‘早酥’梨及其红皮芽变‘红早酥’梨类黄酮组分变化与合成模式研究

【目的】探讨不同发育时期‘早酥’梨及其红皮芽变‘红早酥’梨果皮类黄酮组成与合成模式。【方法】以‘早酥’梨与芽变‘红早酥’梨不同发育时期的果实为材料,通过HPLC-MS2法测定其果实发育过程中类黄酮组分的含量变化,通过实时荧光定量PCR测定相关合成基因表达水平的变化。【结果】‘早酥’梨和‘红早酥’梨果皮类黄酮组分与含量差异较大,差异主要集中在黄酮醇、原花青素和花青苷代谢支路。2个品种果实自然发育过程中的类黄酮积累模式基本一致,以酚酸、原花青素、黄酮醇和花青苷为主的多数类黄酮组分的合成高峰位于果实发育早期,随着果实发育成熟,酚酸类物质含量呈现不断下降趋势,大部分原花青素、花青苷和黄酮醇类物质在果实膨大期后含量维持稳定。‘早酥’梨葡糖糖苷类黄酮、原花青素组分儿茶素和原花青素B2在果实成熟期出现第二个积累高峰。类黄酮合成高峰期,大多数类黄酮合成基因表达水平达到峰值。果实发育后期,下游类黄酮合成基因DFR、ANR、ANS和UFGT表达量相应提高。【结论】‘红早酥’梨果皮比‘早酥’梨果皮含有更多类黄酮物质,特别是类黄酮糖苷衍生物的种类更为丰富,含量也显著升高。‘红早酥’梨和‘早酥’梨果皮中的类黄酮合成高峰均位于果实发育早期。随着果实的发育,‘红早酥’成熟果皮中类黄酮组分含量虽有下降,但仍含有较高水平的原花青素和类黄酮糖苷类衍生物。     

广州地区白梨早熟品种高接试验

【目的】引进白梨早熟品种‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’进行高接,以期在广州提早新鲜梨果的上市。【方法】从郑州采取‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’的接穗,在广州地区高接,观察其开花结果情况,统计嫁接成活率、成花率、坐果率等指标,并于果实成熟期分析果实品质,测定单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量及可溶性糖含量。【结果】‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’的接穗高接后,在广州地区正常开花结果,2者的坐果率与广东当地的品种‘粤引早脆梨’相比较低,但成熟期比‘粤引早脆梨’提前20 d;果实单果质量分别为271.37 g和224.07 g,与‘粤引早脆梨’相比,果个偏小;依据果形指数判断,‘中梨4号’为近圆形,‘早酥蜜’为卵圆形,而‘粤引早脆梨’为扁圆形;‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’的果实品质相差无几,而2者的果实风味与‘粤引早脆梨’相比均偏甜,因为2者果实的可滴定酸含量均低于‘粤引早脆梨’,而可溶性糖含量均高于‘粤引早脆梨’。【结论】白梨早熟品种‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’在广州地区通过高接可以正常开花结果,果实品质较好,果实成熟期提前,而且早于广东本地的早熟梨品种‘粤引早脆梨’。     

梨早熟新品种‘早金酥’丰产栽培技术

正‘早金酥’是辽宁省果树科学研究所最新选育的优良早熟新品种,其亲本为‘早酥’ב金水酥’。2009年通过辽宁省种子局品种备案。该品种生长势较强,早产、丰产、稳产性好,栽后第3年平均株产3.7 kg,4年生21.8 kg,5年生25.4 kg。果实8月初成熟,比‘早酥’梨提早20d左右。采收期近2个月。抗寒性较强,果实抗苦痘病。具有成熟早、优质、丰产、采收期长、经济价值高     

‘早金酥’等特色梨新品种快速开发推广的有效途径

<正>‘早金酥’梨是辽宁省果树科学研究所梨研究室于1994年以‘早酥’梨为母本、‘金水酥’梨为父本杂交育成,比‘早酥’梨早成熟20 d,填补了果实发育期短于120 d的早熟梨品种空白。其肉质酥脆多汁,酸甜可口,石细胞极少,品质极上。采摘期近两个月,可冷藏10个月,货架期1周以上。栽后2年见果,5年生666.7 m²产量超5 000 kg,大树高接第3年可超5 000 kg。丰产、     

‘早金酥’梨寒地高效栽培技术

正‘早金酥’梨是辽宁省果树科学研究所1994年以‘早酥’梨为母本,‘金水酥’梨为父本选育出的优良早熟梨新品种。2009年通过辽宁省种子局备案。果实为纺锤形,平均单果重240 g,最大600 g;果面绿黄色,肉质酥脆,汁液多,风味酸甜,可溶性固形物含量10.8%,含     

早熟梨新品种‘早金酥’

梨新品种‘早金酥’是由‘早酥’和‘金水酥’杂交育成,在辽宁熊岳地区8月初果实成熟。果实纺锤形,单果质量240g,果面绿黄色,果皮薄,肉质脆,果汁多,风味酸甜,石细胞少,可溶性固形物含量10.8%,总糖含量8.343%,可滴定酸含量0.252%,维生素C含量0.03372mg·g-1,硬度4.76kg.cm-2,品质极上。结果早,优质,丰产,采收期长,抗苦痘病。     

干旱荒漠区2个‘早酥’梨品种光合特性与树龄的相关性研究

为探究2个‘早酥’梨品种的光合特性与树龄的相关性关系。在田间条件下,以‘红早酥’和‘早酥’为试验材料,测定了叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)等光合指标。结果表明,‘红早酥’和‘早酥’的叶绿素含量与树龄间呈显著的正相关(P0.05),蒸腾速率(Tr)与树龄间呈极显著的负相关(P0.01);净光合速率(Pn)、水分利用效率(WUE)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)均随着树龄的增加而升高,其中7年树龄的梨树更能有效的利用土壤水分,而3年的幼树蒸腾作用较强,光合性能较弱。综合比较,中龄的2种‘早酥’梨树比幼龄树具有更强的光合能力,‘早酥’的光合能力强于‘红早酥’。     

‘早金酥’梨优质高效栽培技术

<正>‘早金酥’梨是辽宁省果树科学研究所1994年用‘早酥’ב金水酥’杂交育成的早熟新品种,2009年通过辽宁省非主要农作物品种审定委员会审定。其果实呈纺锤形,较大,平均单果重240 g,果个均匀,果面光洁,果皮薄,果心小,果实酥脆多汁,酸甜适口,品质极上。当地8月上旬开始成熟上市,9月下旬采收完毕,采收期近2个月。2015、2016年平均售价5.60元/kg,商品性状好,     

早熟梨新品种‘早伏酥’配套栽培技术研究

以早熟梨新品种‘早伏酥’为试材,采用人工点授和梨幼果期药剂涂抹果柄的方法,研究了不同授粉品种对‘早伏酥’坐果率和果实品质及GA3对果实增大和提早成熟的影响。结果表明:"西子绿"和"翠冠"等5个授粉品种对其花序与花朵坐果率均达到了70%以上,综合对果实品质的影响,确定"中梨1号"和"翠冠"为最佳授粉品种;经赤霉酸处理的果实,与对照相比,单果重增加9.2%,成熟期提前10～15d,果实其它经济指标差异不显著。     

高接‘早金酥’梨二年就丰产

正‘早金酥’梨是辽宁省果树科学研究所1994年用‘早酥’与‘金水酥’杂交育成,2009年通过辽宁省种子局备案。果实纺锤形,平均单果重240 g,最大600 g;果面绿黄,肉质酥脆,汁液多,风味酸甜,含可溶性固形物量10.8%,含糖8.34%,品质极上,货架期20 d以上。该品种树体生长势较强,腋花芽较多(占总花芽量的28.9%),连续结果能力强,早产、丰产、稳产,栽后第2     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Effect of trichosanthes injection on expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of vascular smooth muscle cell in rabbit

AIM: To observe the effect of thichosanthes injection on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC). METHODS: The expression of PCNA of cultured rabbit aortic SMC was examined with LSAB immunohistochemical technique, and [³H]-thymidine( [³H]-TdR) incorporation data of SMC and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide (LPO), prostacyclin (PGI₂) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) in medium were simultaneously determined. RESULTS: Thichosanthes injection has an effects of increasing SOD activity, decreasing LPO, elevating PGI₂ and cAMP, reducing [³H]-TdR incorporation and expression of PCNA (all P＜0.05,P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Thichosanthes could inhibit SMC proliferation.     

Role of cyclic nucleotides in the acute hypoxic responses of hypoxic subcultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells

AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals.