Monosomic Addition Lines of Flowering Chinese Cabbage （B. campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis L. H. Bailey）-Chinese Kale （B. oleracea L. var. alboglabra L. H. Bailey）

Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological observation with the reference of parents. Triploid interspecies hybrid （AAC, 2n = 3x = 29） was obtained from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis Qinglu 9601 （tetraploid, AAAA, 2n = 4x = 40） x B. oleracea var. alboglabra Baihua 9705 （diploid, CC, 2n = 2x = 18） by immature hybrid embryo culture in vitro. Five different alien monosomic addition lines （AA ＋ C2, AA ＋ C3, AA ＋ C4, AA ＋ C6, AA ＋ C7） were obtained from the backcross progenies of AAC x AA. Each alien monosomic addition line has some specific morphological characters. It is feasible to obtain alien addition lines from the progenies of AAC × AA by karyotype analysis and morphological observation based on the reference of parents     

用TI—59微型电算器进行大地坐标变换的程序编制 B.L.L。→X.Y.r X.Y.L。→B.L.

在测量工作中,凡采用高斯—克吕格投影者,常要进行大地坐标换算为高斯—克吕格坐标,或由高斯—克吕格坐标反算其大地坐标(简称大地坐标正算或反算)。以及图廓点的坐标计算等。对于大地坐标正反算及坐标换带工作,通常是用高斯—克吕格投影计算表、坐标     

Evaluation of Some Physical Properties of Cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.）

Cucumber is one of the important vegetables in many countries. Information about physical properties of cucumber is necessary for designing, grading, sorting and processing operations. In this study, some physical properties such as diameter, length, height, and weight of three varieties of cucumber （Green Gold, Dharwad, and Super Dominus） were measured. The results revealed that there was no significant difference （P〈0.01） in the density values of the studied varieties, but regarding other physical properties there were a significant difference （P〈0.01） among them. The average density for Green Gold, Dharwad and Super Dominus were 0.98, 0.95 and 0.94 g/cm^3, respectively. Green Gold cucumber had the highest diameter, volume, weight, flesh diameter, geometric mean diameter and sphericity. Dharwad and Super Dominus varieties with 15.49 cm length and 4.61 length to diameter ratio had the highest length and length to diameter ratio, respectively. Smallest skin thickness （1.48 cm） was for Super Dominus. Surface area of Green Gold, Dharwad and Super Dominus were 192.29, 192.4 and 131.2 cm^2. As well as there was a high and positive correlation between weight and volume in the studied varieties. There was a non-significant and low correlation （0.56） between diameter and length in Super Dominus. There was also a high and positive correlation between diameter and geometric mean diameter in all the varieties.     

Tolerance of Maize(Zea mays L. )to Chlorsulfuron

Fourteen inbreds of maize were tested for the tolerance to chlorsulfuron with the method of seedling wa- ter culter. Significant difference existed in the tolerance of different type maize when tested with 1 and 2 μg/ kg of chlorsulfuron. The tolerance in different type maize wa dent＞flint＞sugar＞midiem＞super sugar pop. The tolerance of different inbred maize was negative correlated with the concentration concentration of chorsulfuron. The tolerance of hybrids might have some relation with their parent lines because in this test the hybrids response to chlorsulfuron showed significant positive correlation with that of tits female parent which suggented some maternal in inheritance and was not controlled by nuclear. It was possible that toler- ance of maize to chlorsulfuron was cytoplasm inheritance.     

Genetic Stability of Resistance of Bean （Phasedus vulgaris L.） to Glyphosate

Thirty lines of bcan were tested for resistance to glyphosate in the field.Obvious difference in resistance response to glyphosate was detected when glyphosate was applied at the rate of 1kg ai/ha on the 15th day after emergence of seeclings.The ling 89-05 showed high resistance with a survival of 77%.Even after glyphosate was reapplied.the survival rats was still 20%,Obvious segregation was found in Progency of 89-05 for resistance to glyphosate;the survival rate of lined 89-05-1 89-05-2 and 89-05-3 were,respectivcly,42.3%,51.4% and 85.7%,at 1kg ai/ha of the herbicide with a survival of 77%.Even after glyphosate was reapplied.the survival rate was still 20%,Obvious segregation was found in progency of 89-05 for resistance to glyphosate;the survival rate of lined 89-05-1 89-05-2 and 89-05-3 were,respectively,42.3%,51.4%and 85.7% at 1kg ai/ha of the herbicide.Progenies 89-05-3 continued to show resistance and lines 89-05-3-5and 89-05-3-7 both had a survival rate of 100%,When glyphosate was applied with a rate over 1keqia/ha,the survival rate of the 89-05-3-5 was still between 50%-98%.     

Determination of Chilling and Heat Requirements of Pistachio （Pistacia vera L.） Cultivars

Determination of chilling and heat requirements of pistachio （Pistacia vera L.） cultivars is important for satisfactory growth and development, particularly when large-scale commercial production is desired. This experiment was conducted to determine chilling requirement inducing vegetative and flower buds of Kalle-Ghuchi, Owhadi, Ahmad-Ahgaei, and Akbari pistachio. Shoots with enough vegetative and flower buds were taken from pistachio trees during autumn 2007 and 2008 when temperature reached to 15°C. Cuttings with flower buds were kept under （5 ± 1）°C for 0, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1 000, 1 050, 1 100, 1 150, 1 200, 1 250, and 1 300 h, respectively, and cuttings with vegetative buds were kept at 51°C until 1 500 h. The results indicated that pistachio cultivars requite chilling time between 750-1 400 h and heat requirements between 8 852-15 420 growing degree hours （GDH）. Consequently, Kalle-Ghuchi had the lowest chilling （750-950 h）, and heat （8 852-9 768 GDH） requirements, Ahmad-Aghaei and Owhadi had intermediate （1 000-1 250 h, 10 656- 13 320 GDH） and Akbari had the highest chilling （1 200-1 400 h） and heat （11 863-15 420 GDH） requirement.     

Directional Breeding of An Oval-ecotype Male Sterile Line of Chinese Cabbage(Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis)

[目的]探究大白菜定向转育卵圆生态型雄性不育系的方法。[方法]以大白菜核不育＂复等位基因遗传假说＂为理论依据,以甲型两用系‘AB12’为不育供体品系,以卵圆生态型可育品系‘06048’为待转育品系,采用杂交、回交、兄妹交和测交的方法,按照定向转育方案将核不育基因定向转育。[结果]各世代育性分离比率与理论相一致,成功育成了一种不育株率100%的具有‘06048’园艺性状的新核不育系,实现了核不育基因和园艺特性的同时转育。[结论]该研究成果验证此定向转育方案是可行的,进一步为基因型为 msms的其他园艺性状的大白菜定向转育提供理论基础,也可以推广应用到整个芸薹属其它经济作物中,极大的拓宽了优良核不育基因的实际应用范围。     

Optimization of Culture Techniques for DH Line in Brassica napus L.

[Objective] The aim of this study is to reveal the disinfectants and disinfection methods,medium components,and embryoid culture method on dissociative microspore culture.[Method] B5 as basic medium appended with different concentrations of sucrose,agar and different hormone combinations was used to optimize the culture technique for DH line in Brassica napus L.[Result] Both the 15 min disinfection of NaClO containing 5% Cl-and 10 min disinfection of 0.1% HgCl2 performed well in disinfection and subsequent embryo production;in the extraction process of dissociative microspores,B5 medium containing 2% sucrose could achieve a good embryo production effect;under dark condition microspores were firstly incubated at 32 ℃ 5-7 d,then at 25 ℃ 12-15 d,and finally transferred to 25 ℃ oscillator(60-65 r/min)for 3-7d,when the embryoid would become full ripeness;1/2MS medium appended with 1.2% agar,0.02% NAA,2.0 mg/L 6-BA,3.4 mg/L AgNO3 and 2% sucrose was helpful for embryoid differentiation and plantlet generation,presenting low degree of browning and slight vitrification.[Conclusion] The results may facilitate DH Line in rape production in large scale and high efficient transformation system.     

Genetic Transformation of Brassica campestris L. ssp.pekinensis via Agrobacterium－ with Bt Gene

By means of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, 43 kanamycin-resistant buds of Chinese cabbage were got. PCR, PCR-Southern blot and dot blot analysis were used to identify and characterize the putative transgenic plants. 26 plants had the predicted bands of the fragment of npt Ⅱ gene. Insect bioassays of 4 transformants showed that toxic protein had been translated and the translation levels were different among these transformants.     

Establishment and Optimization of the Regeneration System of Mature Embryos of Maize （Zea mays L.）

A reliable system was developed for regeneration from mature embryos derived from callus of four maize inbred lines （Liao 7980, Dan 9818, Dan 340, and Dan 5026）. The protocol was mainly based on a series of experiments involving the composition of culture medium. We found that 9 pM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in MS medium was optimum for the induction of callus. The induction frequency of primary calli was over 85% for four inbred lines tested. The addition of L- proline （12 mM） in subculture medium significantly promoted the formation of embryogenic callus but it did not significantly enhance growth rate of callus. Efficient shoot regeneration was obtained on regeneration medium containing 2.22 μM 6- benzylaminopurine in combinations with 4.64 μM Kinetin. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 2.85 μM indole-3-butyric acid. This plant regeneration system provides a foundation for genetic transformation of maize.     

Cytological Observation of Microsporogenesis in Male-Sterile Lines of Chinese Pink （ Dianthus chinensis L.）

This study addressed the differences in microsporogenesis between male sterile and fertile lines of Chinese pink. The microsporogenesis processes of male sterile and fertile lines were histologically examined in squashed pollen grains and in paraffin embedded sections. A stable male-sterile line （H-37B） was obtained following six generations of inbreeding in a self-fertile line, followed by two generations of backcrossing. In the corresponding fertile line, development of the mature pollen grains was followed through the initiation of the sporogenous cell, microsporocyte formation, and the tetrad developmental period. In the male-sterile line, abortion of the developing pollen grains was observed to take place at various stages, namely, sporogenous cell growth, mother cell meiosis, and tetrad transformation to the uninuclear state. The pollen grains of the fertile line were spheroid, turgid, and viable. By contrast, the male-sterile line produced pollen that was irregular in shape, empty, and nonviable. The abortion of the microspore in the male-sterile line appeared to relate to abnormal growth of the tapetum layer.     

Effects of Different Culture Conditions on Vitrification of Lycium barbarum L. Plantlets in Tissue Culture

The tender stems from new Lycium barbarum L. cultivar "Ningqi 3" released by Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences were regarded as explants to investigate the vitrification of Lycium barbarum plantlets in tissue culture under different concentrations of 6-BA,sucrose,agrose,culture temperature,and illumination duration with MS as basic medium. The results show that the conditions for maximal proliferation coefficient and minimal vitrification are as following: the basic medium with 0.2 mg/L 6-BA,3% sucrose and 0.65% agarose; culture at 25 ℃; 12 h/d(daylight lamp,2 000 lx) illumination.     

Effects of Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Pungency of Hot Pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） Fruits

The response of pungency of hot pepper fruits nitrogenous fertilizer on was invesigated. The results indicated that nitrogenous fertilizer had a significant effect on the capsaicin content of hot pepper fruits at 35 and 42 days after flowering; capsaicin content gradually decreased, while peroxidase activity increased with nitrogenous fertilizer increasing.     

Characteristics of the Mesophyllous Cells in the Sheaths of Rice （Oryza sativa L.）

The photosynthesis of rice sheath plays a significant role to furnish rice yield, and it is accounted for 10 to 20% of the final yield. But, limited studies have been done to address this phenomenon and to characterize the mesophyllous cells of rice sheath and how it may attribute to the rice yield. In this paper, super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu, its parents Wumang 9311 and Peiai 64S, and hybrid rice Shanyou 63 were studied as the experimental materials, and the characteristics of the mesophyllous cells of rice sheaths were examined by microscopic and super-microscopic observation as well as chlorophyll absorption spectrums. The results showed that rice sheath was rich in the intact mesophyllous cells full of chloroplasts, grana and thylakoids, which were much the same as those of rice blade. The absorption spectrum curves of the Chi. a and b of the sheaths were similar to those of the blades. The stomatal density in the outer epidermises of the sheaths was comparable to those in the up- and down-epidermises of the blades. The significant tests proved that the amount of chloroplast per mesophyllous cell of the sheaths was almost the same as those of the blades, and the mesophyllous cells in the sheaths were also rich in chlorophylls. The chlorophyll content of rice sheath reached about 50% of the chlorophyll content of rice blade, and the P_n of the sheath/the blade ranged from 13.60 to 34.57%. Therefore, rice sheath was also full of the intact photosynthetic apparatus similar to those in rice blade, and had capabilities of photosynthesis. The statistical analysis revealed that the physiological senescence of the photosynthetic apparatus in both the sheath and the blade of Liangyoupeijiu was significantly slower than those of the other varieties at the late stages. The profuse grain-filling stage was an inflexion point of the physiological senescence of the chloroplasts and the chlorophylls of both the blades and the sheaths.     

Responses of Aerobic Rice （Oryza sativa L.） to Iron Deficiency

Aerobic rice has the advantage of saving water.Most published work has focused on improving its yield,while few reported on its micronutrient status.In fact,Fe deficiency is a common nutritional proble...     

Screening of Amaranth Cultivars （Amaranthus mangostanus L.） for Cadmium Hyperaccumulation

The potential harm of soil cadmium pollution to ecological environment and human health has been increasingly widely concerned. Phytoremediation, as a kind of new and effective technology, has become an important method for cleaning up cadmium in contaminated sites. The amaranth （Amaranthus mangostanus L.） is widely distributed and has abundant varieties in China, its rapid growth and large biomass can be served as candidate for cadmium hyperaccumulators for phytoremediation. To obtain cadmium hyper-accumulator, Cd uptake in 23 amaranth cultivars from different ecological region was investigated under hydroponic culture condition. Meanwhile, pot experiment was established to probe phytoremediation potentiality of Cd contaminated soil by amaranth. Three treatment （Cd 5, 10, and 25 mg kg^-1） were imposed to red soil, yellow brown soil, and vegetable soil. The results showed that under hydroponic culture with Cd 3 mg L^-1, the cadmium concentration in the shoots of the cultivar Tianxingmi reached 260 mg kg^-1, and its total cadmium uptake was the highest among various cultivars. In the treatment Cd 25 mg kg^-1, the cadmium concentration in the shoots of the cultivar Tianxingmi reached 212 mg kg^-1, while bioaccumulation factor and shoot purification rate reached 8.50 and 3.8%, respectively. Further, the total biomass and shoot biomass were not decreased significantly under Cd exposure. These results suggested that cultivar Tianxingmi is a typical Cd hyperaccumulator, and can be expected to be used in phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil.     

Insecticidal Activities of Extracts from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Callus

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.