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水稻耐盐相关基因的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《分子植物育种》2017,(11)
盐胁迫是制约水稻生产的主要非生物胁迫因素之一,伴随工业化进程及淡水资源的匮乏,土壤盐碱化日趋严重,严重威胁着粮食安全。因此,水稻耐盐机理研究及耐盐水稻品种的培育成为全球关注的热点。本研究对近几年国内外水稻中报道的耐盐相关基因及其在耐盐水稻育种的应用进行了综述,并对今后水稻耐盐研究重点进行了讨论,以期为水稻耐盐育种提供有用信息。 相似文献
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大豆种质资源耐盐性田间鉴定方法 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
大豆耐盐性鉴定目的在于评定其耐盐性,筛选高耐盐品种,直接为生产利用或为育种提供耐盐亲本。 大豆田间耐盐鉴定的基本方法是:选择盐(碱)地区为鉴定基地。播种前先灌淡水压盐、造墒,使种子在低盐条件下正常出苗。 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫对15个紫花苜蓿品种种子萌发的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为研究盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿萌发的影响,本试验以不同浓度的NaCl盐浓度对15个紫花苜蓿品种进行萌发期的室内发芽鉴定,通过对不同盐浓度下种子发芽势、相对发芽势、发芽率、相对发芽率及根、茎、苗高等数据的比较分析,结果表明:在低浓度盐胁迫下(0.2%,0.4%,0.6%),多数品种(13个品种)都能保持较高的发芽能力(89%以上);而当盐浓度达到0.8%时,各品种发芽能力有了较大差别。同时,开始出现畸形苗,是开展苜蓿萌发期耐盐(NaCl)鉴定时最适的起点浓度。耐盐能力越强的品种,畸形苗出现的比例越少。随着盐浓度的增大,毒害作用越大,很多已萌发植株的根失活,而苗越长的植株虽然根已失活,但个别苗会从根茎处发出新根,增加了紫花苜蓿种质资源的耐盐性。通过对以上指标的聚类分析,结果显示耐盐较强的品种有:‘岩石’、‘中苜1号’、‘陇东’、‘中苜3号’、‘DS310FY’。本试验的开展,为紫花苜蓿耐盐碱品种快速筛选及盐碱地区紫花苜蓿引种和培育较耐盐的紫花苜蓿新品种提供理论支持。 相似文献
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耐盐鉴定是筛选种质和选育耐盐小麦品种的前提。小麦室内耐盐鉴定方法较多,涉及不同生育时期和组织器官。为了评估这些方法在生产上的适用性,本研究选用北方冬麦区5个耐盐品种和5个盐敏感品种为试验材料,对基于芽期和苗期的7种耐盐鉴定方法(涉及27个测试指标)进行实用性评价。结果显示,利用小麦种子的发芽相对盐害率不能区分参试耐盐品种和盐敏感品种,而小麦苗期的叶部盐害指数、根部Na+和K+流速以及根尖数、根径、叶片K+含量的相对盐害率在耐盐和盐敏感品种之间差异显著。综合回归分析结果和可操作性,明确叶部盐害指数是北方冬麦区适用性较高的耐盐鉴定方法,可结合根尖数相对盐害率、叶片K+含量相对盐害率或根部Na+和K+流速用于种质筛选或品种选育。本研究从适用程度方面解析和评价了耐盐鉴定方法,为小麦耐盐育种工作提供参考信息。 相似文献
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引进春小麦种质耐盐性的鉴定评价 总被引:39,自引:4,他引:35
对从美国引进的28份春小麦种质经过实验室耐盐性鉴定,筛选出13份芽期相对盐害率在20%以下,苗期盐害指数在40%以下的耐盐性较强的材料,进一步在0.37%以上的盐渍化土壤上进行全生育期的耐盐性鉴定,对株高、穗长、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等生产要素进行统计分析及逐步剔除多元回归分析,结果表明产量性状的耐盐指数与出苗率、 相似文献
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R. A. Jefferies 《Euphytica》1996,88(3):207-213
Summary Salt-tolerance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was selected on the basis of germination and survival of seed sown in trays of perlite suspended in either 75 or 150 mM NaCl. Salinity reduced the germination of seed. Genetic differences in salt-tolerance were apparent with salt reducing germination more in seed collected from cv. Cara than in that collected from cv. Maris Piper. Progeny from the seedling selection were then grown to maturity to produce tubers.The relative tolerance of the parental cultivars and of unselected and selected progeny to long-term exposure to salinity was examined in a pot experiment in which plants were irrigated with either fresh water or 50 mM NaCl solution from one week after plant emergence. In this experiment, salinity significantly reduced leaf conductance, total dry matter production and partitioning of assimilate to tubers. Salinity reduced dry matter production and assimilate partitioning to tubers to a greater extent in Cara than in M. Piper. Progeny selected for short-term salt-tolerance did not exhibit greater long-term salt-tolerance than unselected progeny, and both were more sensitive than M. Piper.These results demonstrate genetic variation in salt-tolerance in potato. However, although there was a correlation between the performance of the parent to long-term salinity and survival of progeny in the seedling selection, there was no correlation between short- and long-term salt-tolerance. This suggests that characters underlying short-term tolerance may contribute to long-term tolerance but do not of themselves confer long-term tolerance. Future progress in selecting for improved salt-tolerance depends on understanding the effects of salinity on the physiological processes underlying growth and carbon partitioning. 相似文献
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大豆耐盐相关基因STL的克隆与分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用RACE技术从大豆中克隆出一条耐盐相关基因STL(GenBank登录号为DQ234265),该基因全长为1286bp,其中编码区为717bp,编码一个由238个氨基酸组成的蛋白质。STL与拟南芥的耐盐蛋白STO(salttoleranceprotein,GenBank登录号NP_849598)具有63.6%的同源性。RT-PCR分析发现,当用1mol/LNaCl处理大豆叶片不同时间时,大豆STL的表达量并未发生显著变化,与拟南芥STO的表达模式相似,推测STL在大豆中也具有类似的耐盐功能。 相似文献
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用花药培养筛选耐盐变异体培育小麦耐盐品种的新途径 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1986-1991年,应用花药培养与耐盐变异体筛选相结合的方法,对小麦耐盐育种新途径进行了探索,研究结果表明,在小麦花药培养中,选择加入一定浓度的NaCl的筛选培养基,可以筛选出耐盐变异体,获得耐盐花培株系,经5个有性世代的鉴定表明,耐盐变异体的耐盐特性可以稳定遗传给后代,经筛选的花培株系中,耐盐特性能够稳定遗传的株系比例约占1/4,应用于育种实践,经多点鉴定,选育出了一批有实用价值的种质材料和优 相似文献
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钙对植物耐盐性的影响 总被引:48,自引:0,他引:48
概述了盐胁迫下外源钙对植物耐盐性的影响,钙可抑制活性氧物质的生成、保护细胞质膜的结构、维持正常的光合作用,从而提高植物的耐盐性。而且细胞内的钙离子作为第二信使传递胁迫信号,调节植物体内的生理生化反应。 相似文献
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Summary
In vitro selection of salt tolerant plants of Brassica juncea L. (Indian mustard) cv. Prakash has been accomplished by screening highly morphogenic cotyledon explant cultures on high NaCl media. Out of a total of 2,620 cotyledons cultured on high salt medium, 3 survived, showed sustained growth and regenerated shoots. They were multiplied by axillary bud culture on NaCl free medium. The salt-selected shoots retained salt tolerance following 3 month of growth and multiplication on control medium. While two of these somaclones flowered and set seeds, third one grew slowly, had abnormal leaf morphology and was sterile. The seed of the two fertile plants were sown in the field to raise R1 segregating generation. Data were recorded for field, other agronomic components and oil content. The somaclonal lines, both selected salt-tolerant and non-selected, showed tremendous amount of variation for all the characters studied. One of the two tolerant somaclones invariably showed reduced height, longer reproductive phase and higher 1000 seed weight. Based on the agronomic performance of R1 plants of these somaclones, some plants were selected and their progeny were evaluated for agronomic performance under standard field conditions and salt-tolerance in the greenhouse using sand pot culture method. Most of the lines bred true for their specific characteristics. In the greenhouse, selected salt-tolerant somaclones (SR-2 and SR-3) performed better for plant growth, yield and other agronomic traits at higher salt treatments, indicating thereby that salt-tolerance trait selected in vitro was expressed in the whole plants and is genetically stable and transmitted onto the progeny. The two tolerant lines, however, differed in their salt-tolerance during vegetative and reproductive phases as indicated by their salt-tolerance and stress susceptibility indices. The mechanism of salt-tolerance is not clear and needs to be further investigated. 相似文献
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高粱在盐胁迫下特定蛋白的表达及与耐盐性关系的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
报道了通过统计学上逐步回归的方法,筛选出对植物耐盐性有显著贡献的蛋白质,并应用方差分析探讨上述蛋白质的最佳诱导条件,以便探明盐胁迫一特定蛋白一耐盐性之间的关系。结果表明: 由NaCl诱导的高粱耐盐性是众多蛋白质综合作用的结果,其中不受盐诱导的15. 5 kD根蛋白、受盐诱导的71. 4 kD叶蛋白对高粱耐盐性具有显著正贡 相似文献
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不同水稻品种幼苗期耐盐性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水稻是盐碱地改良利用的重要作物。水稻幼苗期对盐胁迫敏感,筛选幼苗期高耐盐水稻品种是利用水稻进行盐碱地改良的关键。通过分析收集的15个粳稻品种在盐胁迫下的形态和生理特性,综合评价不同水稻品种幼苗期的耐盐性。形态分析结果表明: 150mmol/L NaCl处理下,所有试验材料的生长均受到抑制,出现植株变矮、根长变短和叶片枯萎等表型,其中盐胁迫对宁粳44、南粳46和盐丰47(对照)生长抑制相对最弱,死叶率最低;200mmol/L NaCl处理下,宁粳44、南粳46和盐丰47的存活率最高。耐盐指数结果表明,盐丰47的综合性状最好,其次是南粳46和宁粳44。生理特性结果表明: 150mmol/L NaCl处理下所有试验材料的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均有所增加,其中南粳46的SOD活性较其他参试材料高;南粳46、盐丰47和宁粳44的丙二醛含量增加幅度较小,脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量增加幅度大于其他参试材料。推测南粳46、盐丰47和宁粳44具有较强的过氧化物清除能力和渗透调节能力,这可能是其幼苗期具有较强盐胁迫耐性的生理机制。综上所述,筛选到的幼苗期耐盐性较强的水稻品种为南粳46和宁粳44。 相似文献
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陆地棉耐盐相关基因GhSAMS的克隆及表达 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
为了挖掘棉花耐盐相关基因,我们根据陆地棉耐盐性抑制消减文库中的一个S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因的同源EST设计引物,利用RACE结合RT-PCR技术克隆陆地棉S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因的cDNA全长,命名为GhSAMS。该cDNA全长1 576 bp,ORF为1 182 bp,编码393个氨基酸的多肽。生物信息学分析表明GhSAMS蛋白与拟南芥、盐地碱蓬、水稻中该蛋白的相似性分别为91%、93%和93%。系统发育树结果显示GhSAMS与盐地碱蓬中该蛋白的亲缘关系最近。Real-time PCR分析结果表明,GhSAMS的表达受盐胁迫诱导,在盐敏感材料中诱导被推迟,而且,该基因表达水平在耐盐材料中9835中明显高于在盐敏感材料中S9612中。我们构建了原核表达载体pET28-GhSAMS,经IPTG诱导,实现了GhSAMS在大肠杆菌中的表达,为进一步开展GhSAMS的遗传转化工作奠定了有益基础。 相似文献