松油烯-4-醇对粘虫体内保护酶活力的影响

以松油烯-4-醇处理粘虫5龄幼虫后,测定了兴奋期、痉挛期、麻痹期及复苏期4个中毒阶段试虫的保护酶活性。结果表明,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)被明显激活,各中毒阶段的酶活力均极显著高于对照,其中兴奋期的酶活力最大,为对照的3.04倍;处理试虫的过氧化氢酶(CAT)在兴奋期和痉挛期与对照的差异不大,而在麻痹期和复苏期被明显抑制,酶活力分别为对照的78%和92%;过氧化物酶(POD)也被明显抑制,各中毒阶段的酶比活力依次为对照的81%,86.0%,65.0%和90.0%。分析认为,中毒试虫的复苏可能与POD和CAT活力的变化有关。     

松油烯-4-醇对家蝇几种代谢酶及酚氧化酶的影响

    为进一步探讨松油烯-4-醇的作用机理,以点滴法处理家蝇成虫后,测定兴奋期、痉挛期、麻痹期及复苏期4个中毒阶段试虫的4种代谢酶及酚氧化酶(PPO)活性.结果表明:松油烯-4-醇可明显激活羧酸酯酶(CarE);酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)表现出先被激活后被抑制,在复苏期又被激活的变化过程,而碱性磷酸酯酶(AKP)被明显抑制,各期酶抑制率分别为8.0%、28.0%、45.0%和33.0%;谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)被明显激活,各期酶比活力分别为对照的1.59、1.19、1.26和2.76倍;松油烯-4-醇可显著抑制细胞色素P450O-脱甲基活性,在麻痹期和复苏期的酶抑制率分别为46.91%和60.89%;离体和活体条件下均可显著激活PPO活性.可见,松油烯-4-醇对家蝇代谢酶系的影响与其毒杀作用有关,而中毒试虫的复苏可能与GSTs的激活有关.该化舍物可开发为新型农药或增效剂,在害虫抗性治理中具有潜在的应用价值.     

松油烯-4-醇对粘虫几种代谢酶及酚氧化酶的影响

【目的】探讨杀虫植物砂地柏Sabina vulgaris精油中主要杀虫成分松油烯-4-醇的作用机理。【方法】以点滴法处理粘虫5龄幼虫后,测定兴奋期、痉挛期、麻痹期及复苏期等4个中毒阶段试虫体内4种代谢酶及酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性。【结果】松油烯-4-醇仅在麻痹期对酸性磷酸酯酶（ACP）具有一定的抑制作用,而在其它时期均可明显激活ACP及碱性磷酸酯酶（AKP）;对谷胱甘肽S转移酶（GSTs）则表现出先抑制后恢复的趋势;可显著抑制细胞色素P450 O-脱甲基活性,各中毒阶段酶抑制率分别为26.27%、46.03%、80.24%和90.22%;离体和活体条件下,均可显著抑制PPO活性。【结论】松油烯-4-醇对粘虫代谢酶系细胞色素P450、GSTs及PPO的抑制与其毒杀活性有关,而中毒试虫的复苏可能与GSTs活性的恢复有关。该化合物可开发为新型农药或增效剂,在害虫抗性治理中具有潜在的应用价值。     

松油烯-4-醇对几种昆虫的熏蒸毒力及其致毒症状

采用三角瓶熏蒸法或熏蒸盒法,测定了松油烯-4-醇对小菜蛾、粘虫、棉铃虫的3龄幼虫及家蝇、玉米象、赤拟谷盗成虫的熏蒸毒力。结果表明,松油烯-4-醇对不同种类昆虫的熏蒸毒力有较大差异;对小菜蛾、粘虫、家蝇的熏蒸毒力较高,其LC50值分别为1.8321,5.3473,2.9511μL/L,而对玉米象、赤拟谷盗、棉铃虫的熏蒸毒力较低;不同种类试虫的症状反应有所差异,但中毒反应过程都包括兴奋、痉挛、麻痹昏迷、死亡或复苏等几个阶段;鳞翅目昆虫小菜蛾、粘虫和棉铃虫大量吐胃液现象明显,家蝇有忌避和被迅速击倒现象,中毒后部分试虫有复苏能力。     

松油烯-4-醇对粘虫幼虫体壁结构的影响

用砂地柏精油主要杀虫活性成分松油烯 - 4 -醇熏蒸处理粘虫 6龄中期幼虫后 ,在扫描电镜下观察了不同中毒阶段粘虫体表蜡质颗粒及体壁底膜的变化。结果表明 ,松油烯 - 4 -醇处理可导致粘虫幼虫体表蜡质层颗粒形态和排列形式发生改变 ,颗粒间空隙变大 ,体壁底膜也有一定程度的破坏 ,这些病变可能是导致体表失水的主要原因。     

闹羊花素—Ⅲ对菜粉蝶幼虫血淋巴和中肠酯酶的影响

闹羊花素－Ⅲ（简称R－Ⅲ）对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫血淋巴和中肠酯酶的活性，并分析了酯酶同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）图谱。活体试验结果表明，R－Ⅲ以每虫5μg定量饲喂或以20mg/L浸渍叶碟后饲喂试虫，能显著降低血淋巴和中肠酯酶比活力，以每虫1－3μg处理或5mg/L浸叶饲喂处理时，对酶活性的影响取决于处理剂量和时间。PAGE表明，R－ Ⅲ以每虫5μg处理，酯酶酶谱发生明显变化，主酶带明显抑制。     

马桑毒素致毒后试虫酯酶同工酶变化的时序分析

采用Pearson相似性比较及欧氏聚类法,对马桑毒素处理后试虫血液、中肠及组织酯酶同工酶谱及酶带数量随时间的变化进行了分析和比较.结果表明:处理组侧柏毒蛾幼虫的中肠、组织、血液的酯酶同工酶在处理后1～4 h之间酶带数减少,8～12 h内酶带增多,24 h以后这种激应性变化相对稳定.试虫受马桑毒素干扰后可使虫肠组织的分子量相对较小、组织及血液中分子量为中等的酯酶的酶谱变化较大,但是该毒素侵入虫体后的后期致毒性与前期基本接近,毒性效应有较为稳定的持续性.     

松油烯-4-醇及其酯类衍生物对家蝇Na+，K+-ATPase活性的抑制作用

【目的】探讨松油烯-4-醇的杀虫作用机理。【方法】采用点滴法测定了松油烯-4-醇及其6种酯类衍生物乙酸酯（Z1）、丙酸酯（Z2）、丙烯酸酯（Z3）、苯甲酸酯（Z4）、苯磺酸酯（Z5）、对甲苯磺酸酯（Z6）对家蝇成虫的触杀活性及对其体内Na+,K+-ATPase活性的影响。【结果】松油烯-4-醇及其酯类衍生物对家蝇均具有一定的触杀活性,除丙烯酸酯外,其它酯类衍生物的触杀毒力均高于或相当于松油烯-4-醇;活体条件下,7种化合物均对Na+,K+-ATPase具有较强的抑制作用,且随着中毒症状的加剧,对该酶的抑制作用增强;离体条件下,松油烯-4-醇及其乙酸酯、丙酸酯、苯甲酸酯、苯磺酸酯、对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物对家蝇Na+,K+-ATPase的IC50分别为155.89、197.98、96.02、121.36、124.85、153.74μg•ml-1;分析发现松油烯-4-醇及其酯类衍生物对家蝇24 h的触杀LD50与对Na+,K+-ATPase的IC50之间具有显著相关性。【结论】Na+,K+-ATPase可能是松油烯-4-醇类化合物的主要作用靶标。     

苦皮藤素V对昆虫选择毒性机理的进一步研究

研究了苦皮藤素 对粘虫 (Mythimna separata)和小地老虎 (Agrotis ypsilon)幼虫的选择毒性机理。结果表明 ,对照组小地老虎幼虫血液、中肠和整体匀浆的酯酶活性显著高于粘虫幼虫。经苦皮藤素 注射或胃毒处理后 ,粘虫幼虫酯酶活性均受到显著抑制而降低 ,血液和中肠酯酶同工酶谱主带减弱 ;而小地老虎幼虫血液酯酶活性显著升高 ,血液酯酶同工酶谱主带加强。因此认为 ,酯酶活性和酯酶同工酶的差异是苦皮藤素 对粘虫和小地老虎幼虫选择毒性的机制之一。     

苦皮藤素Ⅴ对昆虫选择毒性机理的进一步研究

研究了苦皮藤素Ⅴ对粘虫(Mythimna separata)和小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)幼虫的选择毒性机理.结果表明,对照组小地老虎幼虫血液、中肠和整体匀浆的酯酶活性显著高于粘虫幼虫.经苦皮藤素Ⅴ注射或胃毒处理后,粘虫幼虫酯酶活性均受到显著抑制而降低,血液和中肠酯酶同工酶谱主带减弱;而小地老虎幼虫血液酯酶活性显著升高,血液酯酶同工酶谱主带加强.因此认为,酯酶活性和酯酶同工酶的差异是苦皮藤素Ⅴ对粘虫和小地老虎幼虫选择毒性的机制之一.     

Effects of Terpinen-4-ol on Four Metabolic Enzymes and Polyphenol Oxidase （PPO） in Mythimna separta Walker

To study insecticidal mechanism of terpinen-4-ol, a main insecticidal composition in the essential oil of Sabina vulgaris, the 5th instar larvae of Mythimna separta, were investigated with terpinen-4-ol by topical application. The activities of phosphatase, glutathione S-transferase （GSTs）, cytochrome P450 （P450）, and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） of tested insects were determined in all poisoning stages, including exciting stage, convulsing stage, paralysis stage, and recover stage. The result showed that the activities of both acid phosphatase （ACP） and alkaline phosphatase （AKP） in treated insects were induced by terpinen-4-ol, but ACP was inhibited in paralysis stage. The activities of GSTs were inhibited in exciting stage, convulsing stage, and paralysis stage, but gradually recovered in recover stage. O-demethylase activity of cytochrome P450 was inhibited by terpinen-4-ol, and the inhibition rate in all poisoning stages were 26.27, 46.03, 80.24, and 90.22%, respectively. PPO activities were strongly inhibited by terpinen-4-ol both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the activities of P450, GSTs, and PPO could have relation with toxicity of terpinen-4-ol against larvae of the Mythimna separta, but recover stage of the poisoning insects might be related to GSTs induced. As a new insecticide or synergist, terpinen- 4-ol has a potential value in field of insecticide resistance management.     

Effects of Terpinen-4-ol on Four Metabolic Enzymes and Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) in Mythimna separta Walker

To study insecticidal mechanism of terpinen-4-ol, a main insecticidal composition in the essential oil of Sabina vulgaris, the 5th instar larvae of Mythimna separta, were investigated with terpinen-4-ol by topical application. The activities of phosphatase, glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), cytochrome P450 (P450), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of tested insects were determined in all poisoning stages, including exciting stage, convulsing stage, paralysis stage, and recover stage. The result showed that the activities of both acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in treated insects were induced by terpinen-4-ol, but ACP was inhibited in paralysis stage. The activities of GSTs were inhibited in exciting stage, convulsing stage, and paralysis stage, but gradually recovered in recover stage. O-demethylase activity of cytochrome P450 was inhibited by terpinen-4-ol, and the inhibition rate in all poisoning stages were 26.27, 46.03, 80.24, and 90.22%, respectively. PPO activities were strongly inhibited by terpinen-4-ol both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the activities of P450, GSTs, and PPO could have relation with toxicity of terpinen-4-ol against larvae of the Mythimna separta, but recover stage of the poisoning insects might be related to GSTs induced. As a new insecticide or synergist, terpinen- 4-ol has a potential value in field of insecticide resistance management.     

辣椒疫霉可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶电泳分析

采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(SDS-PAGE)和PAGE电泳技术分别对安徽不同地区的46个辣椒疫霉进行可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶分析,从蛋白质和酶学水平上分析辣椒疫霉的生理生化特征。可溶性蛋白电泳表明,每个辣椒疫霉分离出了25~37条谱带,平均31.5条。其中具有多态性的条带共有24条,多态性比率达64.9%,可溶性蛋白图谱与地理来源相关,但与致病力不相关。酯酶同工酶PAGE电泳显示辣椒疫霉菌株各有1~8条条带,Rf值为0.05~1.00,不同辣椒疫霉菌株间某些同工酶谱带数和同一迁移率谱带的颜色和宽度差异显著,其中弱致病力菌株的条带数为1~3条,说明菌株的致病力差异可在酯酶同工酶水平上得到反映。     

黄瓜和西瓜尖孢镰刀菌同工酶异质性分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对同一寄主尖孢镰刀菌进行了同工酶分析。结果表明,黄瓜不同部位分离的尖孢镰刀菌过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱是相同的,均为 3条过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶带,迁移率分别为 0.04、0.20和 0.33;而酯酶 (EST)同工酶酶谱存在较大的差异。西瓜尖孢镰刀菌都具有 4条POD同工酶酶带,电泳迁移率分别为 0.048、0.190、0.286和0.381,而EST同工酶条带很少,且存在较大差异。     

水稻幼苗感染白叶枯病后若干同工酶的变化

白叶枯病原细菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv.oryzae)感染稻苗后,诱导病株叶片PAL活力的增强,感病品种的酶活力上升更为显著.PAL和酯酶同工酶谱带和各谱带活力在感病后有不同程度的变化:PAL同工酶谱在感病叶片中条数减少。部分酶带活力减弱,抗性强的品种尤为明显;酯酶同工酶谱,在感病后抗性强的品种,慢速区谱带增加1—2条,抗病和感病品种在该区酶活力均增加.相反,高抗品种在中速和高速区均表现酶活力降低.高抗品种只对强毒力菌株反应灵敏,感病品种被中毒力菌株感染后酶谱出现差异,而被高低毒两菌株感染后的酶谱则相似.     

Inhibition of Na＋,K＋-ATPase in Housefly （Musca domestica L.） by Terpinen- 4-ol and Its Ester Derivatives

To reveal the insecticidal mechanism of terpinen-4-ol, the activity of Na＋,K＋-ATPase in insects tested were determined in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that terpinen-4-ol and its ester derivatives had strong contact activity to housefly and the contact toxicities of its derivatives except Z3 were all superior or equivalent to terpinen-4-ol. All the 7 compounds had strong inhibition towards activity of Na＋,K＋-ATPase. With poisoning symptom exacerbating, the inhibition rates were gradually increased. In vitro, the IC50 of terpinen-4-ol, Z1, Z2, Z4, Z5, and Z6 was 155.89, 197.98, 96.02, 121.36, 124.85, and 153.74 μg mL% respectively. There was well correlation between the LDs0 of terpinen-4-ol derivatives to housefly and the IC50 of terpinen-4-ol derivatives to Na＋,K＋-ATPase in housefly. In conclusion, Na＋,K＋-ATPase was likely the target of terpinen-4-ol against insects.     

水稻几组同核异质系二核期花药同工酶的初步分析

本研究用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了4个同核异质系(珍汕97、D(汕)A、G(汕)A和W(汕)A)及其杂种一代的二核期花药的酯酶、过氧化物酶和细胞色素氧化酶同二酶。结果表明,供试材料的酯酶出现了11条酶带;过氧化物酶出现了9条酶带;细胞色素氧化酶度现了13条酶带。水稻花药酯酶、过氧化物酶和细胞色素氧化酶的酶谱和酶活性受亲本核质双方的影响。水稻花粉败育可能与酯酶同二酶E_8、E_9 E_(11),过氧化物酶同工酶Per_8、Per_9,细胞色素氧化酶同工酶Cyt_5、Cyt_7、Cyt_9、Cyt_(10)的消失或活性降低有某种关系。