Effect of dietary supplementation with mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves on the growth performance,meat quality and antioxidative capacity of finishing pigs

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary mulberry(Morus alba L.) leaves powder(MLP) supplementation on meat quality of finishing pigs.A total of 40 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs(initial body weight of(40.5±0.63) kg) were randomly allotted into two treatments,fed either with control diet or 15% MLP diet for 85 d.The results showed that MLP diet decreased(P≤0.05) average daily gain(ADG) and increased(P0.05) feed/gain ratio(F/G) in the finishing and whole period.MLP diet also decreased(P0.05) carcass weight,dressing percentage,last rib and average backfat depth.However,MLP diet increased(P0.05) intramuscular fat(IMF) content,decreased(P0.05) shear force,cooking loss and drip loss.In addition,MLP diet increased(P0.05) total antioxidative capacity,glutathione peroxidase and tended(P0.10) to increase total superoxide dismutase in serum.In longissimus thoracis,myosin heavy chain(MyHC) I and IIa mRNA levels were increased(P≤0.05) for MLP diet.In conclusion,15% MLP supplementation reduced the growth performance and carcass traits,but improved meat quality of finishing pigs possibly through the change of myofiber characteristics,enhancement of antioxidative capacity and increase of IMF.     

Effects of the Sheep Polyclonal Antibodies Against the Porcine Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Proteins on Porcine Carcass Composition and Meat Quality

To detect the effects of the polyclonal antibodies raised in sheep against porcine adipocyte plasma membranes on the porcine carcass composition and meat quality, 30 pigs assigned into 6 treatment groups were given intraperitoneal injections of sheep antipig adipocyte plasma membrane immunoglobulin （ASIg） or sheep nonimmune serum immunoglobulin （NSIg）. At the end of the experiment, the pigs were slaughtered at 90 kg body weight, and carcasses and meat quality were evaluated. The results showed that when pigs intraperitoneally immunized with 20 or 30 mg ASIg at 15 kg body weight, 20 mg purified ASIg twice at 15 and 60 kg body weight, or 20 mg purified ASIg at 60 kg body weight, respectively, their lean meat percentage, fat meat percentage, backfat thickness, loin eye area leaf fat weight, caul fat weight, heart weight, liver weight, and kidney weight were significantly affected. However, the kidney weight, lurrg weight, dressing percentage, and spleen weight did not remarkably change. Our results indicated that pigs intraperitoneally immunized with 20 or 30 mg ASIg at 15 kg body weight, and 20 mg ASIg twice at 15 and 60 kg body weight, have significantly different drip loss rate, cooked meat ratio, tenderness, storage loss rate, muscle fiber diameter, moisture content, dry matter content, crude protein content, and crude fat content from the control group that received 20 mg NSIg at 15 kg body weight. However, meat pH, meat color value, meat marbling score, inosinate, and myohemoglobin were not significantly affected. Our results indicated ASIg could not significantly affect the content of most muscular amino acids and intramuscular fatty acids.     

Effects of Dietary Isoflavone Supplementation on Meat Quality and Oxidative Stability During Storage in Lingnan Yellow Broilers

To investigate the effects of a synthetic isoflavone （SI） on meat quality and oxidative stability, 1 500 43-d-old Lingnan yellow male broilers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments： diets supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg SI kg-1, fed ad libitum for a period of 3 wk. After refrigerated storage, a＊ value of the meat increased with dietary SI supplementation using 10 and 40 mg kg-1 level （P〈0.05）, L＊ value decreased （P〈0.05）, and 40 mg kg-j increased the pH （P〈0.05）. Supplementation with SI, at all levels, increased water holding capacity （P〈0.05） and decreased lactic acid content of meat （P〈0.05）. The concentration of malondialdehyde at 72 h decreased linearly （P=0.005） and quadratically （P=0.004） with increasing levels of SI. Dietary SI at 20 and 40 mg kg-1 levels enhanced total superoxide dismutase activity in meat （P〈0.05）. Meat pH quadratically decreased as the storage time increased （P〈0.05）, with the highest value at 24 h （P〈0.05）. Lactic acid and malondialdehyde concentrations of meat increased over time, with value at 96 h being far higher than at earlier times （P〈0.05）. Supplemental SI linearly and quadratically increased the mRNA abundance ofglutathione peroxidase （GPX） （P=0.001 and P=0.002） and catalase （CAT） （P=0.003 and P=0.006） in breast muscle. The results from this study indicate that dietary supplementation with SI can improve meat quality during refrigerated storage by decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing oxidative stability and, for male broilers from 43 to 63 d of age, the optimal level of SI was 40 mg kg-1.     

Effect of dietary supplementation of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ) in the form of PQQ disodium(PQQ·Na2) on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers. A total of 720 one-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatments with 8 replicates of 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Birds were fed a PQQ·Na2-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet(control) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg PQQ·Na2 kg–1 for 42 d. Compared with the control chicks, the chicks fed the diets supplemented with PQQ·Na2 had lower(P0.05) feed:gain(F/G) during the grower phase and drip losses of breast muscles on day 42. As supplemental PQQ·Na2 level increased, plasma total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) on d 42, liver T-AOC on d 21 and heart T-AOC on d 21 and 42 increased linearly(P0.05), but malondialdehyde concentrations in plasma, liver and heart on d 21 or 42 decreased linearly(P0.001) or quadratically(P0.005). The results from the present study indicate that dietary supplemental PQQ·Na2 can improve antioxidant ability and meat quality of broilers, and in general, it is implied that the optimal supplemental PQQ·Na2 level is 0.1 mg kg–1 of diet for broilers from 1 to 42 d of age.     

Dietary Supplementation of Oregano and Sage Dried Leaves on Performances and Meat Quality of Rabbits

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dietary supplementation 1% （w/w） of oregano and sage dried leaves on performances and meat quality of broiler rabbits. A feeding trial, which lasted 48 d, was carried out on 105 male Bianca Italiana rabbits randomly divided in seven groups and fed ad libitum. At the end of the trial ten animals per group were slaughtered and samples of dorsal muscle were taken in order to perform laboratory analysis. Mortality rate did not statistically differ between groups. Growth performances of animals fed diets supplemented with aromatic plants were higher （P〈0.05） than those of animals of control group, whereas carcass parameters were not affected by treatments excepting for the slaughter weight that showed the same trend as growth performances. Meat quality traits, oxidative lipid stability and fatty acid proifle were not inlfuenced by aromatic plant supplementation. In conclusion, oregano and sage in form of dried leaves can be used in rabbit without adverse effects on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits.     

Effects of Probiotics on Growth,Pork Quality and Serum Metabolites in Growing-finishing Pigs

A total of 72 growing-finishing pigs（56 days old） were used to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics on growing performance, pork quality and serum metabolites. Using single factorial experiment design, pigs were allotted to three groups（four pens/group and six pigs/pen）. Diet treatments were a corn-soybean meal（control group） and a corn-soybean meal with 1% probiotics（probiotics group） or 80 mg kg-1colistin sulfate（antibiotics group）. Pigs were slaughtered when pigs of the lightest averaged 90 kg（157 days of age）. There was no difference（p＆gt;0.05） in average daily gain or feed/gain, and the average daily feed intake of the antibiotics group was higher than that of the probiotics and the control groups（p＆lt;0.05）. Diet supplemented with probiotics reduced the drip loss and cooking loss of pork（p＆lt;0.05）. Dietary supplementation with probiotics significantly decreased the content of triglycerides, lowdensity lipoprotein and urea nitrogen in serum（p＆lt;0.05）, and increased the content of high-density lipoprotein in serum（p＆lt;0.05）. These results suggested improving effects of dietary probiotics on pork quality and serum metabolism in growing-finishing pigs.     

Effect of dietary supplementation with flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBGFN) as SBGFN-zinc(SBGFN-Zn) on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses and antioxidation of broilers. A total of 450 one-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 15 birds per replicate for each treatment in a completely randomized design. Birds were fed a SBGFN-unsupplemented cornsoybean meal basal diet(control) or the basal diet supplemented with 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) from SBGFN-Zn for 42 d. Dietary SBGFN supplementation affected(P0.03) drip loss in thigh muscle, total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity in liver of broilers at 42 d of age. Chicks fed the diets supplemented with 120, 180 and 240 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) had lower(P0.03) drip loss of thigh muscle than those fed the control diet. Chicks fed the diet supplemented with 180 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) had higher(P0.03) liver T-SOD and GSH-Px activity than those fed the diets supplemented with 0, 60 and 120 mg SBGFN kg~(–1). The results from the present study indicate that dietary supplementation with 180 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) as SBGFN-Zn improved both meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers.     

Effects of carcass weight,sex and breed composition on meat cuts and carcass trait in finishing pigs

Pork cutting is a very important processing in promoting economic appreciation across the swine business chain. The goal of this research is to determine the proportion and weight of meat cuts, as well as to analyze the effects of carcass weight, sex and breed composition on meat cuts. Simultaneously, we investigate the correlation between meat cuts, carcass traits and meat quality traits. To assess 17 meat cut traits, 12 carcass traits and 6 meat quality traits, we sample 2 012 pigs from four b...     

Effects of conditioners (single-layer,double-layer and retention-conditioner) on the growth performance,meat quality and intestinal morphology of growing and finishing pigs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed conditioners(single-layer, double-layer and retentionconditioner) on the growth performance, meat quality and intestinal morphology of pigs throughout the growing to finishing phase. A total of 96 growing pigs((28.70±3.20) kg) were selected and randomized into three treatment groups with four replicates per group. Eight pigs were used per replicate for the 17-week feeding trial. The grower diet was given at 0 to 6 weeks and a finisher diet was given at 6 to 17 weeks. The treatments were as follows: SC diet(control; single-layer conditioning), DC diet(double-layer conditioning), and RC diet(retention-conditioning). Starch gelatinization was significantly higher(P0.05) in the RC treatment than in the SC treatment, however, there was no significant difference in the starch gelatinization between the DC group and the RC group. In the growing phase, the feed to gain index(F:G) was significantly lower(P0.05) in the RC group than in the SC and DC groups. Between growing and finishing, the F:G was the lowest(P0.05) in the SC group compared to the RC or DC group. Drip loss, a measurement of meat quality, was significantly lower(P0.05) in longissimus dorsi tissue collected from pigs fed the RC diet than in tissues collected from pigs fed the SC diet. The intestinal quality of the duodenum and jejunum tissues showed a significant increase(P0.05) in the crypt depth and villus height in the RC group compared to the SC-or DC-treated pigs. These results demonstrated that the retentionconditioner treatment decreased the F:G in growing pigs, improved intestinal morphology and enhanced the meat quality in the finishing pigs. However, the retention-conditioner treatment had a negative impact on growth performance in the finishing pigs.     

北京外来入侵植物研究

在当代,生物入侵已引起人们越来越多的关注。生物入侵不仅对生态环境有破坏,而且对生物多样性有一定的威胁。全球范围内已开展了生物入侵多方面的研究,但中国特别是北京地区对其进行的研究较少。为了对北京外来入侵植物的防治提出更多可行性建议,作者在查阅了大量文献和资料的基础上,结合北京松山外来入侵种实地调查情况,分析了北京外来植物的现状和主要引入途径。最终从谨慎引种外来物种,建立风险评估机制;实行快速处理措施,多种处理方式结合;建立物种数据库,加强国际间的合作;加强资源环境保护,进行公众教育活动4个方面提出针对外来入侵植物的防治对策。     

昆明城市河流——盘龙江水生植被跟踪调查研究

[目的]调查研究昆明城市河流盘龙江水生植被演变状况及其原因。[方法]开展盘龙江2006～2007及2011年水生植被跟踪调查研究,盘龙江水质监测及相关资料收集工作。[结果]耐污性较强的蓖齿眼子菜、黑藻等水生植物是盘龙江的优势物种。2006～2007年共采集到33种水生植物,2011年采集到35种水生植物。盘龙江综合整治后水质明显改善,2011年较2006～2007年水生植被呈现喜清水的水生植物种类有所增加、沉水植被分布区域增大、群落结构更丰富稳定、外来入侵种分布明显缩小等特点。[结论]随着盘龙江综合整治的大力推进,盘龙江水质及水生植被得到明显改善。     

东江流域河岸带外来入侵植物调查分析及其风险评估

[目的]对我国东江流域河岸带外来入侵植物进行调查分析,并对其进行风险评估。[方法]野外调查主要采用样方调查与线路调查相结合的方法,覆盖整个东江流域。其中干流共设52个样点,支流87个样点,累计设置样方624个;风险评估采用多指标综合评价法,设立了6个一级指标,25个二级指标。[结果]经过近2年对东江流域河岸带外来入侵植物进行的详细调查,该流域共发现外来入侵植物51种,隶属于17科38属。对这51种外来入侵植物进行了风险级别评价,结果表明,藿香蓟等18种入侵植物风险评估得分在60分以上,属于高风险级别;土荆芥等26种入侵植物风险评估得分在30～60之间,属于中风险级别;毛花雀稗等7种入侵植物风险评估得分在30分以下,属于低风险级别。[结论]为我国东江流域河岸带的保护和管理以及该流域水环境的治理和功能区划提供了基础资料。     

东江流域河岸带外来入侵植物调查分析及其风险评估

[目的]对我国东江流域河岸带外来入侵植物进行调查分析,并对其进行风险评估。[方法]野外调查主要采用样方调查与线路调查相结合的方法,覆盖整个东江流域。其中干流共设52个样点,支流87个样点,累计设置样方624个;风险评估采用多指标综合评价法,设立了6个一级指标,25个二级指标。[结果]经过近2年对东江流域河岸带外来入侵植物进行的详细调查,该流域共发现外来入侵植物51种,隶属于17科38属。对这51种外来入侵植物进行了风险级别评价,结果表明,藿香蓟等18种入侵植物风险评估得分在60分以上,属于高风险级别;土荆芥等26种入侵植物风险评估得分在30～60之间,属于中风险级别;毛花雀稗等7种入侵植物风险评估得分在30分以下,属于低风险级别。[结论]为我国东江流域河岸带的保护和管理以及该流域水环境的治理和功能区划提供了基础资料。     

海南外来入侵植物的危害、入侵机制与防治对策

外来入侵植物已经严重地威胁到海南省的许多生态系统,影响了当地的生物多样性和土著植物的生境。本文简述海南省外来植物入侵的主要生境,论述了植物外来种入侵海南岛的主要入侵途径及其入侵的机制,分析了影响植物入侵的因素,并提出有效防治海南外来入侵植物的建议。     

基于生态位理论的柑橘生境适宜性评价研究进展与思路(英文)

[目的]基于生态位理论,对柑橘生境适宜性评价研究现状及思路进行分析。[方法]对生境适宜性评价、生态位理论在作物生境选择方面的研究现状进行综合分析。[结果]提出了借助生态位理论开展品质约束的柑橘生境适宜评价的研究思路,包括3方面,即柑橘生态环境及品质因子的采集与表达、柑橘生态环境与品质的交互响应研究、基于品质约束的柑橘生境适宜评价与适应机制研究。[结论]为促进柑橘产业化发展提供了借鉴。     

2012-2016年云浮口岸植物检疫现状及外来有害生物截获情况分析

[目的]掌握近年来云浮口岸进口货物携带外来有害生物的情况.[方法]对云浮口岸2012 ～2016年从进口货物中截获的植物疫情情况以及云浮口岸外来有害生物监测数据进行统计分析.[结果]2012 ～2016年云浮口岸共截获各类动植物139种,其中昆虫85种,共195批次;植物39种,共119批次;螨类1种,共5批次;线虫2种,共10批次;蜗牛5种,共12批次;蜘蛛6种,共204批次;真菌1种,共2批次.在云浮口岸截获的外来有害生物中,比萨茶蜗牛系全国口岸首次截获,欧洲榆小蠹和刺亦模草为广东检验检疫局口岸首次截获,红火蚁、双钩异翅长蠹、桔小实蝇、鹰嘴豆象、刺茄、苍耳属(非中国种)、四纹豆象等检疫性昆虫和植物系云浮口岸首次截获.云浮口岸近年来的动植物检疫工作有效地阻止了这些外来有害生物的入侵与传播.此外,从印度、巴基斯坦、伊朗、土耳其等国家进口石材荒料包装粗放,卫生状况较差,携带动植物疫情风险较大.最后根据进口石材的特点和疫情的分析结果,提出了若干条加强进境石材类检疫监管的措施.[结论]该研究结果为今后出入境检验检疫部门在入境植物检疫以及构建生物安全防控体系工作方面提供了参考.     

基于生态位理论的柑橘生境适宜性评价研究现状及思路

[目的]基于生态位理论,对柑橘生境适宜性评价研究现状及思路进行分析。[方法]对生境适宜性评价、生态位理论在作物生境选择方面的研究现状进行综合分析。[结果]提出了借助生态位理论开展品质约束的柑橘生境适宜评价的研究思路,包括3方面,即柑橘生态环境及品质因子的采集与表达、柑橘生态环境与品质的交互响应研究、基于品质约束的柑橘生境适宜评价与适应机制研究。[结论]为促进柑橘产业化发展提供了借鉴。     

江苏省农业生态系统外来入侵动植物初步研究

通过调查江苏省农业生态系统外来入侵动植物现状,共查明陆生植物86种,水生植物6种,陆生无脊椎动物20种,水生无脊椎动物1种,两栖类1种,哺乳类2种。并从种类构成及其与国家种类构成的对比、原产地、省内分布特征以及危害等方面,分析了江苏省农业生态系统外来入侵动植物的现状,在此基础上提出了农业生态系统外来入侵动植物的管理对策。     

南昌市外来入侵花卉逸生现状及预防对策

[目的]调查与分析南昌市外来入侵花卉逸生状况及其对绿地景观的影响,提出预防对策,为南昌市城市建设中园林植物引种和外来入侵花卉的监测与治理提供技术参考.[方法]采用现场调查与资料查询相结合的方法,调查南昌市外来入侵花卉种类及其逸生状况.[结果]南昌市有外来入侵花卉14科26种,其中菊科最多,有11种,占42.31％;繁殖方式上,以种子进行繁殖的有24种,其中11种兼具无性繁殖能力;逸生程度上,仅5种无逸生现象,其余种类均表现出不同程度的逸生性.[建议]谨慎引种,避免可能引发的生物入侵问题;加强对现有外来入侵花卉的监测和管理,防止植株或繁殖器官逃离人工栽培场所而在自然环境中生长和建立种群;加强对已逸生为杂草的外来入侵花卉的综合防治及利用研究,把其对园林景观的破坏性和对生态环境的破坏程度降到最低.