青格达湖自然保护区外来入侵植物调查

采用线路调查与样方调查相结合的方法,对青格达湖自然保护区不同功能区内的外来入侵植物进行野外实地调查。结果表明,实验区、缓冲区和核心区都有外来入侵植物的分布。在实验区样方内共调查了24种植物,其中外来入侵植物6种,占调查植物总数的25%;在缓冲区样方内共调查了30种植物,其中外来入侵植物6种,占植物总数的20%;在核心区样方内共调查了23种植物,其中外来入侵植物1种,占植物总数的4.35%。     

甘肃河西地区农田外来杂草调查和危害评价

调查表明,甘肃河西地区有外来杂草40种,隶属16 科32 属。外来杂草以禾本科、豆科、菊科、苋科、藜科等少数几个科为主,共计25种,占总数的62. 5%。调查发现原产地为欧洲的杂草种类最多,有19 种,占入侵杂草的47. 5%。其入侵方式以无意引入为主,有24 种,占入侵杂草的60. 0%。从危害程度上看,藜、反枝苋、田旋花、曼陀罗、狗尾草、稗草危害最重。目前还没有发现对甘肃河西地区的生态安全构成严重危害的杂草。建议在引种植物中,针对性地开展基础研究,加强检疫和宣传,提高防范意识和保护生物多样性意识,建立外来植物的预警机制,预防入侵植物带来的不必要损失。调查表明,甘肃河西地区有外来杂     

中国养殖业中的外来物种入侵现象调查分析

采用文献调研、实地考察与专家咨询相结合的方法对调查了中国养殖业中外来物种入侵现象进行了调查。初步查明了中国养殖业中外来入侵物种种类共计27科40种,其中外来入侵水生植物、陆生植物、无脊椎动物、脊椎动物分别为5种、10种、3种、22种;来源于美洲、欧洲、非洲、亚洲和中国不同生态环境的分别有22种、3种、6种、3种、6种;中国养殖业中的外来物种入侵途径以不当的有目的的引入为主;外来物种入侵已对中国生物多样性、人民健康和经济造成了严重影响。针对中国养殖业中造成外来物种入侵的原因,需要采取必要的防治措施以促进中国养殖业的顺利发展。     

粤东地区入侵植物的克隆性与入侵性研究

为了研究粤东地区外来种的入侵机制,通过野外调查与文献查阅,对粤东地区入侵植物的入侵性与克隆性进行统计和分析。结果表明,粤东地区入侵植物种类丰富,隶属38科约127种,其中70.08%的植物原产美洲,尤其是南美洲(51.18%);各入侵性（强、中、弱）包含的入侵植物种数依次为22、42、63种;具有克隆性的入侵植物共约55种,占全部入侵植物的43.31%;在强、中、弱3种入侵性中,具有克隆性的种数分别为10、15、30,所占比例分别为45.45%、35.71%、47.62%。粤东地区入侵植物的克隆性与入侵性之间存在一定的相关性,具有克隆性的植物能快速的增大植株和累积生物量而成为入侵群落中的单优种群,因此克隆性是部分外来植物成功入侵粤东地区的重要机制之一。     

英国利用昆虫遏制外来杂草入侵

<正>原产于日本的蓼科杂草在英国疯狂繁殖,对当地植物造成严重影响。英国研究人员为此专门培育出一种昆虫,使用生物手段遏制外来杂草入侵     

北京松山自然保护区外来入侵植物研究

为了对松山地区外来植物进行长期有效的监测和管理,防止其对当地的自然生态系统造成破坏,对松山国家级自然保护区的植物进行了详细的样方调查,并对保护区外来入侵植物的分布和相对盖度进行分析。结果表明：松山自然保护区共发现外来植物入侵植物23种,隶属于12科17属,其中大麻(Cannabis sativa)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、萱草(Hemerocallis fulva)、洋槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、荷包豆(Phaseolus coccineus)等较为常见,影响外来植物入侵的主要因素是道路修建和坡向。该区域的外来物种的各种群规模不大,且多集中在人为活动较为频繁的实验区,对保护区内重点保护的天然次生油松林以及落叶阔叶次生林的生态系统并不存在特别大的威胁。     

第三批中国外来入侵物种名单正式公布

<正>近年来,外来入侵物种已成为影响我国生物多样性和生态系统功能的重要因素。为了保护生物多样性、维护生态系统功能,预防和控制外来物种入侵,环境保护部与中国科学院经认真调查、分析和研究,提出《中国外来入侵物种名单(第三批)》,并予发布。据悉,本次发布的第三批中国外来入侵物种名单共包括18种生物,其中植物10种,分别是反枝苋、钻形紫菀、三叶鬼针草、小蓬草、苏门白酒草、一年蓬、假臭草、刺苍耳、圆叶牵牛、长刺蒺     

入侵杂草对多年生黑麦草种子萌发的化感作用

用外来入侵杂草地上部分及根系不同浓度提取液对多年生黑麦草种子进行室内萌发培养实验,分别测定种子最终萌发率、根长及苗高来研究这些杂草是否对多年生黑麦草萌发及幼苗生长存在化感作用。结果表明:外来入侵杂草有部分对多年生黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长存在化感作用。在自然条件下,外来入侵杂草容易形成单一优势种落,对多年生黑麦草草坪具有较大的危害潜力。     

水葫芦和紫茎泽兰的启示——话说外来植物入侵

<正> 1998年出版的《中国生物多样性国情研究报告》指出:"目前中国已知的外来有害植物近60种。"报告还列出了58种"中国已知外来有害植物",其中包括水葫芦、紫茎泽兰、飞机草、普通豚草等一些被媒体屡次报道的外来入侵植物。前不久,笔者在贵州、广东等地又目睹了紫茎泽兰、薇甘菊(一种新出现的外来入侵者)等外来植物的猖撅入侵,对外来有害生物对本地生态系统和生物多样性的威胁产生了深刻认识。但静下心来细细想想,又有一些异样的感觉。是敌人,还是朋友在我们的周围,植物"入侵者"的身影时常可见。据专家统计,世界各地的杂     

长江下游流域水产养殖外来物种调查研究

长江下游流域是中国湖泊最多的地方,气候温暖湿润,兼有暖温带和亚热带等多样性气候条件,水产养殖条件得天独厚。来自世界各地的水产养殖物种都有可能在长江下游地区找到适合生长的栖息地。因此,进行长江下游流域水产养殖外来物种调查研究对完善中国外来入侵水产养殖生物信息数据库和环境风险评估体系具有十分重要的意义。2005年6月—2007年6月,采用文献调研、实地考察与专家咨询相结合的方式在长江下游流域范围内对水产养殖外来物种入侵现象进行了调查研究。结果表明,目前长江下游水产养殖外来物种共计45种,其中鱼类33种、贝类4种、甲壳类7种、两栖类1种;外来物种多来源于美洲,传播途径多为有意引进。     

Deliberate and unintentional introduction of invasive weeds: A case study of the alien flora of Ukraine

Summary Based on the analysis of invasions of alien plants in Ukraine, the impact of non-native plant species upon the native flora and adverse consequences of their spread are assessed. A case study gives examples of the role of alien plants in fragmentation of populations of native species; contamination of genetic resources of rare and endangered native species, formation of new ecotypes and hybridization with native taxa, disruption of the structure of natural plant communities as a result of introduction of alien species and formation of specific plant communities with domination of aliens. Arguments are provided against uncontrolled casual introductions and subsequent escape from cultivation as a result of ill-judged deliberate introduction of plants for ornamental, agricultural, technical, forestry, and other uses without any preliminary assessment of their invasion potential in the region concerned. Invasions of alien plants promote dramatic changes in the taxonomic, geographical, and ecological patterns of local floras, disruptions in the phytosociological spectrum, spectra of biomorphs, deterioration of zonal peculiarities of the flora, and finally lead to the decline of the vegetation productivity. A list of highly invasive plant species threatening forest, steppe, and submediterranean zones of East Europe is provided.     

外来入侵植物与地下生态系统相互影响的研究进展

摘要：生物入侵已成为世界性的生态、经济问题,是人类当前面临的巨大挑战。作为入侵生物中一个重要组分的外来入侵植物,其入侵不仅改变了入侵地地上植物群落的多样性,而且对入侵地的地下生态系统也产生了深刻影响。国内外的生态学家对于外来植物的入侵虽已提出多个机制假说,但真正机理还未明确。近年来兴起的外来入侵植物与入侵地土壤生态过程相互影响的研究为外来植物入侵机理的揭示提供了新思路。本文从两个方面综述了近年来对外来入侵植物与入侵地地下生态系统相互作用的研究结果：（1）入侵植物与入侵地土壤微生物的相互影响：外来入侵植物可通过破坏土著植物与土壤微生物间的共生关系、分泌化感物质影响入侵地微生物群落结构和功能、逃避原产地土传天敌、改变入侵地的微生物群落结构进而间接改变土壤养分循环等途径实现入侵;（2）入侵植物与入侵地土壤养分的相互影响：主要是入侵植物与入侵地土壤氮、磷、钾等几种大量元素及其他元素之间的相互作用。在综述国内外研究的基础上,探讨了外来入侵植物入侵机理研究中存在的问题及未来的研究方向,以期为外来植物入侵的预防、控制与生境恢复提供依据。     

Minnesota horticultural industry survey on invasive plants

Summary Horticultural commerce of ornamental plants has been the source of many of our most troublesome plant invaders worldwide. The purpose of this research was to document the knowledge gap of industry perspectives and knowledge of invasive ornamental crops by surveying industry professionals in the Midwest region of the U.S. (primarily in the state of Minnesota). An invasive plant survey was created to assess this information and was mailed to n = 500 individuals and companies randomly chosen from the Minnesota Nursery and Landscape Association (MNLA) membership, which included wholesale/retail nurseries, landscape design, installation & maintenance firms, and retail garden centers. A total of n = 167 surveys (33.4%) were returned and analyzed. A majority of respondents, 62%, felt that the invasive plant issue was very important and 89% tried to direct their customers away from potentially invasive plants. Many respondents, 76%, indicated that they were responsible for educating their customers about invasive ornamental plants. Sixty-nine percent said that they would not sell a plant if it was potentially invasive; however, 57% indicated that this would be true if a competing business was selling the plant. Respondent’s knowledge about specific invasive plants varied from 75% to 89% on the identification of three terrestrial invasive plant crops. Far less, 20% and 21%, were able to identify Butomus umbellatus and Salvinia molesta, respectively, two invasive aquatic species. When asked about regulation of invasive ornamental crops, 43% preferred national, state, or USDA regulation while 22% felt industry self-regulation was best, and 21% approved of private regulation. Opportunities exist for educating horticulture industry professionals about invasive plants and providing information to the public through commercial businesses. Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 051210150 of the Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota.     

As the world gets smaller, the chances of invasion grow

Summary While the issue of invasive alien species has important biological components, economic factors such as global trade deserve much greater attention for several reasons. First, virtually all of our planet’s ecosystems have a strong and increasing anthropogenic component that is being fed by increasing globalisation of the economy. Second, people are designing the kinds of ecosystems they find productive or congenial, incorporating species from all parts of the world through quicker and more efficient means of transportation. And third, growing travel and trade, coupled with weakening customs and quarantine controls, mean that people are both intentionally and inadvertently introducing alien species that may become invasive. The great increase in the introduction of alien species that people are importing for economic, aesthetic, accidental, or even psychological reasons is leading to more species invading native ecosystems, with disastrous results: they become invasive alien species (IAS) that have significant deleterious effects on both ecosystems and economies. This paper examines some of the important non-biological dimensions of the IAS problem, including historical, economic, cultural, linguistic, health, sociological, management, legal, military, ethical, and political dimensions. These are addressed in terms of the causes, consequences, and responses to the problem of IAS. These dimensions of IAS are fundamental, and successfully addressing the problem will call for greater collaboration between different economic sectors and among a wide range of disciplines. The Convention on Biological Diversity, the negotiations of the World Trade Organisation, and many other international agreements offer important opportunities for addressing the complex global problems of IAS through improved international cooperation.     

小东江污染段滨岸植物与生态恢复

对污染较严重的小东江茂名段的滨岸植物进行了初步调查,共录得维管束植物31科67属77种。发现外来入侵植物25种,占调查种数的32.47％,应引起注意。在5个调查地点中,彭村、乌石和旧村的植物组成较好,市总排和官渡桥的植物组成较差,滨岸植物的组成与水体污染的程度有关。竹叶草、星毛蕨、芋、大马蓼、水蔗草等适应性较强的非入侵植物对小东江生态恢复具有重要意义;另外,也推荐了其他一些抗污染力强的水生或湿生植物以供参考。     

外来入侵植物假臭草的化感作用研究

为了深入研究假臭草对入侵作物的危害及其入侵机制,用蒸馏水超声提取假臭草的有效成分,以绿豆、萝卜、春菜和牛筋草为受体,利用培养皿滤纸法研究假臭草超声提取物对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,高浓度的假臭草超声提取液能显著的抑制颗粒小的种子的萌发,抑制植物幼根的生长;0.2%-0.4%的假臭草超声提取液能显著的促进绿豆、萝卜和春菜幼芽的生长,提高其幼叶叶绿素a的含量。