甜菜细胞壁某些生理特性与抗丛根病的关系

试验以抗丛根病性不同的4个甜菜品种为材料,研究了甜菜坏死黄脉病毒对甜菜块根细胞壁中抗氧化酶系、H2O2、木质素及羟脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,病毒侵染后甜菜抗病品种块根细胞壁SOD、POD活性以及H2O2、木质素及羟脯氨酸含量较未侵染的甜菜材料均有不同幅度的升高;染病地块种植的抗病品种块根细胞壁SOD、POD活性及H2O2、木质素及羟脯氨酸含量均显著高于感病品种。甜菜细胞壁在防御丛根病中具有重要作用,是甜菜抗丛根病过程中的重要组成部分。     

茉莉酸与甜菜抗丛根病的关系

以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)侵染甜菜抗、感丛根病品种为研究体系,在甜菜苗期采用western boltting检测BNYVV在甜菜根部的含量,研究甜菜茉莉酸(jasmonate,JA)合成途径关键酶脂氧合酶(LOX)、丙二烯氧化物合成酶(AOS)活性的变化,并采用外源茉莉酸浸种,检测其对病毒侵染的影响。结果表明,BNYVV的侵染明显诱导了抗病品种LOX与AOS的活性,并且JA浸种处理后,显著抑制了BNYVV对根部的侵染,表明JA的合成与甜菜抗丛根病有密切关系。     

甜菜-甜菜坏死黄脉病毒互作过程中过氧化氢的积累与分布

以甜菜抗、感丛根病品种与甜菜坏死黄脉病毒互作体系为研究对象,检测不同体系间H₂O₂的产生和积累,并利用电镜细胞化学标记技术在亚细胞水平上对H₂O₂的空间分布定位,探讨H₂O₂积累和分布与甜菜抗丛根病性的关系。结果表明, 甜菜抗、感丛根病体系均出现大量H₂O₂,其中抗病体系的H₂O₂产生量明显高于感病体系。H₂O₂在抗病和感病体系中的分布位置基本相似,多分布在块根、叶脉细胞的液泡膜和质膜上,叶脉细胞间隙也有H₂O₂的分布,但不同体系间H₂O₂含量有着明显差异,感病体系H₂O₂沉积量明显弱于抗病体系。研究结果说明,H₂O₂产生量和分布与甜菜抗丛根病性有密切联系,H₂O₂参与了甜菜对病毒侵染的防御反应。     

外源SA对甜菜幼苗细胞壁HRGP和木质素含量的影响

甜菜丛根病(Rhizomania)是甜菜生产中的毁灭性病害,细胞壁在抗病过程中起重要的保护作用,本研究以5mmol/L水杨酸(SA)处理甜菜幼苗,研究外源SA对细胞壁中羟脯氨酸糖蛋白(HRGP)和木质素含量的影响。研究结果表明,SA提高了甜菜幼苗细胞壁中HRGP含量,提高幼苗苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,细胞壁木质素含量增加,说明外源SA作为信号分子,可调控甜菜细胞壁中的防御系统,提高抗病性。     

近期引进的国外甜菜品种资源试种研究

介绍了近期引进的一批国外甜菜品种在内蒙古呼和浩特地区试种研究情况,引进的甜菜品种表现块根产量高,对丛根病抗（耐）性强,发芽率高,含糖率低于国内品种,对褐斑病抗（耐）性弱     

甜菜丛根病研究进展

甜菜丛根病是一种发生在世界主要糖甜菜种植地区的土传病害,在缺乏有效控制的情况下会引起甜菜严重的产量损失。从4个方面叙述了近些年来与甜菜丛根病研究的相关进展：①甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(Beet necrotic yellow vein virus,BNYVV)的基因组结构;②BNYVV的分类及与其他甜菜土传病毒的关系;③丛根病的检测方法;④丛根病的控制策略。最后对甜菜丛根病未来的研究发展方向进行了展望。     

甜菜抗丛根病育种研究进展

为了研究甜菜抗丛根病育种的抗性基因来源以及作用特点,笔者归纳了甜菜丛根病抗性的来源,包括Alba抗性源、Rizor和Holly抗性源、WB42抗性源、WB41和WB258抗性源以及R36抗性源,并介绍了5种甜菜丛根病的抗性基因特点。另外,对甜菜抗丛根病资源的育成方法进行了总结,包括回交、杂交和轮回选择。通过这些方法将携带抗丛根病资源的甜菜整合至适应性高的甜菜种质资源上,从而获得理想的抗性资源。针对甜菜抗丛根病育种过程中培育和选择甜菜丛根病抗性基因型的过程缓慢、费力且昂贵,以及具有抗性基因品种的抗性易被破坏的情况,现提出如下解决策略：（1）通过分子标记来选择理想的甜菜新品种;（2）不断鉴定新的抗性基因,并将其整合到甜菜的基因库中;（3）开发新抗源,通过鉴定其他基因座上与先前发现的抗性基因的等位基因,为释放具有足够抗性的品种提供机会。抗甜菜丛根病育种的下一个挑战将会是将新的抗性基因导入育种材料,并通过将不同基因座上的多个抗性基因聚合到育种系中进行组合,以最大限度地提高甜菜对丛根病的抗性水平。     

荷兰引进甜菜品种简介及栽培要点

近年来,北大荒垦丰种业股份有限公司从荷兰引进数十个甜菜品种,在我国各地甜菜种植区域进行布点试验,通过试验选择出了一批产量和含糖量高、抗逆性强、各种经济性状优良,适宜我国不同甜菜种植区域推广种植的品种。1最新品种H003从荷兰安地公司引进的二倍体甜菜单粒标准型品种,2013年1月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定并命名推广。品种特性H003属二倍体遗传单粒标准型品种,块根产量高,含糖突出,抗立枯病,耐根腐病、丛根病,     

RT-PCR检测甜菜坏死黄脉病毒及总RNA提取方法研究

为选择较为适合甜菜总RNA的提取方法,构建和优化RT有效体系。以田间甜菜叶片、根毛及根表皮为材料,研究了提取甜菜总RNA的方法以及利用RT-PCR技术进行甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)的检测。研究表明,获得良好的RT-PCR扩增效果,RT体系中dNTPs浓度、引物、AMV、模板RNA的浓度要分别达到1 mmol/L,1μmol/L,0.1 U/μL,0.01μg/μL较好。PCR体系中dNTPs浓度、引物、TaqDNA聚合酶、Mg2 的浓度要分别达到0.1 mmol/L,0.1μmol/L,0.01U/μL,1.48 mmol/L效果较好。RT-PCR法对BNYVV检测,可作为甜菜品种(育种材料)早期抗丛根病性鉴定的依据之一。     

甘薯块根抗黑斑病酚类物质代谢的研究

研究甘薯块根酚类物质代谢与抗黑斑病之间的关系,为鉴定和选育抗黑斑病品种提供抗性指标。以‘南京-92’（高抗）和‘烟台-252’（高感）为材料,测定了甘薯块根中绿原酸、总酚的含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性。抗病品种在黑斑病侵染第1天,PAL活力就迅速提高,以后的几天一直保持较高水平。感病品种在黑斑病侵染后第3天PAL活力才显著升高、5天后就迅速下降;黑斑病侵染使甘薯绿原酸含量迅速提高,但不同抗病性的甘薯品种积累的时相和量有所不同,高抗比高感提高56.6%~327%;受黑斑病浸染后,高抗品种体内PPO活性及和总酚含量比高感品种提高迅速,且持续的时间较长。甘薯块根中PAL活性、绿原酸含量、多酚氧化酶活性、总酚含量的提高,有利于提高甘薯抗黑斑病的能力。     

Breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

In breeding for resistance to rhizomania, breeding material was routinely examined for resistance to the rhizomania virus over several years. This study was performed in order to investigate the value of virological examination of sugarbeet breeding material in breeding for resistance to the rhizomania virus. Tests were conducted with varieties susceptible or partially resistant to rhizomania, as well as with several new and more-resistant hybrids. A test on young plants showed that all genotypes contained beet necrotic yellow-vein virus (BNYVV), but that the virus content differed widely. Plants of two commercially used partially resistant varieties had, on average, only half the virus content of susceptible varieties in their roots, and plants of eight new hybrids still in the process of registration contained less than one third of that amount. There was a significant negative correlation between the quantity of BNYVV in young plant roots and final yield under disease conditions in the field. Opportunities for further improvement in the level of the resistance to BNYVV in sugarbeet by means of conventional breeding programmes are discussed.     

A SNP mutation affects rhizomania-virus content of sugar beets grown on resistance-breaking soils

Rhizomania is one of the most devastating biotic stresses affecting sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). It is caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) vectored by the plasmodiophorid Polymyxa betae K. The only means available to control the disease is the use of genetically resistant varieties. “Rizor” or “Holly” (Rz1) and WB42 (Rz2) have been the most widely used resistance sources in the commercial varieties. Recently, naturally occurring resistance-breaking (RB) rhizomania strains have been identified causing major concerns. The aim of this study was to identify SNP mutations that show associations with resistance to rhizomania in sugar beet plants grown under resistance-breaking (RB)-BNYVV soils. Rhizomania virus content was evaluated by indirect triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA within two F ₂ segregating populations respectively grown on an AYPR and IV-BNYVV strain infected soils. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was performed. The resistant and susceptible plants were genotyped with a 384-SNPs panel. Of the 384 SNPs, SNP249 was found to associate with the resistance both to the AYPR strain (R ² = 0.37; P = 0.0004) and to the IV-BNYVV (R ² = 0.09; P = 0.0074). Our results suggested that the SNP249 could be readily applicable for marker-assisted breeding of resistance to AYPR strain of rhizomania.     

Breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beet: A review

Currently rhizomania is the most important disease in sugar beet worldwide, and attack can lead to serious yield losses. The disease is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) that is transmitted by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae. Breeding sugar beet cultivars with resistance to rhizomania is regarded as the most appropriate way to enable continued production of this crop in BNYVV-infested fields and also to slow the spread of the disease. Breeding for resistance started with selection by scoring disease symptoms in field experiments. The development of non-destructive greenhouse tests, with determination of the virus concentration in rootlets using ELISA, has greatly improved the efficiency of selection. In this paper the impact of scientific research on the progress in breeding cultivars with resistance to rhizomania is reviewed. This includes the distribution, composition, and pathogenicity of the virus, the sources of resistance to virus and vector, the genetics of virus resistance, progress with breeding methods, and the use of molecular markers and pathogen-derived resistance. The yields and quality characteristics of recently introduced resistant cultivars now equal those of the commercial susceptible cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黑龙江省甜菜褐斑病病区和品种抗病性分类研究

为了解决甜菜褐斑病病防治问题,2009—2016年,对黑龙江省10个地区166个甜菜品种,采取田间调查发病率的方法进行分类研究。将地区分为轻病区、中病区和重病区3类;将品种的抗性水平分为高抗、抗病、中抗、中感、感病、高感6个级别：甜菜褐斑病病情指数(DI)≤15的地区为轻病区,15相似文献   

云南省峨山县旱坡地抗旱甘蔗品种（系）比较试验研究

为了探索适宜山地甘蔗栽培的抗旱优良品种,解决山地甘蔗发展因干旱胁迫而面临着单产和糖分不高等问题,在云南省峨山县旱坡地实际栽培条件下,开展6个抗旱甘蔗品种（系）的种植比较试验研究,并采用蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量2个主要指标对甘蔗品种的抗旱性能进行分析评价。结果表明：‘德蔗03/83’、‘高海拔一号’和‘云蔗03/103’的抗旱性能较好（高产和高糖）,3个品种的蔗茎产量依次为97.80、83.05、72.40 t/hm2,分别为对照种产量（‘新台糖22号’,88.16 t/hm2）的110.93%、94.20%、82.11%,蔗糖产量分别为11.01、11.30、10.58 t/hm2,比对照种的蔗糖产量(9.95 t/hm2)分别增产10.65%、13.57%、6.33%。因此,‘德蔗03/83’、‘高海拔一号’和‘云蔗03/103’可初步作为山地甘蔗的抗旱优良品种,其宿根性有待于进一步试验观察。