苦竹笋、叶营养成分分析

对苦竹笋、叶的营养成分进行测定,结果表明:苦竹鲜笋、竹叶粗蛋白分别为24.8 g·kg-1、170.6 g·kg-1,粗纤维分别为6.1 g·kg-1、287.4 g·kg-1,磷380.0mg·kg-1、1 350.6 mg·kg-1,铁11.0 mg·kg-1、199.85mg·kg-1,钙16.2 mg·kg-1、3 635mg·kg-1;游离氨基酸和水解氨基酸鲜笋为2.014 g·kg-1、22.28g·kg-1;苦竹叶(干重)为3.599 g·kg-1、169.26g·kg-1;苦竹笋、叶的氨基酸等营养成分含量高于毛竹的笋和叶,是开发竹子保健食品的理想原料.     

中国特有濒危植物崖柏扦插繁殖研究

在重庆市城口县咸宜乡苗圃和中国林科院温室开展崖柏扦插繁殖试验,研究采穗母树年龄、不同激素种类及其组合、激素浓度、扦插基质、物理促根等不同处理方式下崖柏扦插生根效应.结果表明:(1)在咸宜乡苗圃,采用自动喷雾设施,以蛭石-泥炭土-珍珠岩(1∶1∶1)为扦插基质,用3种激素和清水处理崖柏幼树1年生枝条,扦插后160d的生根率为74.76％～96.70％,不同处理组合生根效应具有显著差异,2000 mg· L-1 IBA＞清水对照(CK)＞1 000mg·L-1 IBA＞1 000 mg·L-1IBA+ 500 mg· L-1NAA;(2)在林科院温室用2种激素和清水处理崖柏幼树1年生枝条,扦插于蛭石-泥炭土-珍珠岩(1∶1∶1)的基质,搭塑料拱棚,扦插后120 d的生根率远低于咸宜乡苗圃,为25.93％～45.37％,激素处理后的枝条与对照差异显著,1 000 mg·L-1 IBA+ 50 mg·L-1 NAA=2 000 mg·L-1 IBA＞清水对照(CK);(3)在咸宜乡苗圃用不同激素和物理促生根方法组成的27种组合处理的成年崖柏枝条,最高生根率仅为20.83％.生根率超过10％的处理组合是:清水处理,泥炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩(1∶1∶1);1 000 mg·L-1IBA+500 mg·L-NAA,泥炭土∶珍珠岩(2∶1);1 000 mg·L-1IBA,泥炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩(1∶1∶1),流水冲洗.     

玉溪市膏桐栽培试验

2007年5月至2010年12月,在玉溪市新平县漠沙镇,采用密度、地理种源、肥料、水分、定干高度5因素18水平,按正交原理进行组合栽培试验,摸清了影响膏桐栽培的主要因素水平,成功探索出膏桐的7种栽培模式：M1Z1S1P1D1、M1Z2S2P2D2、M2Z4S1 P2D3、M323S1P2D1、M324S2P1D2、M422S1P1D3、M423S2P1D4。     

钟花樱组织培养繁殖研究

以钟花樱(Cerasus campanulata)的嫩枝作外植体进行组织培养技术研究。结果表明：适合不定芽诱导的培养基为 MS+6-BA 1.0 mg · L-1+NAA 0.1 mg · L-1+蔗糖30 g · L-1+卡拉胶6.5 g · L-1,诱导率为44.44%,适合增殖培养的培养基为 MS+6-BA 1.0 mg · L-1+NAA 0.05 mg · L-1+GA30.5 mg · L-1+蔗糖30 g · L-1+卡拉胶6.5 g · L-1,增殖倍数为3.70,适合生根培养的培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 1.5 mg · L-1+NAA 0.1 mg · L-1+蔗糖30 g · L-1+卡拉胶6.5 g · L-1+活性碳0.5 g · L-1,生根率为82.23%。     

野生西藏虎头兰组培技术研究

以野生西藏虎头兰种子为试验材料,应用组培技术开展种子无菌播种、原球茎诱导芽分化、试管苗生根等试验,初步筛选出不同发育阶段的培养基配方。种子萌发培养基为:Hyponex 1号1 g.L-1+Hyponex 2号1 g.L-1+6-BA1 mg.L-1+10%香蕉汁+2%苹果汁+蔗糖20 g.L-1+琼脂6 g.L-1+AC 1 g.L-1,种子萌发率达90%～98%;原球茎分化最佳培养基为:MS+NAA1 mg.L-1+5%香蕉汁+2%苹果汁+蔗糖20 g.L-1+琼脂6 g.L-1+AC1 g.L-1,芽分化率高达89%;壮苗生根最佳培养基为:1/2 MS+NAA1 mg.L-1+5%香蕉汁+AC 1.5 g.L-1+蔗糖20 g.L-1+琼脂6 g.L-1,生根率达100%。     

血水草营养元素含量及贮量特征研究

采用样方法和取样法,对血水草的生物量、土壤营养元素含量、植株各器官营养元素含量及贮量特征进行了研究.结果表明:血水草生物量为1 744.70 g·kg-1,以地下根系生物量最高,占总生物量的73.3％.血水草生长的土壤呈酸性,pH为5.53,有机质含量为52.74 g·kg-1,N 2.67 g·kg-1,P0.66 g·kg-1,K5.68 g·kg-1,Ca和Mg分别为1.73 g·kg-1和7.78 g·kg-1.血水草体内有机营养成分中,总糖含量为46.59 g·kg-1,蛋白质为291.17 g·kg-1,脂肪37.74 g·kg-1,纤维素303.58 g·kg-1;矿质营养元素含量中,N 36.08 g·kg-1,P 1.33 g·kg-1,K 29.89 g·kg-1,Ca 15.13 g·kg-1,Mg 7.80 g·kg-1,S 2.88 g·kg-1.营养元素总贮量为106.99 kg·hm-2,其中叶贮量占23.0％、茎占14.0％、根占63.0％.研究结果,可为进一步深入地研究血水草的生态功能,评价血水草的经济、社会和生态效益,科学保护和利用血水草资源,提供科学依据.     

Frankia菌遗传多样性的rDNAIGS RFLP研究

Frankia是一类能与非豆科树木共生结瘤固氮的放线菌。关于其属的分类目前比较确认 ,对于种水平的划分 ,虽然从可溶性蛋白类型 (张道海等 ,1 991 ;Bensonetal.,1 983;Gardesetal.,1 987a)、同功酶类型(Gardesetal.,1 987b ;张道海等 ,1 989)、脂肪酸 (Weeleretal.,1 986)、血清 (Bakeretal.,1 981 ;孙慧君等 ,1 991 )、宿主特异性 (Baker,1 987;Torreyetal.,1 989)、DNA同源性 (Fermamdexetal.,1 989;Akimovetal.,1 992 )、基因组 (Dobritsa ,1 985 )和质粒的限制酶切图谱 (Simonetetal.,1 985 )等诸多方面进行了分析 ,但由于研究的菌株数量有限 ,且培养过程中菌株的生物学特性易发生变异 ,因而迄今为止仍没有一种有效的种的分类方法。近年来 ,1 6SrDNA及其 1 6S～ 2 3SrDNA间隔序列作为一个分子标记 ,广泛应用于各种微生物的分子遗传差异和分类鉴定研究 (韦革宏等 ,1 999;冯瑞华 ,2...     

光肩星天牛世代分化及有效积温的研究

该文研究了光肩星天牛 Anoplophora glabripennis(Motsch.)世代分化现象 ,测定了卵期、幼虫和蛹期及全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明 90 %左右个体为 1年 1代 ,1 0 %左右个体因卵孵化较迟 ,翌年有效积温仍未满足发育需要而形成 2年 1代。卵期、幼虫和蛹期及全世代发育起点温度分别为 1 1 .9± 1 .0 9℃、1 5 .2± 1 .87℃和 1 3.4± 0 .30℃ ,有效积温分别为 1 98.1± 1 5 .1 7日度、1 2 31 .89± 99.95日度和 1 2 6 4.2± 1 88.2 8日度     

不同氮磷钾配比对“长新1号”盆栽西瓜生长和产量的影响

以少籽西瓜新品种“长新1号”为试验材料,运用“3414”施肥设计,调查了不同氮磷钾配比对“长新1号”西瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明:处理14(N2P1K1)主蔓长最大,达190.7 cm,功能叶片数也较多,达25片。处理14(N2P1K1)单瓜重最大,达到4.4 kg。因此认为,处理14(N2P1K1)是“长新1号”盆栽西瓜比较合适的施肥水平。     

园林地被植物连钱草的组培繁殖试验

针对黑龙江省耐阴植物连钱草开展组培快繁试验,结果表明:连钱草在设计的几种培养基中均能繁殖、分化;筛选出增殖培养基1/2MS+BA1mg·L-1+NAA1mg·L-1和生根培养基1/2MS+NAA0.1mg·L-1+IBA0.1mg·L-1两个培养基,并在蛭石+草炭土+珍珠岩1∶1∶1的基质中移栽生长良好。     

Potential to harness superior nutritional qualities of exotic baobabs if local adaptation can be conferred through grafting

Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral contents and B₁ and B₂ vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B₁ 88 mg 100 g⁻¹, B₂ 187 mg 100 g⁻¹, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations.     

泡桐叶片蛋白质多态性及其聚类分析(英文)

根据白花泡桐（Paulownia fargesii）、白花兰考泡桐（P.elongata f. alba）、毛泡 桐（P. tomentosa）、川泡桐（P. fargesii）、山明泡桐（P. lamprophylla）、成都泡桐 (P. albiphloea var chengtuensis)、鄂川泡桐（P. albiphloea）、南方泡桐（P. austra lis）、白花泡桐（P. fortunei）、兰考泡桐（P. elongata）叶片蛋白质单向电泳和双向 电泳结果，可将它们聚类分为白花泡桐组（白花泡桐和白花兰考泡桐）、南方泡桐组（南方 泡桐和成都泡桐）和毛泡桐组（毛泡桐、川泡桐、鄂川泡桐、山明泡桐和兰考泡桐）。该结 果为泡桐属植物的分类提供了参考依据，也为泡桐属植物种确立、杂种鉴定和新品种培育奠 定了基础。     

Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of Douglas-fir transplanted container seedlings with commercially produced inoculum

Commercially produced vegetative inocula of Laccaria laccata and Hebeloma crustuliniforme successfully formed ectomycorrhizae with Douglas-fir transplanted container (plug+1) seedlings. After 4.5 months in containers, 83% and 90%, respectively, of short roots were mycorrhizal. L. laccata- or H. crustuliniforme-inoculated seedlings had significantly more mycorrhizal and total short roots than Pisolithus tinctorius-inoculated (4% mycorrhizal root tips) or uninoculated control seedlings. No significant differences were detected in seedling growth at the end of the container phase.After transplantation and growth in nursery beds for 17 months, mean new short root colonization of all seedlings was 80%. H. crustuliniforme persisted as a dominant mycorrhizal fungus on seedlings initially inoculated with this fungus. L. laccata-inoculated seedlings had 40% of their short roots colonized by L. laccata and another 40% by native fungi Rhizopogon and Thelephora spp. All mycorrhizae of control seedlings and those inoculated with P. tinctorius were formed by fungi native to the nusery beds. A significant fungal treatment effect was detected for shoot height only. Control seedlings were significantly taller than L. laccata-inoculated seedlings after transplanting.This article is part of senior author's thesis in partial fulfillment of the Ph.D. degree in the Department of Forest Science at Oregon State University, Corvallis.     

Protein diversity ofPaulownia plant leaves and clusters

Paulownia tomentosa, P. fargesii, P. lamprorhylla, P. albiphloea, P. australis, P. fortunei, P. elongata, P. elongata f. alba andP. albiphloea varchenggtuensis were classified into three groups:P. fortunei group (P. fortunei andP. elongata f. alba);P. australis group (P. australis andP. albiphloea varchenggtuensis) andP. tomentasa group (P. tomentasa, P. fargesii, P. albiprhlaca, P. lamproprhylia andP. elongata) accordance to the results of the single and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE of protein in thePaulownia tree leaves. The result could lay a foundation for classifying the GenusPaulownia plants. Foundation Item: This paper was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China and Nature Science Foundation of Henan Province. Biography: FAN Guo-qiang (1964-), male, Professor in Institute ofPaulownia Henan Agriculture University. Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Rehabilitation of diseased cacao fields in Peru through shade regulation and timing of biocontrol measures

The objective of this case study was to test the effectiveness of biocontrol for the rehabilitation of abandoned, diseased (moniliasis, witches' broom and black pod) cocoa and to develop testable hypotheses regarding the effect of shade and biocontrol timing. Three trial fields differed in their shade regimes. Biocontrol was administered starting either at flowering or pod filling. Disease incidence and yield were compared with cultural control alone. Biocontrol reduced moniliasis from 49% to 25%, independent of the shading regime and application time. Witches' broom was most severe without shade and unaffected by biocontrol. No significant effects on black pod were observed. Although biocontrol increased percentage healthy fruit independent of shading and timing, only the shaded plot with biocontrol from flowering onwards responded with increased yield. Our hypothesis is: 'In the rehabilitation of abandoned cacao, only fields under sustainable shade management and early onset of biocontrol can realise their production potential.' This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Some biological interactions between the parasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anagyrus pseudococci</Emphasis> (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and its host <Emphasis Type="Italic">Planococcus ficus</Emphasis> (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)

The development, longevity, fecundity and life-table parameters of the endoparasitoid Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), 15 d.o. (3rd-instar nymphs) and 21 d.o. (young adult females) of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) at 28 ± 1°C, 65 ± 10%RH and 16:8h L:D under laboratory conditions. The developmental time of female parasitoids within the host was 17.7 ± 0.39 days in 15 d.o. and 16.65 ± 0.25 days in 21 d.o. hosts; for males, development time was 16.85 ± 0.29 and 15.25 ± 0.09 days, respectively. The average number of offspring per female was 22.35 ± 1.68 in 15 d.o. and 34.8 ± 2.56 in 21 d.o. vine mealybugs. The longevity of female parasitoids was 14.8 ± 0.98 days in 15 d.o. and 15.65 ± 0.92 days in 21 d.o. mealybugs, respectively; for males, longevity was determined as 7.3 ± 0.43 and 6.7 ± 0.54 days, respectively. The mean time of pupation was 7.85 ± 0.003 days in 15 d.o. mealybugs and 8.65 ± 0.003 days in 21 d.o. mealybugs. The aggregate encapsulation rate in the parasitized 15 d.o. mealybugs was 49.73 and 60.36% in 21 d.o. mealybugs. Furthermore, effective encapsulation was 24.82% in 15 d.o. mealybugs and 37.50% in 21 d.o. mealybugs. Population growth rate (r _m) for A. pseudococci was 0.0999 female/female/days in 15 d.o. mealybugs and 0.1269 female/female/days in 21 d.o. mealybugs. The mean population generation time was 23.49 days for parasitoids reared in 15-days-old and 22.39 days when reared in 21 d.o. mealybugs.     

Defoliation by the Needle-shortening Pine Gall Midge,Thecodiplosis brachyntera,on Pines in Central Sweden

An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation.     

Litterfall,litter decomposition and the use of mulch of four indigenous tree species in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica

Litterfall, forest-floor litter biomass and nutrients, short-term litter decomposition and the effects of leaf mulches on initial growth of maize were studied for four indigenous tree species with agroforestry potential:Stryphnodendron microstachyum Poepp. et Endl.(S. excelsum), Vochysia ferruginea Mart,Vochysia guatemalensis Donn. Sm. (V. hondurensis) andHyeronima alchorneoides (O), growing in a young experimental plantation in the Atlantic humid lowlands of Costa Rica. Total annual leaf litterfall was higher inV. ferruginea plots, followed byS. microstachyum, V. guatemalensis andH. alchorneoides; all with values comparable to those reported for other tree species grown in agroforestry combinations in humid tropical regions. Forest-floor litter accumulation was highest underV. ferruginea andV. guatemalensis. Both litterfall and forest-floor litter material had similar patterns in nutrient concentrations: N was higher inS. microstachyum, Ca was higher inV. guatemalensis, K was higher inH. alchorneoides; Mg was higher inV. guatemalensis andH. alchorneoides; H. alchorneoides andV. guatemalensis had the highest P.V. ferruginea litter decomposed more slowly, whileS. microstachyum apparently decomposed faster than the other species. The twoVochysia species showed increases in N and P concentration in decomposing litter after seven weeks in the field,H. alchorneoides showed an increase in litter N and a decrease in litter P, andS. microstachyum showed a net decrease in both N and P over the same time period. The patterns found in the litter bag study were confirmed by results obtained in a tethered-leaves experiment.S. microstachyum andV. ferruginea litters lost more weight when mixed in a 11 proportion than either of them alone. Maize seedlings growing in plots mulched withS. microstachyum andH. alchorneoides leaves showed greatest initial growth, confirming patterns found in decomposition and nutrient release studies. The results show that these species could be used in agroforestry combinations with different advantages according to the specific objectives desired, whether these are soil protection, nutrient recycling, or enhancement of the growth of associated crops.     

Nitrogen contribution of five leguminous trees and shrubs to alley cropped maize in Ibadan, Nigeria

There are abundant local legume trees and shrubs potentially suitable for alley cropping systems in the sub-Saharan Africa, which are yet to be studied. The nitrogen contribution of two years old Albizia lebbeck and S. corymbosato yield of maize grown in alley cropping was compared to that of Senna siamea, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala in four seasons at Ibadan. Maize shoot biomass and maize grain yield in A. lebbeck alley compared favourably with that in G. sepium and L. leucocephala. Maize biomass and grain yield in S. corymbosa alleys were the lowest. Within A. lebbeck, L. leucocpehala, and G. sepium alleys there were no significant differences in the maize yield in the alleys that received 0, 40 or 80 kg N/ha. Application of more than 40 kg N/ha in S. corymbosa alleys was not necessary as there was no significant increase in maize yield at the higher level of nitrogen. Maize yield and N uptake in A. lebbeck alleys were not significantly different from yield and N uptake in G. sepium, and L. leucocephala at the same fertilizer level. There was a significant correlation between hedgerow tree biomass and maize grain yield. At the end of twelve weeks after pruning application, the organic residues of the pruning applied in the alleys ranged from 5% in G. sepium and 44% in A. lebbeck in the first year compared with the original pruning applied which showed that the slow rate of A. lebbeck decomposition could have a beneficial effect on the soil. The maize N recovery from applied N fertilizer was low (10–22%). Percentage N recovery from the prunings was low in the non-N fixing trees (12–22%), while the recovery was high (49–59%) in A. lebbeck as well as in the other nitrogen fixing tree prunings. Thus A. lebbeck, apart from enhancing maize growth and grain yield like in L. leucocephala and G. sepium, had an added advantage because it remained longer as mulching material on the soil because of its slow rate of decomposition. It was able to survive pruning frequencies with no die-back. This indicates that A. lebbeck is a good potential candidate for alley cropping system in West Africa. S. corymbosa performed poorly compared with the other legume trees. Though it responded to N fertilizer showing a positive interaction between the hedgerow and fertilizer application, it had a high die back rate following pruning periods and termite attack.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.