全国南方区春花生新品种稳产性的Tai模型分析

本文运用Tai模型对2012年参加全国南方区花生品种区域试验的13个品种的荚果产量稳定性进行分析评价。结果表明，航花3号、桂花68表现为平均稳定性品种，具有较好的稳产性；汕油诱1号、仲恺花10号等11个品种表现为难以预测品种，产量表现不稳定。     

2013年全国(南方区)花生品种区域试验

2013年全国(南方区)花生品种区域试验共有14个品种参试,其中汕油523为对照种,七省区11个试验点承担本年度试验。参试新品种中,2个品种干荚果产量比对照种汕油523增产,11个品种比对照种减产。其中桂花69、粤油410比对照种增产,增产未达显著水平;湛红3号、泉花511、贺油14、龙花106、莆花21比对照种减产,减产未达显著水平。仲恺花99、湘花2008、汕油辐1号、闽花15号、福花8号、粤油390比对照种减产达极显著水平。     

剑麻花生套作栽培技术研究

为了明确不同花生品种与剑麻的间作效应,研究以仲恺花1号花生、仲恺花2号花生、仲恺花12号花生、仲恺花99号花生和东一号剑麻为试验材料,在广州市增城区剑麻园进行田间间作试验,测定剑麻、花生间作的土壤pH值、含水量和电导率,新生剑麻叶长和宽、纤维质量、纤维长度和直径,花生根长、主茎长、侧枝长和荚果重等指标。结果表明：剑麻园间作花生提高土壤电导率,降低土壤含水量,对土壤pH值影响不显著;剑麻、花生间作能有效促进剑麻生长,提高新生剑麻叶片纤维率,提高剑麻产量和品质;剑麻、花生间作还能在保证剑麻园丰产稳产的情况下使花生增收,从而提高麻园的经济效益。其中与仲恺花99号花生间作的剑麻生长和产量效果较理想;花生品种仲恺花1号和仲恺花2号产量较为理想。     

棉花无土育苗及优质高产配套栽培技术研究

[目的]探讨无土育苗棉花优质高产配套栽培技术。[方法]以南抗9号、湘杂棉8号、太D5、鄂杂棉11号为示范品种，采用无土育苗后在铜陵县进行无钵移栽示范，分析无土育苗棉花的各种性状，探讨无土育苗棉花优质高产配套栽培技术。[结果]无土育苗棉花移栽成活率较高，达95％vX上；无土育苗能提高棉花的叶片及根系功能、抗病性、产量及经济效益。南抗9号无土育苗后籽棉产量4254．0kg/hm^2，湘杂棉8号无土育苗后籽棉产量3519．0kg／hm^2，太D5籽棉无土育苗后产量达到4543．5kg／hm^2。提出了无土育苗无钵移栽棉花的配套栽培技术。[结论]为棉花的无土育苗优质高产栽培提供了基础资料。     

Ⅱ优航1号再生丰产栽培技术

Ⅱ优航1号是由福建省农科院水稻研究所选育的杂交水稻品种,适宜作为再生稻种植.介绍了Ⅱ优航1号在福建沙县再生稻核心示范片的种植表现及丰产配套栽培技术.     

湛引8号甘蔗的种植表现及配套栽培技术

湛江市甘蔗良种场引进甘蔗新品种，优选出优良株系，暂命名为湛引8号。2006年以来在湛江通过试种，证明该品种具有高产、稳产、早熟、高糖等特点，适合湛江蔗区种植。本文主要介绍该品种在当地的种植表现及配套栽培技术。     

高粱品种龙杂12号的机械化栽培技术

目前,国营农场和种植大户急需适于机械化栽培的高粱品种及相关的栽培技术。龙杂12号于2009年在黑龙江省登记推广,该品种不仅早熟、品质好,且株高较矮、耐密植、抗倒伏，可作为机械化栽培的高粱品种来满足种植结构的调整和轮作倒茬的需要。因此，与之配套的机械化栽培技术是使品种发挥产量潜力的有效保证，在生产中应加以注意。     

徐杂3号在淮北地区的种植表现及标准化栽培技术

近两年，转基因抗虫杂交棉品种徐杂3号在淮北棉区推广种植面积已达1．5万公顷，并有逐年扩大的趋势。为进一步发挥该品种的增产潜力，更好地使棉农和基层技术人员认识该品种，结合淮北地区的生态和生产条件，研究制定了淮北地区徐杂3号标准化栽培技术。     

花生新品种粤油13号在龙川县的引种表现及高产栽培技术

粤油13号花生是广东省农业科学院作物研究所采用多种亲本复合杂交育成的珍珠豆型花生新品种[1]，2006年分别通过广东省农作物品种审定和国家品种审定。龙川县于2010年开始引进试种，表现出丰产性好、抗病性好、适应性广等优点，非常适合龙川地区种植。同时根据粤油13号品种特性与龙川的气候、土壤条件等提出配套的花生高产栽培技术。     

新宁县玉米新品种筛选及配套栽培技术研究

为寻求适应山区气候生态环境条件的玉米新品种,于2014~2015年引进12个玉米品种在新宁县进行适应性鉴定试验,并进行配套栽培技术研究。结果表明:三北89、正大999、禾玉9566、科玉2号等4个玉米品种表现了较好的增产优势,其产量显著优于对照临奥1号,特别是正大999的品质优于临奥1号,适宜本地种植。该品种采用宽窄行种植增产潜力更大。     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Redox Status and Neuro Inflammation Indexes in Cerebellum and Motor Cortex of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Natural Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin: Fish Oil,Krill Oil,and Algal Biomass

Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pulque</Emphasis>, An Alcoholic Drink from Rural Mexico,Contains Phytase. Its <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> Effects on Corn Tortilla

Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.