余甘子新品种——保山1号

正"保山1号"是从怒江流域余甘子集中分布的保山市隆阳区、龙陵县、昌宁县、施甸县等地选出的余甘子新品种。2017年12月通过云南省林木良种审定委员会认定(云R-SC-PE-033-2017)。该品种平均单果重17.43 g,果实扁圆形,横径3.20 cm,纵径2.69 cm,果形指数0.84。外果     

余甘子优良品种“玻璃油甘”的选育

玻璃油甘是由汕头市潮阳区金灶镇野外发现的优良单株选育出的余甘子优良新品种。该品种具有早熟、丰产、稳产、质优、生长适应性强、果形硕大、适宜鲜食及加工等优良特性。果粒大，单果重13 g～17 g，平均15 g，最高可达20 g，品质优良，现已成为广东省余甘子栽培区的主要发展品种。本文阐述了玻璃油甘的选育经过，对其植物学性状、物候期、生长结果习性、果实经济性状、适应性和栽培技术等作了系统描述。     

余甘子果实维生素C动态积累规律研究

为研究不同品种余甘子果实维生素C含量差异和余甘子果实维生素C积累规律，本研究以6个品种余甘子果实为试材，比较不同时期余甘子果实维生素C含量的差异，描绘维生素C积累动态曲线。结果表明，余甘子果实维生素C含量丰富，适宜作为食品加工和保健品的开发利用；其中秋白品种维生素C含量最高，适宜作为加工和遗传育种的原材料；余甘子果实作为加工原材料适宜采收期为10月20日左右；维生素C 的积累分为快速积累阶段，缓慢积累阶段，下降阶段，稳定阶段4个阶段。     

不同采收期对余甘子果实品质的影响

为研究不同采收期对余甘子果实品质的影响,以蓝田粉甘和六月白两个余甘子品种为试材,测定不同采收期对果实单果重,果形指数,糖,酸,维生素C以及单宁等品质指标的影响,旨在为余甘子果实在采后贮藏加工和保健品开发中的应用提供基础理论数据。结果表明,整个成熟期,果实品质指标发生明显变化,其中10月8日采收,所含维生素C含量最高,果实也保持较高糖酸比,此后维生素C含量下降明显,该时期果实最适宜做功能性保健食品开发的原材料。     

华南适栽杧果良种──台农1号

台农1号由台湾省农试所凤山热带园艺试验分所选出。近年海南、广东已引种试种。海南恒升果公司种植66．7hm2,1998年已经投产。果实较小,平均单果重221g,扁卵形。果皮桔黄色,在阳光充足地区果皮带红色。果肉橙黄色,肉质细嫩,多计、纤维极少,香气浓。含可溶性固形物20％,是目前忙果品种中含量较高的品种。果实较抗炭疽病,耐贮运．树冠矮小,技梢较短,抗风性较强,有发展前途。华南适栽杧果良种──台农1号@王才发     

不同采收期对余甘果实品质和耐贮性的影响

以福建余甘主栽品种‘粉甘’果实为材料，研究不同采收期对余甘果实品质和耐贮性的影响。结果表明：随着采收期的延迟和果实成熟度的提高，余甘果皮颜色由青绿色逐渐变成黄绿色，果核颜色由深绿色变成棕褐色，果实重量和大小逐渐增加，果实可食率和营养品质提高。可用果实重量和大小、果形指数、果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量、果实可食率作为确定余甘果实采收成熟度的参数。同时，不同采收期对余甘果实的耐贮性影响不同，盛花期后179 d采收的果实耐贮性最好，在常温25±1℃下贮藏16 d后，好果率为91%，失重率为3.51%。     

紫金红1号油桃在重庆的引种试验初报

2017年引入早熟油桃品种紫金红1号,通过连续3年观察和分析物候期、植物学特性、生长结果习性、果实品质等,结果表明,该品种在重庆地区6月上旬成熟,果实深红色,近圆形,不裂果,平均单果重135.6g,栽后第3年平均株产量27.6kg,可溶性固形物含量12.3%,可滴定酸含量0.31%,硬度8.0kg/cm₂,表现出早熟、丰产、品质优良、不裂果、耐贮运等特点,适合在重庆推广种植。本文总结了紫金红1号油桃在重庆地区种植的引种表现及配套栽培技术要点。     

优良早熟大果型苹果新品种‘华硕’在山东烟台的引种试栽表现

华硕是郑州果树研究所自主培育的优良早熟苹果品种，烟台市农业科学研究院于2009年将该品种引进烟台，在烟台及周边地区进行试栽试验。经多年引种观察，该品种果实近圆形，果个大，平均单果重258.8g；果面着鲜红色，外观漂亮；果肉细腻多汁，风味酸甜适度，有香味；成熟时果实可溶性固形物含量13.2%，果肉硬度9.8kg/cm2，品质上等；在烟台地区8月上中旬成熟，成熟期介于美国八号和嘎啦之间，耐贮性优于美国八号和嘎啦品种，适于在烟台及其周边地区进行推广栽植。     

桃设施栽培新品种——鲁蜜1号

正"鲁蜜1号"是桃品种"斯洛克"的早熟芽枝变。2015年12月通过山东省林木品种审定委员会审定。该品种在设施栽培条件下,果实大,平均单果质量152 g,最大单果质量278 g。果实椭圆形或近圆形,果顶凹,缝合线深,梗洼浅、中广,茸     

日南1号温州蜜柑引种项目通过市级鉴定

20 0 3年 1 0月 1 1日 ,由苏州市科学技术局组织、吴江市柑桔研究所承担的日南 1号温州蜜柑引种试验项目 ,通过了江苏省有关果树专家的鉴定。日南 1号温州蜜柑具有抗性强、适应性广、生长旺盛、树势健壮等特性 ,是目前国内成熟最早的特早熟温州蜜柑品种。日南 1号果实扁圆形 ,单果重1 2 6g左右 ,果实外观光滑有光泽 ;可溶性固形物含量达 9%～ 1 1 % ,风味甚佳 ,并较耐贮藏。该品种具有较好的丰产性状 ,盛产期每 667m2 产量达3 0 0 0kg以上 ,市场售价为 1 80～ 2元 /kg ,经济效益显著。日南1号温州蜜柑引种项目通过市级鉴定@徐春明!特约通讯…     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.