基于土壤植被水文模型的县域夏收作物渍害风险评估

为开展县级渍害风险评估与区划,该文利用分布式土壤植被水文模型（distributed hydrology soil vegetation model, DHSVM）,以天为步长模拟1970年至2014年每年夏收作物生长期（3月、4月）的土壤表层水分的空间分布,结合夏收作物渍害水分指标,分析监利县各区域受渍害情况,进一步得到监利县夏收作物受渍害情况的空间分布,其中无渍害区、轻度渍害区、中度渍害区和重度渍害区分别占监利县农田面积的2.7%、55.7%、26.5%和15.1%。该研究结果为监利县渍害精准治理、农作物产业结构调整与规划提供了基础数据。     

受渍指数构建及其在长江中下游小麦渍害风险评估中的应用

渍害是长江中下游地区影响小麦生长发育的一种主要农业气象灾害,针对目前渍害评估方法中考虑致灾因子不全面和没有考虑作物耐渍性生育期差异等问题,该研究提出了以整个生长季受渍指数表征小麦受渍程度特征的量化模型。该模型综合考虑了土壤低氧对根系影响和不同生育期内小麦耐渍性差异,并将2016—2022年SMAP(soil moisture active passive)土壤表层含水率产品数据代入模型中计算长江中下游地区各栅格点（10 km×10 km）受渍指数值,通过分析受渍指数与小麦产量的关系,确定受渍指数5.3为是否受渍的阈值,从而得到长江中下游地区受渍率空间分布,并依据受渍率进行分区风险评估。结果表明：湖北省、安徽省、江苏省小麦发生渍害地区主要集中在长江沿线,即各省南部,主要以中风险区为主;湖南省、江西省小麦发生渍害高风险区主要集中在各省的中部,2省其他区域都为中风险区。长江中下游地区全域无渍害区面积占20.0%,低风险区占14.8%,中风险区占30.1%,高风险区占35.7%。研究可为作物渍害精细化风险评估提供可靠的方法与手段。     

基于时空滤波Sentinel-1时序数据的田块尺度岭南作物分布提取

为解决岭南地区作物制图中光学影像时空覆盖缺失以及作物种植结构复杂导致不确定性高等问题,以满足对高精度作物制图日益迫切的应用需求。该研究提出了一种基于Sentinel-1的双极化时间序列和作物物候信息建立时空维度典型物候特征的作物分类方法,选择广州市南沙区为试验区,通过XGBoost机器学习算法,实现了田块尺度下的不同作物类型的准确识别及种植面积的精细提取。结果表明：1）相比像素时序特征分类结果,经过雷达时空滤波后的田块时序特征分类方法不仅能有效抑制合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）影像斑点噪声产生,而且总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别提高了12.5个百分点、0.19;2）与仅基于Sentinel-1(VV+VH)时空滤波后的全年时序特征分类方法相比,在分类过程中添加物候特征变量的方法表现出更高的精度,Kappa系数可达0.91,甘蔗和香蕉播种面积提取精度分别达到82.04%和71.01%。研究结果表明中高分辨率SAR影像（10 m×10 m）时间序列结合XGBoost算法和雷达数据时空滤波策略可实现区域作物准确识别及种植面积提取,同时,可从数据源与分类方法上为岭南地区农业遥感应用提供思路,对该地区农业灾害管理和灾后救助具有重要参考价值。     

时空协同的地块尺度作物分布遥感提取

地块尺度作物分布信息清晰直观地反映了农田位置、空间形态等空间细节和种植类型信息,对精准农业管理、种植补贴发放和农业资源调查等具有重要价值。虽然遥感时空协同思路为地块尺度作物分布提取提供了解决方案,但在农田地块提取和时序特征构建方面尚存在不足。该研究基于遥感时空协同的思路,以Google Earth高空间分辨率影像为底图,利用擅于学习影像视觉特征的D-LinkNet深度学习模型,快速、精准提取农田地块形态;以地块为观测单元,利用Landsat8和Sentinel-2多源遥感的"碎片化"无云数据构建地块时序数据集,基于加权Double-Logistic函数重建地块归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)时序曲线;提取地块物候特征和多时相光谱特征,经过特征优选和随机森林分类模型构建,开展地块尺度作物分布制图。以广西扶绥县为研究区开展试验,共提取地块43.7万个,边界准确率为84.54%,相较于常规基于多尺度分割的地块提取,基于D-LinkNet的地块提取方法直接排除了非农田地物的干扰,地块形态与现实情况符合度更高;地块NDVI时间序列重建结果能够较好地捕捉作物开始生长、旺盛期、成熟收获期的动态变化趋势;分类特征重要性评价结果显示,红边特征、与时间相关的物候特征在分类中发挥重要作用,当联合物候特征和光谱特征时分类效果最佳;根据特征重要性分析不同特征数量情况下的分类精度,当特征数量大于40维时,作物分类精度和Kappa系数保持稳定,总体分类精度维持在88%左右;对扶绥县地块尺度作物分布进行制图,提取甘蔗地块277 421个、水稻地块33 747个、香蕉地块4 973个、柑橘地块102 055个,分别占农田地块总数的63.48%、7.72%、1.14%、23.35%,种植面积占比分别为69.78%、7.12%、1.71%、18.06%。该研究在理论上构建了遥感时空协同的地块尺度作物分类模型,为大范围、地块尺度作物分布遥感提取提供了实用化方案。     

秸秆覆盖对春玉米农田土壤水分的调控作用

根据山西寿阳试验区年内降水时空分布不均，季节性干旱发生频繁，致使粮食产量低而不稳的现状，于1998～1999年进行了春玉米地秸秆覆盖农田水分调控试验，以减少土壤表层水分蒸发、提高降水利用效率，促进试验区农业的稳定、持续发展。研究结果表明，秸秆覆盖具有明显的抑蒸保墒效应，有效地利用了有限的降水资源，土壤储水量明显增加，促进了农田水分的良性循环，有利于作物的生长和产量形成，因而水分效益显著，不同降水年份，每公顷玉米产量增加582～2235.1kg，作物水分利用效率分别提高0.14～0.50kg/(mm     

基于GF-1和Sentinel-2时序数据的茶园识别

由于茶园大多分布在地形复杂的山区,地块破碎,分布零散,形状差异大、植被混杂且茶园所处环境长期受到云雨的影响,增加了茶园遥感识别的难度与不确定性,针对这一问题,该研究提出了利用高分1号(GF-1)和哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)时序数据提取茶园的方法,以浙江省武义县王宅镇为研究区,采用GF-1号为主要数据源,并利用MODIS地表反射率产品和Sentinel-2反射率数据,基于时空融合算法得到时间分辨率5 d的10 m Sentinel-2完整的时序数据。综合利用GF-1在空间细节方面的优势和重建的Sentinel-2高观测频率时序数据在反映茶树生长过程方面的优势,分别基于GF-1的光谱和纹理特征及GF-1的光谱、纹理特征和Sentinel-2时序特征两种特征组合方式,采用随机森林算法提取茶园。结果表明,GF-1光谱、纹理信息结合Sentinel-2时序信息分类结果的准确率、错误率、精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为96.91%、3.09%、89.00%、83.09%和0.86,仅基于GF-1光谱和纹理信息的分类准确率、错误率、精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为94.72%、5.28%、73.09%、84.61%和0.78,添加时序信息分类结果总体优于未添加时序信息的分类结果。表明高空间分辨率结合高频率时序遥感数据是提高茶园分类精度的有效手段。     

华北平原典型干旱年土壤水分及灌溉特征遥感分析

华北平原作为我国的粮食主产区,土壤水分是制约作物生长的主要限制因子.本文首次运用土壤水分指数数据,对华北平原土壤水分以及灌溉特征进行空间分析,旨在为区域尺度农田旱情以及农作物产量的实时监测与预报提供相关参考.研究基于1993-2002年华北平原逐旬降雨数据和主动微波遥感反演的土壤水分指数数据,应用地统计分析方法,分析典型干旱年(1999年)该区表层土壤水分时空变异特征,并提取和分析小麦生长期内的灌溉信息;通过对逐句的降水和土壤水分数据的空间叠置分析,提取区域内的灌溉信息.结果表明:1999年降水量比多年(1993-2002年)平均量少约140mm;1999年土壤水分变化与降水变化整体保持一致,低于多年平均水平,春季和夏季,土壤水分减少尤为明显,土壤干旱非常普遍;小麦生长期内,大部分地区均存在不同程度的灌溉,其中中部地区灌溉次数最少,占研究区面积的65％左右的南部和北部地区灌溉次数多为2～3旬次.采用降水量和遥感水分监测数据,可以分析土壤水分变化的原因,提取灌溉的范围和时间特征,并可为旱情遥感监测提供科学参考.     

淮河流域农田旱涝逐日监测指标优化及适用性分析

淮河流域是中国农业旱涝灾害发生最为频繁的地区之一。研究该区农田旱涝时空格局特征,建立主要粮食作物农田旱涝动态监测方法,并提升其时效性与精细化水平,能为区域农田水资源合理调配提供参考。该研究选取1971-2020年淮河流域173个气象站点逐日气象观测数据和土壤水分数据,针对区域土壤及主要种植作物相关特性,优化了农田水分收支项,并计算了站点日尺度标准化前期降水蒸散指数（Standardized Antecedent Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SAPEI）。对SAPEI在淮河流域农田旱涝监测中的适用性进行评价,同时基于SAPEI分析了淮河流域50 a农田旱涝时空特征。结果表明：基于三参数log-Logistic概率分布拟合方法适用于淮河流域SAPEI的计算。SAPEI能较真实地反映面上逐日农田旱涝变化,有93%样本计算的Kappa系数超过0.6,与实际田间土壤墒情旱涝等级一致性程度达到高度一致或者几乎完全一致。基于SAPEI的旱涝时空分布特征显示年平均SAPEI呈上升趋势,总体表现出干旱趋于缓和;冬小麦生育期呈下降趋势,在1992年发生突变,由正常逐渐转变为偏旱;一季稻生育期正负波动明显;夏玉米生育期呈上升趋势,其中2001-2010年指数持续大于0,处于明显偏湿时段。从空间分布来看,流域大部分站点干旱呈现缓和趋势。SAPEI在淮河流域农田旱涝监测中具有较好的适用性,基于该指数开展旱涝监测和评估,能有效预防并减轻农田旱涝对作物影响,并为防灾减灾措施的制定提供决策依据。     

基于HJ-1 CCD的县域农作物种植结构提取和时空分析(英文稿)

作物分类和时空变化监测信息可以为农业管理提供依据,多年作物种植结构图反映了作物种植方式的变化,对经济和社会分析起着重要作用。然而,用于绘制作物分布图的卫星影像不能同时具有高时间高空间分辨率,在提取作物种类复杂多样地区的种植结构图时,往往难以提供足够的作物生长周期内影像。该研究提出了一种既经济又高效的解决方案,即利用重复周期短的环境一号CCD（HuanJing-1 Charge-Coupled Device,HJ-1 CCD）图像和免费Landsat-8图像来提取中国监利县的作物种植区时空变化图。根据NDVI时间序列曲线定义了不同作物生育期物候指标例如归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）的最大值、日期和天数等,用于作物分类。为了获取物候指标的阈值,首先从15m Landsat-8影像中提取典型种植区,然后利用典型种植区作物生长阶段NDVI时间序列曲线,得到物候指标中的NDVI阈值和时间阈值,再根据这些阈值制定了分类规则,并获得了2009-2016年作物分布图。根据多年主要作物分布图,分析不同作物的土地利用变化。最后利用高空间分辨率卫星图像和监利县统计年鉴中的作物面积数据对作物分类结果进行精度评估。与高空间分辨率图像相比,平均分类精度为84%,与统计作物面积数据相比,分类精度达到81.60%。结果表明,该研究为在像监利县这样复杂地区进行常规的作物分布制图提供了一种可行的分类方法。通过对夏收作物的时空动态变化分析可以发现,油菜农业机械化水平低、劳动力成本高,导致愿意种植油菜的农民较少。对于秋收作物,政府设定了中稻最低收购价标准,大大降低了农民种植中稻的风险,对农民种植秋收作物具有指导作用。     

亚热带红壤坡地季节性干旱空间特征

红壤坡地季节性干旱严重危害农业生产和区域发展。季节性干旱时间上多发生于夏末秋初,但其空间发生特征及原因尚不明确。对2006年和2012年两年的坡耕地7、8月份土壤水分时空变化特征的研究结果表明:0~60 cm土壤含水量随土层深度增加而提高;且表层土壤含水量波动最剧烈,随土壤深度增加,波动减弱,60 cm土层土壤含水量变化极小。林地、草地、裸地和农田四种土地利用方式中,农田最易发生季节性干旱,且主要发生在0~30 cm表层土壤。作物根系分布和根系吸水是导致该区季节性干旱的主要原因,土壤蒸发是另一原因。促进作物根系下扎将是缓解该区季节性干旱的有效途径。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.