国家棉花区试的57份参试品种为材料,运用筛选确定的22对多态性好、条带清晰的SSR引物对参试品种进行分子标记分析,共检测出145个等位位点,其中106个为多态性位点,平均每对引物4.8个,多态性比率平均达到72.7%,PIC平均值为0.661。利用106个多态性片段构建了这些品种的SSR指纹图谱。遗传聚类结果显示,在相似系数为0.98时,57个区试品种完全区分开;同一地区和同一单位育成的品种在不同程度上聚在一类,说明它们的遗传关系较近。     

山东省不同年代栽培大豆SSR标记遗传多样性分析

从分子水平探讨山东省大豆种质资源遗传多样性,为山东大豆今后的大豆育种和遗传改良奠定基础;对山东省36份不同年代材料进行SSR标记,计算遗传相似系数,并对供试品种进行UPGMA聚类分析;20对SSR引物共扩增出138个等位变异,平均每对引物扩增出6.9个等位变异.遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.66～0.97,总体平均值为0.78;相似系数大,品种间遗传差异较小.利用SSR标记的数据结果,对供试品种进行聚类分析,东解1号单独聚为一类,其他品种聚成2个类群,聚类结果表明其多样性与地理来源及系谱关系相关联,但从年代上并没有很好的划分.对山东大豆的多样性分析也有必要采取多种方法对其进行综合有效的鉴定.     

小麦抗旱品种的遗传多样性分析及株高优异等位变异挖掘

为了解北方冬麦区小麦抗旱品种的遗传多样性,筛选株高相关标记的等位变异,选用117个均匀分布于小麦各条染色体的SSR标记,对136份小麦抗旱品种进行分析。共检测到1484个等位变异,平均每个标记12.6个等位变异,变化范围为2～42个,供试材料的多态性遗传信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0.016～0.941,平均为0.640。聚类分析把同一地区或育种单位育成的品种、具有共同亲本的姊妹品种聚为一类,部分相近年代选育的品种也分别聚在一类,国外材料的基因导入对育成品种的遗传基础产生了影响。关联分析表明,在旱地条件下与株高显著相关的标记有19个(P0.01),其中6个极显著相关(P0.001);在水地条件下与株高显著相关的标记也有19个,其中7个极显著相关。水、旱两种条件下共检测出与株高极显著相关的标记9个,分别是Xbarc125(7D)、Xbarc168(2D)、Xgwm126(5A)、Xgwm130(2B)、Xgwm212(5D)、Xgwm285(3B)、Xgwm495(4B)、Xgwm95(2A)和Xwmc396(7B),其中Xgwm285的220bp、Xgwm495的181bp、Xgwm212的99bp和Xbarc125的167bp等位变异是与矮秆关联的优异等位基因。     

SSR分子标记对24个春小麦育成品种的聚类分析

为了进一步了解新疆春小麦品种的遗传基础,给春小麦育种工作提供有益参考,利用SSR分子标记技术对24个新疆春小麦育成品种进行了遗传背景分析。结果表明：41对SSR引物共检测到432个等位位点,其中多态性位点占93.1%,引物多态性信息量（PIC）平均0.86;聚类分析在遗传距离0.8处,供试春小麦品种可分为4个大类,具有亲缘关系的品种并不一定能聚成一类,说明新疆春小麦育成品种间具有很丰富的遗传差异。     

基于SSR标记的草莓品种DNA指纹图谱的构建及应用

以49份申请品种保护提供的品种和47份收集的草莓已知品种为材料,通过从208对草莓SSR引物中筛选出20对多态性好的核心引物,采用变性聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳检测和毛细光电泳检测相结合的方式对96份草莓品种进行标记分析,检测每个标记不同等位变异大小,并为每个等位变异选取了相应的参照品种。结果显示:20对引物共检测出206个等位位点,每对引物检测到等位位点6~15个平均10.3个;共检测到600个带型,每对引物检测到带型数11~58个,平均30个,平均多态性信息含量(polymorphism information content,PIC)为0.80。聚类结果表明,在遗传相似系数为0.96时,该套引物能将所有品种区分开,同一单位选育的品种被优先聚为一类;对历年草莓申请品种选择的近似品种做出合理性评价,并对今年新的部分申请品种推荐更为相近的近似品种,同时本研究中可能存在的"同名异物"和"同物异名"的品种还需基于外观表达性状的观测。     

"十五"大豆创新种质和1963-1995年间育成品种的SSR遗传结构及遗传多样性分析

对22份"十五"攻关培育的创新种质和22份大豆育成品种进行了24个SSR标记的分析比较,目的是在分子水平上阐明创新种质的遗传结构特点,为拓宽我国大豆育成品种遗传基础及亲本选择提供理论依据。本研究在24个SSR位点共检测出231个等位变异,其中15.8%(36个等位变异)为创新种质所特有,特别是在与大豆胞囊线虫紧密连锁的Satt309位点上验证了一个我国独有的等位变异。结合UPGMA和Model-based聚类结果,将创新种质和育成品种分为4组,第Ⅰ组由13份来自东北和山西的创新种质组成;第Ⅱ组由8份来自东北的育成品种组成;第Ⅲ组由8份来自黄淮海和南方的大豆种质组成,其中创新种质和育成品种各为4份;第Ⅳ组由4份育成品种组成,分别来自吉林、黑龙江、河南和山西。遗传多样性分析结果表明,利用国外种质和野生大豆创造的创新种质丰富了东北地区育成品种的遗传多样性。因此,应加强利用国外种质、我国栽培大豆地方品种和野生大豆等优异资源,在创造优异大豆新种质的同时,拓宽我国大豆的遗传基础。     

贵州省2007～2009年度区试小麦品系的SSR分析

采用微卫星分子标记(SSR)对贵州省2007～2009年参加区域试验的20个小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性进行了研究.结果表明,12对引物共检测到46个等位位点,每对引物等住位点数在2～7之间,平均为3.83个.聚类分析表明,品种间遗传距离(D)变异范围为0.116～0.526,平均值为0.321,SSR标记能将全部材料区分开来,20个小麦品系可分为5类.本研究表明,采用核心引物进行不同小麦新品种的遗传多样性分析,对小麦新品种的特异性检测和品种保护是一种有效的手段.     

利用荧光SSR和MFLP标记技术分析烟草核心种质的遗传多样性

了解烟草种质材料的遗传多样性,可为其有效利用与保护提供依据。据此,本研究采用荧光SSR和荧光MFLP技术,对来源于12个不同国家和地区94份烟草核心种质材料进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示,17对SSR和52对MFLP引物组合分别检测出34个和136个具多态性的等位变异位点,平均每对SSR和MFLP引物分别为2个和2.61个。SSR标记的多态性信息量(PIC)变幅为0.126 4~0.466 2,平均为0.281 1;MFLP标记的PIC值在0.119 5~0.803 4之间,平均为0.462 4。遗传多样性分析表明,94份烟草核心种质材料间的遗传距离在0.095 2~0.902 6之间,平均为0.453 9;遗传相似系数在0.444 4~0.905 5之间,平均为0.664 8。UPGMA聚类分析和主坐标分析均将94份材料分为6大类,且两种方法能相互对应、补充和验证。此外,依据12个不同地区烟草种质材料间的遗传一致度,可将其聚类为4个大组,其中第IV大组可以分为4个亚组。本研究结果表明94份烟草核心种质的遗传多样性较丰富,合理地利用这些种质材料,将有利于拓宽中国烟草品种的遗传基础。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...