高温强光对双荚决明的影响及其园林应用

对双荚决明的色素、光合和荧光参数的高温强光下的变化进行了测定研究。结果表明:双荚决明的总叶绿素含量相对较高,不同叶位成熟叶片的叶绿素含量相差不大。双荚决明为强阳性植物,其光补偿点为12μmol.m-2.s-1,光饱和点为632μmol.m-2.s-1,最大的光合速率为5.840μmol.m-2.s-1,呼吸速率为0.819μmol.m-2.s-1;其CO2补偿点为70.4μmol.mol-1,CO2饱和点为883.2μmol.mol-1。双荚决明的净光合速率的日变化在4月份呈现出单峰曲线,最大值为4.6μmol.m-2.s-1,出现在12:00;8月份净光合速率的日变化呈现出双峰曲线,最大值分别出现在12:00时和14:00时,其最大值分别是4.2和4.6μmol.m-2.s-1。高温强光虽然对双荚决明的一定的影响但是整体变化幅度较小。双荚决明能适应8月23日平均气温为32℃,最高光强达2 130μmol.m-2.s-1的高温强光,也与净光合速率的日变化、光饱和点的测定数据相一致。根据测定的结果,建议双荚决明在园林中的主要应用形式为中篱、丛植、片植、高速公路或铁路边坡绿化和剪成球形观赏。     

温室条件下不同品种山茶的光合特性

 研究了温室内不同品种山茶(Camellia japonica L.) 的光合特性。结果表明不同品种山茶的光合特性相似: 光补偿点在6. 7～8. 4μmol·m^-2·s ^-1 之间; 光饱和光强300μmol·m^-2·s^-1左右; 最大光饱和光合速率4. 1～4. 8μmol·m^-2·s ^-1 ; 表观量子效率0. 055～0. 075 ; 羧化效率0. 03～0. 04 ; 光合作用的适宜温度在15～25 ℃。据此推测山茶不喜强光, 也不耐高温, 认为山茶正常生长所需要的光照强度应控制在300μmol·m^-2·s ^-1 左右, 温度应控制在15～25 ℃之间。     

番杏光合特性的研究

以番杏为试验材料,对其功能叶片的光合特性进行了研究.通过控光、控温、控二氧化碳进行光响应曲线、温度响应曲线和二氧化碳响应曲线的测定.结果表明:番杏的光饱和点在1800 μmol·m-2左右,光补偿点为67 μmol·m-2·s-1;光合作用的适宜温度范围为30～35℃,最适温度为35℃;二氧化碳的饱和点范围为1800～2000μmol/mol,二氧化碳的补偿点为61μmol/mol.     

制汁葡萄品种光合特性研究

在田间条件下,采用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统,对制汁葡萄品种卡托巴、康可和黄金玫瑰的主要光合指标进行测定,并调查其生物学特性。结果表明:制汁葡萄光补偿点在23.9~42.2μmol.m-2.s-1;光饱和点在1 575.0~1 642.9μmol.m-2.s-1;CO2补偿点在65.1~74.3μmol/mol;CO2饱和点在897.5~1 061.7μmol/mol;表观量子效率在0.036~0.044μmol/mol;羧化效率在0.067~0.095 mol.m-2.s-1。3个制汁葡萄品种中,黄金玫瑰对强光和弱光的利用能力均较强,RuBP最大再生速率显著高于康可和卡托巴,并且具有较强的耐旱力和较高的产量,表现出了较强的光合能力和适应性。     

蒲公英光合特性的研究

应用CIRAS-2型便携式光合作用测定系统研究了蒲公英叶片的净光合速率日变化及光合作用对光强和C02的响应.结果表明:蒲公英的净光合速率日变化呈双峰变化趋势,有"光合午休"现象,且光合最大值出现在上午11:00;气孔导度(Gs)和细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)是蒲公英光合作用日变化中最重要的影响因子.蒲公英的表观量子效率(AQy)为0.0267,光补偿点(LCP)和饱和光强(5L)分别为91.78 μmol·m-2·s-1和1438μmol·m-2·s-1,羧化效率(CE)为0.0522,CO2补偿点(CCP)和饱和CO2(SC)分别为38.23μmol·mol-1和1190/μmol·mol-1.     

紫甘蓝和普通甘蓝光合特性的比较

以'早红'、'红日'紫甘蓝为试材,分别用Unispec型光谱仪和Ciras-2型光合作用测定系统研究紫甘蓝色素含量及光合特性,并与普通甘蓝'中甘11'作比较.结果表明,两个紫甘蓝品种的色素含量和净光合速率(Pn)差异不大.与普通甘蓝相比,紫甘蓝叶绿素含量较高,且含有较大比例的花青素,Pn明显降低.紫甘蓝生长过程中结球初期Pn最高,后期Pn降低幅度明显小于普通甘蓝,结球中期叶绿素含量最高,花青素含量随着生育期进展而逐渐升高.紫甘蓝Pn日变化呈单峰曲线型,峰值出现在10:00-11:00,其光补偿点为68.5μmol·m-2·s-1,饱和点为1 077.5 μmol·m-2·s-1,CO2补偿点为70.4μmol·mol-1,饱和点为1 140 μmol·mol-1,均略高于普通甘蓝.20℃条件下,紫甘蓝的Pn最高,其低温补偿点和高温补偿点分别为-4.4℃和51.3℃,均低于普通甘蓝.     

东风菜光合特性的研究

以东风菜为试材,利用CIRAS-2便携式光合测定仪,对其光合特性进行研究。结果表明:东风菜的光补偿点、光饱和点分别为73.8、1115μmol·m^-2·s^-1,表观量子效率为0.0147;CO₂补偿点、饱和点分别为111.1、987.5μmol/mol,羧化效率为0.0316;光合作用的最适温度为28.3℃。     

杜仲四倍体与二倍体光合特性比较

采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对杜仲四倍体和二倍体植株进行光合速率日变化、季节变化、光响应曲线和CO2响应曲线测定。结果表明:杜仲四倍体和二倍体净光合速率的日变化呈双峰曲线,中午存在明显的光合"午休"现象。杜仲四倍体的全天最大净光合速率显著高于二倍体。四倍体与二倍体的光合速率季节变化呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在6月和8月。四倍体与二倍体的LCP在18.00～27.78μmol.m-2.s-1之间,LSP在1 216.67～1 240.00μmol.m-2.s-1之间。CCP在72.50～117.75μmol/mol,CSP在1 347.47～1 397.48μmol/mol之间。杜仲四倍体的光合性能优于二倍体。     

盐胁迫下白蜡和小胡杨光合生理日变化的响应研究

以小胡杨、白蜡盆栽苗木为试材,分析其在不同盐分浓度下的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等光合生理特征的日变化动态。结果表明:在轻度盐浓度下,白蜡的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度日变化均呈单峰型,而小胡杨则呈双峰型,白蜡和小胡杨的光合速率最大值均出现在8:00～10:00之间,白蜡的最大值为CO29.4364μmol.m-2.s-1,低于小胡杨的CO216.304μmol.m-2.s-1,但二者的水分效率相接近;在中度盐浓度下,白蜡光合速率日变化由单峰型变为双峰型,小胡杨则仍为双峰型,白蜡光合速率最大值仍出现在8:00～10:00之间,而小胡杨则出现在14:00～16:00之间,白蜡的最大光合速率为CO25.6575μmol.m-2.s-1,比轻度盐胁迫的下降了40%,小胡杨为CO24.352μmol.m-2.s-1,比轻度盐胁迫的下降了73.3%,二者水分利用效率也基本接近。     

大花君子兰水培技术研究

以大花君子兰为试材,采用随机排列的试验设计方法,研究了去根、不同基质、基质的不同湿度、不同温度、不同光照、不同生长调节剂、磁场、不同营养液对大花君子兰的催根影响。结果表明:去根对大花君子兰生根效果较好,去根越多,生根率越高,但叶片越黄;以珍珠岩作为基质较为理想,生根率达90.7%;在90%~100%高湿度下,大花君子兰的生根率达93.3%;在15~25℃生根率达90.0%;光照强度在10~13klx范围内生根率较高;君子兰驯化最佳水杨酸浓度为50~100μmol/L,乙烯利的最佳驯化浓度为0.008%;采用磁化处理技术,能使种苗的根系发达,可以使一级侧根率大大提高;君子兰在1/4剂量的标准营养液配方(C)中根最长平均达15.3cm。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.