浅析当前畜禽调运工作中存在的问题及对策

1 当前畜禽调运中存在的问题 1．1 调运户动物防疫意识不强 一是个别调运户未申领《动物防疫合格证》，没有动物防疫知识和相关法律法规知识．是违规调运的根源．     

Physiological Changes in the Concentrations of Biotin in the Serum and Milk and in the Physical Properties of the Claw Horn in Holstein Cows

Physiological changes in the concentrations of biotin in the serum and milk and in the physical properties of the claw horn were examined in Holstein cows. A lower concentration of biotin in the serum and a higher concentration of biotin in milk were found during early and late lactation and during the dry period, and a significant (p<0.05) inverse correlation was found between serum and milk biotin concentrations. A high moisture content and a low level of hardness of the claw horn were found during mid-lactation. Our results indicate that change in the serum biotin concentration probably results from the loss of biotin in the milk of cows during each stage of lactation and also confirm that the moisture content and hardness of the claw horn undergo physiological changes.     

Microcrack density and length in the proximal and distal metaphyses of the humerus and radius in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To compare microcrack density and length in the proximal and distal metaphyses of the humerus and radius in dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Left humerus and radius from each of 10 dogs of medium to large size. PROCEDURE: Metaphyseal specimens were bulk stained in 1% basic fuchsin in graded alcohols and embedded in methylmethacrylate. For quantification of fatigue-induced microscopic damage, transverse sections were prepared from proximal and distal metaphyseal regions, and length and density of microcracks were determined, using light microscopy. RESULTS: Bone region, age, and body weight were not significantly associated with microcrack density or length. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The hypothesis that fatigue-induced injury (increased microcrack density and length) caused by cyclic loading associated with daily activity is greater in bone regions prone to development of osteosarcoma was not supported by data from this study.     

Comparative ventilation and gas exchange in the horse and the cow

Ventilation and gas exchange were studied in healthy, adult horses and cows, two large species with different lung structures and different breathing patterns. The oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory rate (fR), minute ventilation (VE), alveolar ventilation (VA), alveolar oxygen pressure (PAO2), and VE/VO2 ratio were higher in the cows, while the tidal volume (VT) and physiological dead space (VD) were larger in the horses. The arterial blood gases, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference (PAO2-PaO2) and VD/VT ratio did not differ between the two species. The higher VO2 in the cows was most likely due to the energy cost of standing, and possibly to a higher cost of digestion. The higher VE, VA, VE/VO2 and PAO2 were most likely secondary to the increased VO2 and the slightly higher respiratory exchange ratio (R) in the cows. In contrast to hypotheses based on allometric equations, the PAO2 of horses and cows did not appear to differ from that of smaller mammals. The VD was larger than that predicted from allometric equations, and even though the VD/VT ratio (0.50) was lower than the previously reported values for horses and cows, it was significantly larger than the predicted weight-independent value of 0.36. Re-examination of the data used to derive the equation for VD raised questions as to the validity of this equation, and it is suggested that caution be exercised in the use of allometric equations for prediction.     

Anatomical variations in the cephalic and omobrachial veins in the dog

In the dog, the blood from the antebrachial part of the cephalic vein is typically drained by three vessels: the axillobrachial, the omobrachial and the proximal segment of the cephalic vein. In this work, two anatomical variations affecting the omobrachial and the proximal part of the cephalic vein in dogs are reported. The bilateral absence of the omobrachial vein was observed in two adult mongrel dogs and the lack of the proximal segment of the cephalic vein in one dog. These differences suggest that a certain degree of variation is normal in the layout of the superficial veins of the thoracic limb in the dog and implies that the blood egress from the cephalic vein in the dog, as in other species, is sometimes accomplished by only two veins.     

成都郊区苗木及草坪经济发展趋势与对策探讨

以成都郊区温江为例,利用大量的调查数据分析了该地区苗木及草坪发展的现状及面临的问题,并有针对性的提出了几点对策.     

成都郊区苗木及草坪经济发展趋势与对策探讨

以成都郊区温江为例,利用大量的调查数据分析了该地区苗木及草坪发展的现状及面临的问题,并有针对性的提出了几点对策。     

Partial Maxillectomy and Premaxillectomy in the Treatment of Oral Neoplasia in the Dog and Cat

Partial maxillectomies were performed in 17 dogs and three cats to accomplish wide excision of oral tumors. The extent of the maxillectomy was dependent on tumor type, location, size, and invasiveness as determined by clinical and radiographic examination and incisional biopsy. The tumor and involved portions of adjacent facial bones, most commonly the maxillary and incisive bones, were removed. The resulting oronasal defect was closed by suturing a labial mucosal flap based on the lip margin to the hard palate mucoperiosteum. The major postoperative complication was partial suture line dehiscence, which occurred in three dogs. All four dogs with benign tumors were free of disease 7 to 34 months postoperatively (median 21.5 months). Of the 13 dogs treated for malignant neoplasia, seven were tumor-free at follow-up times ranging from 3 to 31 months (median 12 months). Five dogs with malignant tumors developed local recurrence 1 week to 10 months postoperatively (median 4.5 months). One cat with a benign tumor and two with malignant tumors were tumor-free at follow-up times of 7, 24, and 27 months. Partial maxillectomy can be effective in treating both benign and malignant oral tumors in dogs and cats.     

Tissue and blood distribution of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the lamb and in the ewe.

Gamma-glutamyl transferase distribution was studied in 10 ewes and 10 lambs; in both groups kidney was the most active organ, followed by pancreas, liver and lungs. In kidney and liver, GGT was bound mainly to cellular structures. Blood GGT activity of 48 lambs was 44 +/- 11 iu/litre and 33 +/- 7 iu/litre of 45 ewes.     

Biomarkers in the assessment of acute and chronic kidney diseases in the dog and cat

In both human and veterinary medicine, diagnosing and staging renal disease can be difficult. Measurement of glomerular filtration rate is considered the gold standard for assessing renal function but methods for its assessment can be technically challenging and impractical. The main parameters used to diagnose acute and chronic kidney disease include circulating creatinine and urea concentrations, and urine‐specific gravity. However, these parameters can be insensitive. Therefore, there is a need for better methods to diagnose and monitor patients with renal disease. The use of renal biomarkers is increasing in human and veterinary medicine for the diagnosis and monitoring of acute and chronic kidney diseases. An ideal biomarker would identify site and severity of injury, and correlate with renal function, among other qualities. This article will review the advantages and limitations of renal biomarkers that have been used in dogs and cats, as well as some markers used in humans that may be adapted for veterinary use. In the future, measuring a combination of biomarkers will likely be a useful approach in the diagnosis of kidney disorders.     

我国兽药生产经营中存在的问题与对策

兽药是指用于预防、治疗畜禽等动物疾病，有目的地调节机体生理机能并规定作用、用途、用法、用量的物质，其质量优劣直接关系着畜牧业健康发展、畜产品安全以及人类的身体健康，它是与动物疾病作斗争的重要手段。在我国动物疫情比较复杂的情况下，提高兽药产品的质量已经成为当务之急，更是“入世”后参与国际竞争的需要。     

实施奶牛布病、结核病检测的问题及应对措施

随着奶牛业在全国各地迅速发展，奶牛交易流通的增加，及奶产品在人们饮食结构中的比例越来越大，奶牛的布氏杆菌病、结核病发病率已在悄然上升，“两病”都属人畜共患病，饮用未经消毒的牛奶易使人感染布氏杆菌病和牛型结核病。奶牛“两病”的存在，必然对人类身体健康、奶牛业的发展以及奶制品的出口．造成极大影响。