优质高效水稻新品种溪野占10的特征特性及栽培技术

溪野占１０是早晚兼用、优质高产高效的水稻新品种。２００１年３月通过广东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。广东省２０００年试种２９７３．３ｈｍ２,２００１年种植９０１３．３ｈｍ２。一、产量表现１９９９年早季广东省区试每６６７ｍ２ 产量为４５７．９４ｋｇ,比对照品种粤香占略增０．５８ % ;２０００年续试每６６７ｍ２产量为４６３．５７ｋｇ,比对照品种粤香占略减２．９９% ;两年平均每６６７ｍ２产量为４６０．７６ｋｇ,比粤香占略减１．２５%。生产试验单产４５０～５００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２。二、特征特性溪野占１０属感温型早、…     

优质抗稻瘟杂交早籼中熟组合华优8830的特性和栽培技术

华优８８３０是华南农业大学农学院用不育系Ｙ华农Ａ与恢复系８８３０配组育成的三系杂交早籼中熟组合 ,丰产性较好 ,米质较优 ,高抗稻瘟病 ,于２００１年１２月和２００２年３月先后通过广西壮族自治区和广东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。一、产量表现１９９６年早季参加广东省杂交水稻新组合中熟组区试 ,１２个试点平均产量为４６６．９ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ ,分别比对照组合华优４４８０和汕优９６增产０．７%和２．１% ,均不显著 ;２００１年早季参加广西桂南稻区早稻中熟组区试 ,７个试点平均产量５００．７ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ ,比对照品种粤…     

中熟早籼新品种长早籼10号的选育及主要栽培技术

长早籼１０号 (原名９５-８１)是湖南省宁乡县农业技术推广中心育成的中熟早籼新品种 ,１９９８年以来 ,经湖南长沙、益阳、湘潭等市及江西省安福等县较大面积的生产示范栽培和湖南省区试 ,均表现出生育期适中、产量高、抗性强、适应性广、米质优等特点。２００２年３月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。一、产量及生育期１９９９～２００１年 ,在湖南省长沙、湘潭、益阳等市以及江西省安福县等地进行较大面积种植 ,一般单产４５０～５００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２。１９９９年在湖南省宁乡县夏铎铺镇六度庵村种植３．７ｈｍ２,虽然当年多阴雨 …     

优质、中熟早籼品种嘉育164的特征特性及其栽培技术要点

嘉育１６４由浙江省嘉兴市农科院杂交育成的优质、高产、中熟早籼品种。２００１年１２月和２００２年２月分别通过浙江、湖北省品种审定。２０００年浙江省种植２７ｈｍ２,２００１年达８６０ｈｍ２,并在湖北等省示范推广。一、产量表现１９９８年浙江省“９４１０”联品试验 ,单产５１６．６ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ ,比对照浙８５２增产１４．５% ,达极显著水平 ,比对照嘉育２９３增产０．６２%。经浙江省“９４１０”协作组推荐 ,１９９９年参加浙江省早籼中熟组区试 ,平均单产４０５．４ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照嘉育２９３仅减产０．３６%。２…     

早籼新品种杭959的特征特性和主要栽培技术

杭９５９是杭州市农科所用杭８８２０与早粳４号杂交 ,经多代选育而成的早籼新品种。自１９９５年定型后进入各级区试和多点示范。通过试种 ,该品系表现株型紧凑、分蘖力强 ,后期青秆黄熟 ,产量高 ,适应性广。２０００年４月已通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。一、产量表现１ 区试产量１９９７年杭州市区试 ,７个点平均单产４１１ ６ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ ,比对照浙８５２增产１０ ９ % ,比舟９０３增产７ ２ % ;１９９８年杭州市区试平均单产４４３ ９ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ ,比对照嘉育２９３增产７ １ %。１９９８～１９９９年金华市区试单产…     

高产、优质、抗病新品种盐稻6号的特征特性及栽培技术

盐稻６号系江苏沿海地区农科所育成的中熟中粳稻新品种。多年多点试验示范结果表明 ,该品种具有高产、稳产、熟期适中、抗性强、适应性广、米质较优等特点 ,是一个综合性状较突出的中粳稻新品种。２００１年１２月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。一、产量表现盐稻６号１９９９～２０００年参加江苏省淮北中粳区域试验 ,两年平均每６６７ｍ２产量６３１．８ｋｇ,比泗稻９号增产８．５ % (极显著 ) ,比镇稻８８增产１．０ % (不显著 ) ,居第四位。２００１年参加江苏省淮北中粳生产试验 ,每６６７ｍ２产量６２３．６ｋｇ,比镇稻８８增产…     

优质杂交早籼华优桂99的特性及栽培技术

优质杂交早籼新组合华优桂９９经多年试验示范 ,表现出优质、高产、高抗稻瘟等特点 ,并于２０００～２００１年先后通过广西、广东及全国农作物品种审定。一、产量表现华优桂９９于１９９８年晚季在藤县和饶平县农科所参加品比 ,平均产量为４６６．０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ 和４２７．４ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,分别比汕优９６和特优６３增产３．７%和２．２% ;１９９９年早季 ,广西自治区新品种筛选试验 ,平均产量４８４．４ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比汕优桂９９减产３．９ %；１９９９和２０００年早季在广东省区域迟熟组初试和复试 ,平均产量初试４６７．…     

优质、高产、多抗中籼水稻新品种青二籼的特征特性及其栽培技术

青二籼系河南省信阳市农科所杂交选育而成的中籼迟熟水稻新品种。２００１年６月通过河南省品种审定委员会审定。在河南省区域试验、生产试验及生产上较大面积试种示范中 ,表现出优质、高产、抗病、熟期适中、稳产性好、适应性广等优点。在豫南稻区示范种植深受群众欢迎 ,具有较为广泛的应用前景。一、产量表现１９９８年参加豫南稻区区域试验 ,平均单产５６７．０５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照品种豫籼３号增产１１．０７% ,达极显著水平 ;１９９９年续试 ,平均单产５９４．０ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照豫籼３号增产３．００ % ;同年交叉参加豫…     

优质中早熟晚粳嘉花1号特征特性及其配套技术

嘉花１号是浙江省嘉兴市农科院新近育成的密穗半矮生型中熟晚粳品种。２００１年桐乡市引进并进行栽培试验 ,着重研究它的生育特性和栽培技术。通过品种区域试验及较大面积试种示范 ,该品种表现出品质优、高产稳产、熟期适中、分蘖力和抗性强、后期转色好等特性 ,较适宜在桐乡市作单季稻、瓜翻稻种植。桐乡市２００１年试种１５４ｈｍ２ ,２００２年扩大试种５６４０ｈｍ２,预计２００３年试种面积在１．６７万ｈｍ２ 左右。一、产量表现１．试验产量在２００１年嘉兴市品比区试中 ,每６６７ｍ２ 产量６００．７ｋｇ ,比对照秀水６３增产７…     

优质高产新品种茉莉新占的特征特性及其栽培技术要点

茉莉新占是广东省农科院水稻所育成的早晚兼用优质新品种。１９９９、２０００年两年晚造参加广东省区试 ,表现出产量高、米质优、适应性较广等特性 ,２００１年３月通过广东省品种审定 ,２００１年早造参加南方稻区优质稻区试。该品种在华南双季稻区可早、晚造兼用 ,华东、华中一带可作晚季稻利用。一、产量表现１９９８年早造本研究室品比试验产量３９１．２ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照粤香占增产５．３% ;晚造本所品比试验产量５１７．５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照粳籼８９增产１５．０ %。１９９９年早造海南省区试 ,茉莉新占产量４２７．７…     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。     

白砂糖干燥与冷却机理及影响

砂糖的含水量、装包温度和仓储条件对其贮存保质具有重要影响。本文从白砂糖的含水分特性、干燥机理和生产过程环节等对白砂糖干燥与冷却的影响进行深入分析。由于结晶过程的包裹现象,砂糖含水分可分为表面和内部水分,白砂糖干燥过程只能去除前者。生产过程中煮糖、分蜜操作对内部水分含量有影响。贮存过程的内部水分的扩散是砂糖降质的根本原因,而装包温度和贮存条件是影响内部水分扩散的外在条件。