沈阳地区草坪禾本科杂草化学防除技术研究

禾本科杂草是草坪中的顽固性杂草,其危害严重,防除困难。为了筛选安全有效的化学除草荆,于2001年在沈阳进行了相关研究。通过除草荆安全性评价和药效试验,筛选出对草坪草安全而能有效控制4种杂草的化学除草荆及其最佳剂量：萌前除草荆为48％氟乐灵EC(1500ml／hm^2);苗期除草荆骠马水乳荆为6．9％(750ml／hm^2),50％快杀稗WP(750g／hm^2),综合鲜重杀草率分别可达81％,88％,79％;应用于草坪更新除杂的灭生性除草荆为20％克芜踪水荆(600-900g／hm^2),其株数杀草率可达100％。其中,骠马对马唐,快杀稗对稗草有很高的防效,分别为92％和93％。     

肇东苜蓿田杂草茎叶处理药剂筛选试验

研究除草剂对肇东苜蓿耐药性的影响，筛选出对肇东苜蓿无药害的茎叶处理除草剂品种。增产效果显著的除草剂药剂处理有：48％灭草松1440mL／hm^2＋6．9％骠星900mL／hm^2；48％灭草松l440mL／hm^2＋15％精稳杀得750mL／hm^2；48％灭草松1440mL/hm^2＋10．8％高效盖草能375mL／hm^2：48％灭草松1440mL/hm^2＋12％稳耕450mL／hm^2；30％草除灵750mL／hm^2＋6．9％骠星900mL／hm^2；30％草除灵750mL／hm^2＋12％稳耕450mL／hm^2.     

豆科牧草白花扁豆O6—1区域试验研究

2006～2008年在广西南宁、灵山、桂林三个不同生态区，以热研2号柱花草为对照，对广西畜牧研究所引进的白花扁豆06—1进行了区域试验。结果表明：白花扁豆06—1适应性广，耐寒，生长速度快，干草产量（10032．6～10951．1kg／hm^2）比对照热研2号柱花草（7048．9～8035．5kg／hm^2）增加26．1％～40．8％；草质柔软，叶量丰富，蛋白质含量（17．8％）比对照（16．7％）高出6．6％，是适应性极强的优质豆科牧草，可在亚热带地区推广应用。     

扁穗牛鞭草人工草地中空心莲子草杂种防除效果研究

利用水花生净除莠剂可有效地防除扁穗牛鞭草人工草地中的杂草空心莲子草，平均株防效达26.7%～99.8%，并且在较高防效下药剂对扁穗牛鞭草较为安全，在空心莲子草杂草生长盛期，14%的水花生净乳油以浓度为675ml/hm^2～900ml/hm^2，各处理对水600ml的防除效果最佳，可达到100%。综合考虑，以525ml/hm^2～675ml/hm^2的浓度为宜。     

关于三峡库区发展肉牛养殖业的思考

重庆市有草山草坡215．18万hm^2，其中可利用面积为i91．6万hm^2，另外还有36．2万hm^2的退耕地。然而，2001年重庆市肉牛存栏165．9万头，出栏43．33万头，出栏率为26．12％，平均胴体重110．6kg．人均占有1．56kg，比1999年全国人均占有量4．0kg少61．0％。重庆市的肉牛生产处于一种较低的水平。为了改变这种落后的局面，探讨三峡库区草与草     

克芜踪净化红豆草播种地杂草试验

１９９２－１９９３年试验表明，在因杂草侵入而弃耕的土地上播种红豆草时，在播前和出苗前采用克芜踪除草剂，其杂草防除率为３３．５％－３７．１％；控制杂草鲜重效果为７３．２％－８６．５％；红豆草鲜重增加３５．８％－６４．５％；红豆草株高增加１３．７％－１６．３％。     

控释肥对人工草地的牧草产量和品质的影响

盆栽试验结果表明，在土壤表施控释肥为300kg/hm^2时，无芒雀麦的地上部和地下部的干物质重量明显增加，与施用等量氮磷的尿素加磷酸二氢钾和包膜肥相比较，差异都达到极显著水平。田间水区试验结果进一步证实，在人工草地表施控释肥300kg/hm^2时，羊草的干草产量为3720kg/hm^2，净收益为1038元／hm^2，与对照相比增产131.8%，增收61．7％，差异达极显著水平，同时羊草的氮含量增加14％，磷含量增加106．4％。     

龙岩山区鸡脚草生长适应性及喂鹅试验研究

在龙岩山地红壤引种冷季牧草鸡脚草，引种观测表明：鸡脚草适应在龙岩山区生长，年产鲜草量45．0～48．6t／hm^2。利用鸡脚草饲喂邵安灰鹅试验表明：在基础日粮的基础上，经40d的喂养，仔鹅平均日增重达102．0g，明显高于饲喂当地野生杂草的对照组，饲料利用率比对照提高10．35％，屠体品质方面，也有提高和改善的趋势。     

呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿区域试验研究

对呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿进行区域试验研究结果表明：呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿在各试验点种植均表现出较强的适应性，鲜草和千草产量与对照品种肇东苜蓿接近，3个试验点3年平均鲜草产量为33865．6kg/hm^2，干草产量为9146．2kg/hm^2，分别比对照的肇东苜蓿低0．6％和3．2％。方差分析表明二者无显著差异，具有良好的丰产性和持久性，对呼伦贝尔高寒地区严酷的自然条件具有很强的适应性，适宜在我国北方高寒地区大面积推广种植。     

不同剂量高效氯氰菊脂防治草原毛虫试验

用4．5％高效氯氰菊脂（虫毙净2号），设置300ml/hm^2、375ml/hm^2、450ml/hm^2三个剂量，对草原毛虫进行防治试验。结果表明，均可达到90％以上的防治效果。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.