PCR检测技术在奶牛结核病鲜乳样本监测中的应用

奶牛结核病是一种严重的人兽共患传染病,为建立可快速评估鲜乳污染状况、追溯传播途径的试验方法,本试验根据牛分枝杆菌基因组合成特异性引物,建立普通PCR方法和实时荧光定量PCR方法,并评价该方法的性能。结果可见,本试验所建立的普通PCR方法和实时荧光定量PCR方法能有效检测牛分枝杆菌目的基因,且均具有较好的敏感性、特异性,可对鲜乳样本进行检测,且实时荧光定量PCR方法比普通PCR方法更敏感。试验结果表明,所建PCR方法可用于鲜乳样本牛分枝杆菌的定性和定量检测,这为鲜乳牛分枝杆菌污染状况和食品安全评估提供重要技术。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎gB基因TaqMan探针及SYBR Green 1荧光定量PCR方法的建立与比较

为建立牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)荧光定量PCR检测方法,本研究利用IBRV g B基因序列设计引物及相应探针,分别建立Taq Man探针与SYBR Green 1荧光定量PCR方法,并对两种方法的敏感性等综合比较。结果显示,SYBR Green 1荧光定量PCR方法的相关系数(R2)为0.998,扩增效率(E)为95.7%;Taq Man探针荧光定量PCR方法的R2为0.999,E为108.3%;两种方法的敏感性均为0.2 TCID50,变异系数均小于3%。综合结果显示,两种检测方法无显著差异。最后,本研究成功建立了检测IBRV的荧光定量PCR,将为IBRV的临床检测提供方法。     

副猪嗜血杆菌荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立基于SYBR Green Ⅰ的快速检测副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)的实时荧光定量PCR方法,参照GenBank公布的HPS的infB基因序列(DQ:781933.1),设计特异性引物;提取HPS基因组,进行PCR扩增,回收目的片段;构建阳性标准模板,建立标准曲线;验证其敏感性、重复性和特异性。结果显示,本试验得到了阳性标准质粒,并建立了标准曲线,线性关系在102copies/μL～108copies/μL检测范围内良好;该方法敏感性达到10copies/μL,比常规PCR高100倍,重复性试验变异系数均小于2.5%,同时对HPS具有良好的特异性。结果表明,本试验建立的副猪嗜血杆菌SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR检测方法可用于临床对HPS的快速诊断和定量检测。     

多重PCR技术同时检测牛传染性鼻气管炎和赤羽病方法的建立和应用

为满足同时对IBRV和AKAV进行快速诊断的需要,根据牛疱疹病毒1型(BHV 1)gB基因序列和赤羽病病毒(AKAV)的S基因序列,设计了2对针对这2种病毒的特异引物,并建立了多重PCR方法,分别对其最佳反应条件、特异性及敏感性进行了测定,结果表明:该方法能同时扩增得到2条与试验设计相符的311 bp(I BRV)和392 bp(AKAV)特异性条带;IBRV的灵敏度为0.13 pg/25μL,AKAV的灵敏度为1.04 pg/25μL。本试验方法的建立对于加强进出口牛IBRV和AKAV的检验检疫具有十分重要的意义。     

非洲猪瘟病毒K196R基因实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种准确、特异、高效、快速的非洲猪瘟病毒定量检测方法,本研究根据非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)早期表达基因K196R的基因序列,设计了TaqMan荧光定量PCR引物及探针,通过优化退火温度、引物及探针浓度,建立了快速检测ASFV的TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果表明,该方法选择的引物具有高度灵敏性和特异性,以构建的重组质粒为标准品建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法的标准曲线具有良好的线性关系(R~2=0.998),对ASFV核酸最低检测下限为1.3拷贝,且与猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒2型等多种病原不存在交叉反应。本研究建立的K196R基因实时荧光定量PCR检测方法为非洲猪瘟疫情提供了一种新型、灵敏和特异的早期检测方法。     

猪星状病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

本研究旨在建立一种能够快速、简便、灵敏地检测猪星状病毒的基于SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR方法。根据已报道的猪星状病毒ORF2基因序列,设计并合成1对引物,通过PCR扩增ORF2基因片段,将测序正确的ORF2基因片段克隆入pMD18-T载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,经测序鉴定后得到阳性重组质粒,作为标准品模板建立SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR标准曲线和熔解曲线,并对其灵敏性、特异性和重复性进行验证。结果表明,猪星状病毒荧光定量PCR的标准曲线Ct值与模板浓度呈良好的线性关系,熔解曲线特异,灵敏度可达1×101拷贝,是普通PCR检测方法的100倍,特异性和重复性较好。本次建立的猪星状病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法具有快速、简便、敏感等优点,有重要的实用价值。     

鸡钙敏感受体实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立检测鸡钙敏感受体的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,通过对鸡钙敏感受体保守区的PCR扩增后,连入pMD18-T载体,制备阳性标准品,进行实时荧光定量PCR。通过对扩增曲线、熔解曲线等试验数据进行分析,得出该检测方法具有良好的稳定性和较高的精确度。本研究成功建立了检测鸡心肌组织钙敏感受体mRNA表达的荧光定量PCR方法,为定量研究鸡钙敏感受体mRNA表达及其与相关疾病的关系奠定基础。     

火鸡疱疹病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

本研究针对火鸡疱疹病毒(Herpesvirus of turkey,HVT)FC-126毒株sorf1基因序列,设计特异性的扩增引物和探针,建立了检测HVT的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,并对其特异性、敏感性和重复性进行检测。结果表明,建立的荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度高,最低可检测到1×10~2 copies/μL,比普通PCR灵敏10倍;对鸭瘟病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒、鹅细小病毒、4型禽腺病毒和8型禽腺病毒均无特异性扩增,具有较好的特异性;组间和组内变异系数均小于1%,表明该方法重复性好。用建立的荧光定量PCR方法对82份HVT样品进行检测,结果43份为阳性,普通PCR只检测出30份阳性样品。结果表明本研究建立的HVT TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法特异性好,灵敏度高,重要性好,为监测HVT的病毒含量提供了一种有效的手段。     

TaqMan荧光定量PCR在饲料沙门氏菌检测中的应用评估

为评估Taq Man荧光定量PCR应用于饲料沙门氏菌检测的可行性,本研究以沙门氏菌JEO402-1基因为靶基因,并采用已建立的沙门氏菌Taq Man荧光定量PCR检测方法,进行了特异性、灵敏度、检测限等相关方法学验证。结果显示:Taq Man荧光定量PCR法特异性良好,在饲料加标样本检测中的最低检测限为2×10~(-1)cfu/m L。重复性试验表明,在不同浓度样本中的变异系数均低于1.0%,具有较高的重复性和稳定性。利用该方法和传统培养法对72份饲料样本进行检测,结果显示两种方法检测结果符合率为65.3%,Taq Man荧光定量PCR法阳性检出率比传统培养法高34.7%;传统培养法检测阳性样本,PCR法检测结果均为阳性。以上结果表明,本研究建立的Taq Man荧光定量PCR法可以应用于饲料样本的沙门氏菌检测。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎gE基因TaqMan-MGB与SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立及应用

为建立检测牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)的荧光定量检测方法，本研究根据IBRV gE基因的序列设计了相应的探针和引物，分别建立TaqMan-MGB探针和SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR方法，并对2种方法进行了综合比较。结果显示，TaqMan-MGB探针和SYBR GreenⅠ定量荧光PCR方法的灵敏度分别达到1.0×10¹ copies/μL和1.0×10² copies/μL;2种荧光定量方法对除IBRV的其他牛病毒和细菌检测结果均为阴性；重复性检测中变异系数均小于2.3%;检测了130份来自西藏的牦牛样品，2种荧光定量PCR阳性检出率均为100%。以上结果表明，2种荧光定量方法都可用于检测IBRV,且TaqMan-MGB荧光定量PCR敏感性高于SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.