小叶杨原生质体培养中的激素和氮含量变化

以小叶杨原生质体培养的愈伤组织为供试材料，用高压液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ），测定它们在四种不同分化培养基上四大类内源激素（ＩＡＡ，ＧＡ３，ＣＴＫ，ＡＢＡ）的含量变化，并检定有关Ｎ的生化反应，结果表明，不同分化培养基上愈伤组织中内源激素含量和种类差异很大，导致细胞分裂素（ＣＴＫ）含量高，种类多以细胞分裂素与主长素的比值（ＣＴＫ／ＬＡＡ）高的处理，有利于愈伤组织分化；但若愈伤组织中含有内源脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）     

小叶杨原生质体培养植株再生及其同工酶的变化

从小叶杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｉｍｏｎｉｉ）胚性悬浮细胞分离得到大量有活力的原生质体，产量高达３．８×１０７ｇ－１ＦＷ。高密度（３×１０６／ｍＬ）液体浅层培养可促进小叶杨原生质体的分裂和生长；以葡萄糖为唯一碳源的Ｋｍ８ｐ培养基，有利于原生质体的持续分裂；在培养基中添加有机氮，有助于提高原生质体的植板率。原生质体形成细胞团后，逐步降渗和分皿培养，能有效促进细胞团的持续分裂。愈伤组织在不同分化培养基上的分化频率存在着明显的差异，同工酶分析说明，分化能力强的愈伤组织，其ＴＣＡ循环和磷酸戊糖途径较为活跃，ＧＯＴ、ＥＳＴ和ＰＥＲＯＸ的活性比较高。当芽伸长到２—３ｃｍ时，从基部切下转移到无激素的１／２ＭＳ培养基上诱导生根并形成完整植株。移入盒内，在温室生长良好。     

枣树愈伤组织培养时不定根的分化

枣树愈伤组织培养所形成的不定芽（茎）,在 Ｍ Ｓ（１／２ Ｎ Ｏ－３ ）附加生长素的培养基上分化出了不定根。在三种生长素的应用中, Ｉ Ｂ Ａ 效果最好,其次是 Ｉ Ａ Ａ, Ｎ Ａ Ａ 生根率低、且会脱分化形成大量愈伤组织。叶能促进不定根分化。光和细胞分裂素 Ｂ Ａ 则会抑制不定根分化,但在不定根产生后,光的抑制作用则被解除。     

沙冬青茎段组织培养技术

沙冬青种子灭菌后，接入无激素的ＭＳ培养基得到无菌苗。切取无菌苗茎段，接入含６－ＢＡ，ＫＴ，ＩＢＡ，及ＧＡ激素的ＭＳ培养基中诱导愈伤组织，并分化产生芽，将芽转至含ＩＢＡ的１／３ＭＳ培养基上形成根，从而得到完整植株。同时对影响沙冬青组织培养的一些因素进行了研究。     

枣树原生质体培养及其植株再生

以无核小枣和鸡蛋枣两个枣树品种的胚性悬浮细胞经酶解获得的原生质体为材料,采用不同种类的培养基、不同含量的ＮＡＡ 和 ＺＴ 激素组合及不同原生质体培养密度对两个枣树品种的原生质体进行培养,以获得适宜的培养基种类、较佳ＮＡＡ 和ＺＴ 的激素组合及适宜的培养密度。结果表明：用ＫＭ ８ｐ 作培养基,附加 ０．３ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ＋ ０．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＺＴ 的激素组合,以５×１０５ 个原生质体／ｍ Ｌ 的培养密度, 对其原生质体经 １０ 周液体浅层培养,可获得直径约为 １ ｍ ｍ 的微愈伤组织。将这些微愈伤组织先后转入低渗ＫＭ ８ｐ ＋ ３．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ＋ ０． ２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＺＴ 琼脂培养基和Ｍ Ｓ［（１／２）ＮＯ－３ ］＋ ３．０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ＋ ２．０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＺＴ 琼脂培养基上增殖, 再转入枣树分化培养基中,可获得完整的原生质体再生植株     

几种针叶树种离体培养条件的研究

取油松、白皮松、华山松、青的休眠芽外植体，进行了离体培养条件的研究。结果表明：基本培养基以ＷＰＭ和ＭＳ为宜，ＳＨ次之；激素ＢＡ比ＫＴ作用明显，浓度以０．２～０．７５ｍｇ／ｌ为宜；ＮＡＡ０．５～１．５ｍｇ／ｌ配合使用少量ＩＢＡ，利于愈伤组织的诱导和分化；ＢＡ／ＮＡＡ＜１适宜于针叶树种离体培养，从而为优良针叶树种的无性转化和针叶树组培快速繁殖提供了依据。     

杜仲组织培养技术的研究

为了提高杜仲的繁殖系数,以杜仲种子无菌发芽后的胚轴为外植体进行了不定芽的诱导。在添加ＮＡＮ０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上愈伤组织生长较快,愈伤组织诱导率为１００％。２０ｄ后出现了芽的分化,其分化率为２５．６％。在探讨谷氨酸氨对芽分化的影响中,添加谷氨酰氨的培养基中能促进不定芽的分化。在根的诱导中,以 ＭＳ（１／２Ｎ）为基本培养基,在添加 ＩＢＡ１． ５ ｍｇ／Ｌ时,根系生长粗壮且生根率达 ９５％。     

三种杨树扦插生根期间内源激素水平的比较研究

用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）和气相色谱（ＧＣ）法，分析银白杨、毛白根和山杨的对照、ＮＡＡ处理和ＮＡＡ＋ＢＡ处理硬枝插穗（芽、皮）的内源ＡＢＡ、ＩＡＡ和玉米素含量在扦插生根期间的变化。试验表明，硬枝扦插生根是潜伏根原基存在与否和皮部内源激素平衡两方面的原因决定的。银白杨皮部的ＩＡＡ／ＡＢＡ比值和玉米素含量高，潜伏根原基有迅速恢复生长的条件，能自发生根成活。毛白杨的ＩＡＡ／ＡＢＡ比值和玉米素含量都低，需     

假叶树的组织培养

在假叶树组织培养过程中,各种激素的质量浓度;在愈伤组织阶段,细胞分裂素ＺＴ以１．０、生长素ＮＡＡ以０．３为宜;分化阶段,细胞分裂素ＢＡ以１．０或ＺＴ以０．５、生长素ＮＡＡ以０．１为宜;生根阶段以０．３％活性炭,不加任何激素重要有效果最好。     

非洲菊外植体的愈伤组织诱导和继代植株再生

取展开的非洲菊组培苗叶片做外植体 ,将其放入含有ＮＡＡ、ＢＡ、ＩＢＡ等不同激动素组合的ＭＳ培养基中培养。结果 ,在ＮＡＡ、ＢＡ和ＩＢＡ用量均为 1 0ｍｇ/Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基中愈伤组织生长最快 ,但仅在用量为ＮＡＡ 1ｍｇ/Ｌ ＢＡ0 75ｍｇ/Ｌ ＩＢＡ 0 75ｍｇ/Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基中有不定芽产生非洲菊外植体的愈伤组织诱导和继代植株再生     

KNO_3对猕猴桃组培苗形态及生理特性的影响

为研究MS培养基不同浓度的KNO_3对猕猴桃离体繁育的影响,以‘红阳’猕猴桃组培幼苗为试验材料,就培养基中添加不同浓度的KNO_3改良MS培养基对猕猴桃增殖的新梢形态,抗氧化酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及内源激素含量变化的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明:当KNO_3质量浓度从1 140 mg/L增加至2 660 mg/L时,猕猴桃幼苗中的抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性、PAL活性、内源激素(IAA、GA_3和CTK)含量、IAA/ABA、GA_3/ABA和CTK/ABA均呈先增大后减小的变化趋势;ABA含量则随KNO_3质量浓度的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势。当KNO_3质量浓度为1 900 mg/L时,体内氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性最高,内源激素IAA、GA_3、CTK含量较高,ABA含量较低,植株发育正常。     

大小年毛竹林中内源激素节律变化特征的研究

运用酶联免疫测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）,对大小年毛竹林一个大小年生长发育周期中,不同生长发育时期竹叶、竹秆、竹鞭、鞭梢中内源激素（ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ）含量进行了测定和分析,结果表明：（１）大小年毛竹林鞭竹系统中任一器官中ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３含量的变化趋势一致,ＡＢＡ含量的变化趋势与ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３的相背。（２）立竹的内源激素节律变化,具相对独立性,竹叶、竹秆中内源激素含量的变化具同步性,ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ含量各出现两个峰值和两个低值;ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３大小年年均含量大年高小年低,ＡＢＡ则相反。（３）鞭梢中ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ含量变化也具相对独立性,出现二个峰值和二个低值;ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ大小年年均含量基本相当。（４）竹鞭中内源激素的节律变化具整体性,分别是四个峰值和四个低值;ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ_３、ＡＢＡ大小年年均含量基本相当。毛竹大小年的形成是由毛竹林鞭竹系统的整体性结构和立竹个体的生长节律及植物内源激素的调控作用共同决定的。     

不同产量类型雷竹林的激素、氨基酸及营养成分分析研究

通过对不同产量类型雷竹林植株及竹笋激素的分析,认为GA3和ABA调控着雷竹鞭侧芽的萌发,也就是影响着竹林的产量,而IAA和CTK对雷竹鞭侧芽的萌发没有明显的调控作用,但影响着竹笋的生长发育;通过对氨基酸含量的分析认为高、中、低雷竹林竹笋的氨基酸含量基本相同,但覆盖雷竹林的春季竹笋氨基酸含量明显下降;通过对竹笋营养成分的分析,得出蛋白质、N、P、K含量从高、中、低产林呈下降趋势,并还认为竹林中适当增施N肥有利于笋产量的提高。     

白梭梭同化枝对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应

对白梭梭同化枝自然水分胁迫下的季节抗旱特征进行研究。结果表明:自然干旱胁迫条件下,不同生长发育时期同化枝的主导抗旱生理因子不同。5月31日至6月29日盛花期间,同化枝内源ABA含量甚微,气孔导度值与光合强度处于生长发育过程的最高水平,可溶性糖含量呈现下降趋势,而脯氨酸含量略有增加,植物通过渗透调节作用适应此阶段轻度干旱胁迫;6月29日至7月26日盛夏期间,ABA迅速积累,气孔导度值降为生长发育过程的最低值,叶绿素分解,可溶性糖与脯氨酸均呈现快速积累趋势,且可溶性糖积累强度大于脯氨酸;8月9日至8月22日同化枝生长发育后期,ABA急剧积累为生长发育过程的最高浓度,气孔导度值有所增大,脯氨酸和可溶性糖保持在高水平平稳变化。此阶段高浓度ABA调节植物生理过程适应干旱的效应受CTK、IAA两种内源激素的抑制,进而抑制脯氨酸和可溶性糖的继续积累。     

油茶组培苗移栽后前3个月内源激素变化规律的研究

应用反相高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定了油茶组培苗第1、5、8代继代苗和实生苗在移栽培育前3个月中IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA 4种植物主要内源激素的动态变化,分析了其变化规律。结果表明,组培苗与实生苗各器官中GA3、ABA和IAA含量分布趋势一致,只有内源ZR分布水平有差异。组培苗刚移栽时各器官中IAA、GA3、ZR含量都远高于实生苗,而ABA则低于实生苗;移栽1个月后,组培苗各器官中IAA、GA3、ZR含量骤然下降;此后继续培养的2个月中,组培苗各器官激素水平略有回升或维持平稳,但都略高于实生苗。移栽后,实生苗和组培苗叶片组织中ABA/GA3（K值）和ABA/（GA3＋IAA＋ZR）比值变化都呈明显的下降趋势,组培苗K值降低幅度大于实生苗,移栽培养3个月后K值与实生苗差异不大。     

滇杨侧芽不同季节内源激素含量变化动态

In order to understand the content changes of endogenous hormones in lateral buds of Populus yunnanensis during different seasons, the lateral buds collected from stems of three-year old cuttings of P. yunnanensis were used as materials, contents of ABA, IAA and ZR in the lateral buds in the autumn, winter and spring were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results indicated that the contents of ABA and IAA were first decreased and then increased while the contents of ZR increased gradually, and the values of the three kinds of endogenous hormones reached maximum in spring. The content of each endogenous hormone among different seasons was different significantly. However, the ratio changes of ZR/ABA, ZR/IAA and ZR/(ABA+IAA) were first increased and then decreased, and all reached the maximum in winter, which were significantly higher than that in autumn and srping.     

油桐花芽分化期内源激素含量的变化

为给油桐花芽分化及花期调控的研究提供理论依据.在观察油桐花芽形态分化的显微结构的基础上,测定并分析了该时期油桐叶片中内源激素ZR(玉米索核苷)、IAA(生长素)、GA(赤霉素)、ABA(脱落酸)含量的变化情况.结果表明:当花芽生理分化期,ZR(玉米素核苷)、IAA(生长素)、GA(赤霉素)、ABA(脱落酸)的含量迅速下降,到花芽形态分化开始前降到较低水平;花芽形态分化开始后,ZR(玉米素核苷)、IAA(生长素),GA(赤霉素),ABA(脱落酸)的含量呈现出前期上升、中期波动、末期上升的变化规律;花芽生理分化期,ZR/GA、ZR/IAA、ABA/GA和ABA/IAA之值迅速上升,而当花芽形态分化期,各比值在较高水平上的波动大.后期下降.因此,内源激素间的平衡与综合作用促进了花芽的分化.     

Regulation of phytohormones on root primordium initiation and adventitious root formation in the etiolated shoots of Paeonia suffruticosa''''Yinfen Jinlin''''

Tree peony is well known and sought after for its large, colorful flowers. Its propagation is via vegetative methods. Mech-nisms of the adventitious rooting and the regulation of rooting processes are the principles and techniques of plant propagation and improvement. Microstructures and fluctuations of phytohormones in the adventitious rooting were studied with the etiolated softwood shoots of Paeonia suffruticosa 'Yinfen Jinlin'. There are no pre-primordia in the shoots of the cultivar. Adventitious roots are produced in five stages: shoot selection, primordium initiation, primordium growth, conducting tissue differentiation and root protrusion. Primordia initiated in the cortex. The contents of the endogenous hormones, IAA, ABA and GA, were 5.842, 0.873 and 1.043 nmol·g-1 FW on the bases of shoots, respectively. CTKs which included isopentenyl adenine (iPA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and dihy-drozeatin riboside (DHZR) were 0.949, 0.695 and 2.034 nmol·g-1 FW, respectively. DHZR is active among CTKs. The ratio of IAA to GA, CTK and ABA clearly increased at the stage of primordium initiation, while they showed low levels at the stages of primordium growth. The ratios were restored at the shoot levels at the stage of root protrusion. IBA provoked primordia initiation in the cortex, the vascular cambium, the pith and even in the callus induced on the base of shoots. IAA levels in the treated shoots increased gradually to its highest level (three times of control) at the stage of conducting tissue differentiation. The ratios of IAA to GA, CTK and ABA clearly decreased at the stage of primordium initiation. The ratio of IAA to ABA is regulated at 10:1.     

Physio-ecological response of Haloxylon persicum photosynthetic shoots to drought stress

This paper studied the seasonal characteristics to resist the drought stress of Haloxylon persicum Bge. Ex Boiss. et Buhse photosynthetic shoots at habitat. The results showed that the predominant drought resistance factors were varied at the different stage from growth to development. In the blooming season (from May 31 to June 29), endogenous ABA contents were rare; stomatal conductance and photosynthesis intensity were the highest at the whole stage from growth to development; soluble sugars contents had a decreasing trend and proline contents increased a little that made proline become the predominant factor to resist the drought under this light water stress. In the hot summer (from June 29 to July 26), ABA contents accumulated rapidly; stomatal conductance dropped to the lowest level of the growth and development; chlorophyll was also decomposed; both soluble sugars and proline contents showed the trend of quickly accumulating, but the former was faster than the latter. It was due to stomatal limitation and osmotic organic molecules accumulation that would affect the photosynthetic shoots to resist severe drought stress. At the late period of the development (from Aug 9 to Aug 22), ABA rapidly accumulated, its contents got to the highest level of whole life-span; stomatal conductance increased a little; proline and soluble sugars contents changed little at high level; while the ratios of ABA to CTK content and ABA to IAA content got up obviously, the effect to resist drought stress on high content ABA was inhibited by endogenous plant hormone CTK and IAA, then the continuing accumulation of proline and soluble sugars would be prevented. Osmosis of organic molecules was the most important factor to adjust leaves to severe water stress at this period. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(5) [译自, 林业科学 2005, 41(5)]     

蓖麻叶片内源激素变化对主花序开花结实的影响

为了探明蓖麻叶片中的内源激素对其主花序开花结实的影响情况,以蓖麻良种湘蓖1号为试验材料,测定了蓖麻主花序不同发育时期叶片中内源激素IAA、ABA、GA_3、ZR的含量,分析了主花序不同发育时期叶片中内源激素的变化规律及其对主花序开花结实的影响情况。结果表明:IAA含量与雌花序长、雌花序比之间均呈显著负相关;ABA含量与雌花序长、果穗长之间均呈显著正相关,而与含油率间呈显著负相关;GA_3含量与果穗长呈正相关,ABA/IAA与雌花序长呈显著正相关,而ABA/(IAA+GA_3+ZR)与千粒质量和含油率之间均呈显著负相关。这一分析结果说明,内源激素ABA和IAA的含量及ABA/IAA的平衡状态对主花序花性分化均起重要作用,GA_3和ABA的含量及ABA/(IAA+GA_3+ZR)的平衡状态主要影响主花序的结实,文中建议,在蓖麻生产过程中应当对其进行合理的调控。