微波处理对樟子松木材等温吸湿特性的影响

以樟子松木材为对象,使用动态水分吸附仪,借助GAB模型分析微波处理对樟子松试材的等温吸湿特性影响。结果表明,GAB模型能够很好地描述樟子松微波处理材的等温吸湿特性,微波处理没有改变木材等温吸湿曲线线型;微波处理后樟子松木材平衡含水率下降,单层分子饱和吸附量和有效比表面积降低,表明微波处理可以降低樟子松木材的吸湿性能。在低初含水率或高微波功率密度条件下,木材平衡含水率变化量较大,且早材的平衡含水率降幅大于晚材,说明微波处理对早材细胞壁的影响较大。     

高强度微波辐射对落叶松木材渗透性的影响

采用高强度微波辐射落叶松木材,将微波处理的木材试件与未处理试件在相同的条件下进行加压注水试验,测定吸水增重率(WAR),用于评价木材的渗透性.研究了试材初含水率、处理材心层温度、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间等处理工艺条件与落叶松木材渗透性的关系.结果表明:适当控制上述处理条件,高强度微波辐射处理可以改善落叶松木材的渗透性.落叶松木材适宜的初含水率范围是25%～60%;适宜的微波辐射功率与落叶松木材的初含水率有关,本文条件下辐射功率可选择9～24 kW;适宜的辐射时间取决于木材的初含水率和选择的辐射功率,当落叶松木材的含水率为30%左右,9.23 kW 微波功率下辐射55 s或20～24 kW微波功率下辐射25 s时,经微波处理木材的吸水增重率是未处理材的200%以上,木材的渗透性得到显著改善. 对微波处理改善落叶松木材渗透性的机理进行讨论,认为微波能够迅速使木材内部的水汽化,在木材内部产生较大的蒸汽压,冲破木材细胞壁薄弱组织,形成细微裂隙,疏通水汽传导的途径.随着微波功率的升高有利于微细裂隙的形成,所需辐射时间缩短,但是过高的辐射功率或过长的辐射时间易造成木材开裂.     

微波处理对圆竹软化效果的影响

为改善圆竹家具弯曲构件软化工艺,推进圆竹家具工业化生产,以红竹竹筒为研究对象,采用微波加热进行软化处理,分析微波功率、处理时间和初含水率（10.6%、45.3%）对红竹圆竹软化效果的影响,并以弹性模量（MOE）和抗弯强度（MOR）为指标对软化效果进行评价。结果表明：随着微波功率提高,红竹MOE先下降后上升,500 W时达到最小值,较未处理材下降65.23%;MOR总体随功率提高而下降,在700 W时小幅上升,800 W时红竹出现严重内裂,强度较对照材下降47.21%。红竹MOE随微波处理时间的延长下降,在360 s时达到最小值,较未处理材下降75.44%。含水率45.3%红竹的MOE和MOR较气干红竹（含水率10.6%）大幅下降,分别下降了81.75%和65.13%。适当提高微波功率、处理时间及初含水率可降低红竹的MOE和MOR,提高红竹软化效果,但功率过高、时间过长会使MOE回升、红竹强度大幅下降。     

微波处理对杨木表面动态润湿性能的影响

以速生杨木为试材,采用不同的微波处理工艺进行处理,并分别以水和甘油为试剂,分析微波处理前后试材表面动态润湿性能的变化情况。结果表明：微波处理对于木材的表面动态润湿性能有一定影响,经适当微波处理后试材的润湿性要好于未经处理的试材的润湿性,且效果与微波处理强度和处理时间有关。在相同的微波处理工艺下,随着处理强度和处理时间的增加,试材的润湿性能总体上均呈先上升后下降的趋势。     

微波加热软化竹片弯曲工艺研究

采用微波对5 mm厚的楠竹竹片进行软化实验,研究了微波功率、微波处理时间、试件初含水率等因素对软化效果的影响,并采用正交实验对竹片微波软化进行了工艺优化。研究结果表明:微波加热对竹片有良好的软化作用,当微波功率为500 W,微波处理时间为4 min,试件初含水率为90%时楠竹竹片软化效果最好,其弯曲半径可达5 cm。     

不同含水率阶段木材高温热处理工艺与性能的研究北大核心

以樟子松为原料,采用正交试验法,研究了不同木材含水率(10%、20%、30%)、高温热处理温度(180、200、220℃)、处理时间(2、3、4 h)三个因素对樟子松处理前后弦向干缩性和湿胀性、吸水性、密度的影响,以及樟子松高温热处理时,被处理材含水率、处理温度与处理时间的优化组合。结果表明:较高初始含水率、较高热处理温度和较长高温处理时间可改善木材的干缩性和湿胀性,使木材尺寸稳定性更好;在较剧烈的热处理条件下,初始含水率的大小不会影响热处理材密度降低的趋势;热处理温度、时间和含水率对吸水性的影响不呈线性关系。     

冷冻预处理对樟子松微波膨化程度及均匀性的影响

采用MATLAB图像处理方法,研究含水率、冷冻时间和冷冻温度对樟子松冷冻预处理后微波膨化程度及均匀性的影响。结果表明:试材含水率20%时膨化效果较好,含水率在纤维饱和点以上时,在一定范围内,提高含水率可增大膨化程度,但膨化均匀性较差;冷冻时间延长能够提高膨化程度,对膨化均匀性影响不显著,以冷冻36 h时的膨化效果较好;冷冻温度降低可提高膨化程度,但温度过低使膨化均匀性变差,以–20℃冷冻时的膨化效果较好。     

高温高湿处理对樟子松脱脂率及微观结构的影响

探讨高温高湿处理过程中人工林樟子松木材的含水率和脱脂率的变化规律,并通过生物光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察其树脂道、纹孔及薄壁组织等微观结构的变化。研究发现:高温高湿处理后樟子松试材的干燥周期由33 h缩短至18 h,平均脱脂速率由0.057%/h提升至0.151%/h,干燥后试材厚度上含脂率梯度由0.84%降至0.31%;相比常规干燥,经高温高湿处理后的樟子松试材树脂道发生破坏,细胞壁、纹孔塞和纹孔膜出现裂纹,这些结构变化均有利于水分和树脂的排出。     

泡桐木材压缩硬化研究初报──泡桐压缩木回弹率的影响因素

为了提高泡桐的密度、硬度和尺寸稳定性,将试材分成水分组、温度组、时间组、化学处理组，对水分组试材进行恒温恒湿处理，对化学处理组进行不同质量分数的酚醛树脂液浸泡处理，然后将各组试材进行不同温度、不同时间的热压试验．再将试材置于常温的水中浸泡，测定各处理试材的回弹率．分析试材含水率、热压温度、热压时间和酚醛树脂溶液质量分数对热压试材水浸泡回弹率的影响．结果表明；各试验因素对泡桐压密硬化效果有明显的影响，木材含水率为13．89％时．材面光滑，尺寸稳定性最好，热压前的喷湿处理可增强木材尺寸稳定性；用10％的酚醛树脂溶液处理试材可降低回弹率45．51％；最佳热压温度为190℃，最佳热压时间为8min.     

微波处理对樟子松木材化学组分含量影响

微波处理对木材化学组分含量影响的研究有助于了解木材微波处理机理。以樟子松为原料,使用隧道式微波设备处理木材,在试验条件下,木材中心最高温度可达183℃;微波功率密度和初含水率及二者的交互作用,对樟子松木材中三大素成分含量变化具有显著影响。处理后木质素相对含量增加,纤维素和半纤维素含量降幅小于5%;冷水抽提物、苯醇抽提物和1%NaOH抽提物含量降低;处理材pH值升高,但仍处于酸性范围;灰分含量保持不变。     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WOOD PROPERTIES BETWEENWHITE WOOD OF DAHURIAN LARCH AND MONGOLIANSCOTCH PINE

DahurianlarchandMongolianscotchpinearetwomajorconunerciaIconilbroustTeesinDaxing'anlingForesnyArea.Itisob-viousthattbcwoodproPertiesandworkability'ofthetWoplantsarecompletelydifferent.Butlnrecert'years,ltlsfoundthattherearetwodiffer':nttypesinparameterofwood'scolour.phy'sicalandmechanicalproPertiesandwork-ability'inDahurianlarch,namelyredwoodandx"hite..od.l']Andthepropertiesofwhite`voodaresligl1tlyyellow-white,medianweightandhardness,goodinworkability'andLard-ness,goodinwodability'anduneas…     

太行山阳坡樟子松的生长表现及发展前景

对太行山石灰岩区干旱阳坡引种了11a的樟子松的生长、开花结实及其对土壤的改良效果、水保效益进行了分析,结果表明,引种的樟子松比相同立地条件下同龄油松的树高平均提高了28.60%,地径平均提高了8.20%,林地持水量提高了23.9%。实践证明,樟子松是适宜在太行山阳坡生长的优良水土保持树种。     

Effects of chemical modification with glutaraldehyde on the weathering performance of Scots pine sapwood

Scots pine sapwood was treated with glutaraldehyde (GA) in aqueous solution using magnesium chloride as a catalyst in order to evaluate the durability towards weathering. Infrared spectroscopy suggested that GA treatment increased the photo-stability of lignin during artificial weathering of micro-veneers in a QUV over 168?h; photo-protection increased with increasing GA concentration. In comparison with the unmodified controls, GA-modified pine micro-veneer strips exhibited a lower tensile strength loss measured in a zero-span mode in the course of weathering. During 18?months of outdoor exposure, GA-modified pine wood boards exhibited a lower moisture content and water uptake than the unmodified ones. GA treatment also clearly restricted the penetration of blue stain fungi into deeper layers of wood. On the macroscopic scale, the surface of the GA-modified boards was significantly smoother due to less erosion, cracking and minor peeling of tracheids. Scanning electron microscopy further revealed that individual tracheids were detached from the cell compound and then washed away from the unmodified wood surface, whereas tracheids on surfaces of GA-modified wood remained in the tissue compound but displayed many axial and transversal cracks.     

Outdoor exposure of untreated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] wood samples

Abstract

Untreated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) samples were exposed above ground in a durability test for 6 years. The samples consisted of three pieces of wood, 22×95×500 mm, screwed together; two pieces lengthwise with a third piece overlapping. Weight was measured, to calculate moisture content (MC), and samples checked regularly for cracks and fungal growth. Parameters investigated were heartwood/sapwood (pine), annual ring orientation (spruce), stand site, annual ring width and density. Stand site, annual ring width and density had no influence on MC or fungal growth for either pine or spruce. Spruce samples with vertical annual rings had fewer cracks than samples with horizontal annual rings. Pine sapwood samples had a high MC and a large amount of rot fungi, while heartwood had a lower MC and no rot. Most spruce samples were similar to pine heartwood, except from a few samples that had high MC and fungal growth. Those were all sawn from the outer part of the log. Therefore, it can be stated that spruce sawn from the inner part has almost the same properties as pine heartwood, while spruce from the outer part of the log has similar properties to pine sapwood.     

Finite element modeling (FEM) simulation of interactions between wood and microwaves

The aim of this study was to use finite element modeling (FEM) as a tool to analyze microwave scattering in wood and to verify the model by measurements with a microwave scanner. A medical computed tomography scanner was used to measure distribution of density and moisture content in a piece of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Dielectric properties were calculated from measured values for cross sections from the piece and used in the model. Images describing the distribution of the electric field and phase shift were obtained from the FEM simulation. The model was verified by measurements with a scanner based on a microwave sensor. The results show that simulated values correspond well to measured values. Furthermore, discontinuities in the material caused scattering in both the measured and the simulated values. The greater the discontinuity in the material, the greater was the need for computational power in the simulation.     

THE PRIMITIVE STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTIFICIAL SCOTCH PINE PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS DENSITY IN WESTERN PART OF HEILONGJIANG

INTRODUCTIONInwesternpartofHei1ongiiangprov-ince,scotchpine(Pinussylvestris)iswindbreak,sand-fixationandcommercialforest.It'soneofthemaintreesinthecon-structionof"threeNorth"shelterforest.ThewoodcharacterisexceI1ent.Sothedis-cussionandvaluationonScotchPineproductivityhasimportantmeaningoncommerce,windbreakandsand-fixation.Theanalysisofvolumegrowth,bio-productivityandre1ationshipsbe-tweenvo1umegrowthanddensityandbe-tweenbio-productivityanddensity,gaveevidencetostudyfastgrowingscotchpine…     

Predicting moisture content and density distribution of Scots pine by microwave scanning of sawn timber

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of calibrating a prediction model for the moisture content and density distribution of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) using microwave sensors. The material was initially of green moisture content and was thereafter dried in several steps to zero moisture content. At each step, all the pieces were weighed, scanned with a microwave sensor (Satimo 9,4GHz), and computed tomography (CT)-scanned with a medical CT scanner (Siemens Somatom AR.T.). The output variables from the microwave sensor were used as predictors, and CT images that correlated with known moisture content were used as response variables. Multivariate models to predict average moisture content and density were calibrated using the partial least squares (PLS) regression. The models for average moisture content and density were applied at the pixel level, and the distribution was visualized. The results show that it is possible to predict both moisture content distribution and density distribution with high accuracy using microwave sensors.     

Bio-productivity of Pinus sylvestris L.var. mongolica plantation on west Kerqin sandy land

lntroductionMongoIianscotchpine(PinussyvesmeL.var,mon-gohbe)isafondamentaItreespeciesincoIdtemper-atezone,mainlydistributedinHeiIongjiangProvinceandDaxing'anMOuntainforestregionoflnnerMon-goIiaAutonomousRegion.Withhighendurancetocold,droughtandpoorsoil,thistreespecieshasthecharacteristicsoff8stgroWth,shortfinaIcuttingageandgoodqualitytimber,atc-.IthasbeenproventhatMongoIianscOtchpineisoneofthemostsuccessfuIIyintroducedtreespeciesinsemi-aridregionafterbeingintroducedinto13provincesandau…     

微坑型微织构硬质合金表面对木材摩擦特性的影响

【目的】探讨木材含水率、木材切面和纤维方向以及运动速度等因素对木材表面摩擦系数的影响规律,为设计更加合理的木材切削刀具表面织构形式提供参考和指导。【方法】以水曲柳和樟子松为研究对象,在具有不同微坑直径硬质合金表面条件下,研究木材含水率、木材切面和纤维方向以及运动速度等因素对木材表面摩擦系数的影响。【结果】与无微坑表面相比,当微坑直径为60μm、含水率为67%±3%时,在水曲柳表面产生的摩擦系数由0. 151降低到0. 091,降幅为39. 7%,在樟子松表面产生的摩擦系数由0. 241降低到0. 164,降幅为32. 0%。木材径切面上纤维方向差异对表面摩擦系数的影响不大,但在横切面上,微坑直径越小,其表现出的摩擦系数越高。摩擦过程中运动速度对表面摩擦系数的影响与木材中的水分有较大关系,当含水率处于生材状态时,表面摩擦系数随运动速度增大而降低,且微坑型结构表面产生的摩擦系数降幅明显高于无微坑表面,无微坑表面产生的摩擦系数由0. 160降低到0. 134,降幅为16. 3%,微坑直径为60μm时的摩擦系数由0. 124降低到0. 071,降幅为42. 7%。【结论】木材含水率状态对微坑型表面微织构与木材之间的摩擦系数影响较大,木材中自由水的存在有利于降低硬质合金与木材表面之间的摩擦系数。微织构直径越小,其接触角平均变化率越大,表面铺展速度越大,越有利于改善木材/硬质合金摩擦副的状态,使表面间的摩擦系数减小。     

樟子松切根育苗试验

对樟子松进行切根育苗试验,结果表明,机械切根苗苗木质量优于移植苗和留床苗。切根２０ｃｍ的苗高、地径分别比移植苗高９４ｃｍ和粗０２ｃｍ,大于１ｍｍ的侧根数量,平均比移植苗多１１８条,比留床苗多１０条。机械切根可使２年生樟子松产苗量,比人工移植提高２４２９％～３７１４％,每公顷增加收入１５２８５～３０１１１元。