长爪沙鼠舌下腺IgA的免疫组织化学研究

利用免疫组织化学等方法,测定不同年龄段实验长爪沙鼠舌下腺IgA的定位分布情况。结果表明,长爪沙鼠的舌下腺由导管部和分泌部构成,分泌部主要由粘液腺构成,其间散在分布有浆液腺细胞;导管部包括闰管、分泌管和小叶间导管等。粘液腺泡内含酸性粘多糖,浆液腺泡内主要以中性粘多糖为多,IgA阳性细胞主要分布于闰管、分泌管和小叶间导管,少量分布于腺泡和腺管间结缔组织,IgA阳性产物无明显规律性年龄变化,主要分布于胞质,胞核。     

东北虎主要消化腺的组织学研究

通过光镜对东北虎主要几种消化腺的H.E染色石蜡切片进行观察,结果表明,东北虎肝小叶间的结缔组织不发达,小叶的界限不清晰,肝细胞体积较大,核位于细胞一侧,肝细胞多呈索状排列,窦状隙不明显;胰腺外分泌部由腺泡和导管组成,腺泡形状不一,由单层锥状腺上皮细胞组成,胰岛是一些大小不等的细胞团和细胞索,分散于外分泌部之间,胞质染色较外分泌部浅;腮腺为纯浆液腺泡,胞质着色呈嗜酸性,颌下腺是以黏液性细胞为主,含少量的浆液性细胞半月。     

高原牧区藏绵羊与兰州大尾羊颌下腺组织学特征比较

通过比较高原牧区低氧环境下藏绵羊与大尾羊颌下腺组织学结构的异同及EGF、EGFR、eNOS的表达特点,为分析反刍动物颌下腺生理机能提供形态学参考。应用特殊染色方法、免疫组织化学SP法及免疫荧光法观察藏绵羊和大尾羊颌下腺组织结构特点及EGF、EGFR、eNOS的定位与分布特征。结果显示:藏绵羊颌下腺浆液性腺泡比例大于兰州大尾羊。AB、PAS、AB-PAS在黏液性腺泡及混合性腺泡阳性表达,浆液性腺泡无表达。免疫组织化学显示,EGF在藏绵羊颌下腺纹状管、闰管上皮细胞及浆液性腺泡表达量显著低于大尾羊,EGFR在藏绵羊颌下腺浆液性腺泡纹状管基底膜阳性表达高于大尾羊,eNOS在藏绵羊与大尾羊浆液性腺泡、纹状管内均呈阳性表达,三者在黏液性腺泡均无表达;统计学分析表明,藏绵羊颌下腺EGF与eNOS表达极显著低于大尾羊(P0.01),EGFR则显著高于大尾羊(P0.05)。高原牧区藏绵羊颌下腺以浆液性腺泡为主,EGF主要在纹状管分布,EGF与EGFR结合部位主要在纹状管基底膜处,在浆液性腺泡细胞增殖及分泌等方面发挥作用。兰州大尾羊颌下腺内eNOS表达较高且在浆液细胞及纹状管上皮细胞呈强阳性表达可能与高寒低氧环境中应激反应有关。     

实验性乳腺炎小鼠乳腺肥大细胞的变化

应用改良甲苯胺蓝染色法和苏木精-伊红染色法对金黄色葡萄球菌诱发实验性乳腺炎小鼠乳腺肥大细胞的数量、分布、活性进行了研究。正常对照组小鼠乳腺组织中肥大细胞主要分布于乳腺小叶之间的结缔组织中,有些围绕血管或乳腺导管分布,腺上皮之间没有肥大细胞分布;阳性试验组小鼠乳腺肥大细胞主要分布在相邻腺泡周围或腺导管上皮周围,胞质内充满异染颗粒,脱颗粒状态显著,甚至表现有颗粒耗竭现象,腺泡中有一定程度的肥大细胞浸润。肥大细胞计数结果显示,阳性试验组母鼠乳腺内的肥大细胞数急剧增多,显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),而脱颗粒肥大细胞数阳性试验组与正常对照组相比极显著增多(P<0.01)。结论:肥大细胞在小鼠乳腺炎的致病机制中发挥重要作用,参与了乳腺炎的发病过程。     

成年皖西白鹅母鹅消化腺的形态学观察

本试验研究了成年皖西白鹅母鹅消化腺的形态特征。实验应用20只皖西白鹅母鹅。鹅放血致死后,解剖观察消化腺的组成,取消化腺的各部分,制作组织切片。结果表明:成年皖西白鹅母鹅消化腺由唾液腺、肝脏和胰腺组成。肝脏的组织结构由肝小叶和门管区构成,肝小叶由中央静脉、肝细胞管和肝窦组成,门管区包括小叶间胆管、小叶间动脉和小叶间静脉,还有淋巴组织分布。胰腺包括外分泌部和内分泌部,外分泌部由腺泡和导管组成,内分泌部为一细胞团,即胰岛。     

雌激素受体在泌乳中期和静止期牦牛乳腺组织内的分布与表达

旨在揭示牦牛泌乳中期和静止期乳腺组织雌激素受体α(ERα)和雌激素受体β(ERβ)的分布及蛋白水平的表达。采集泌乳中期(分娩后3～4个月)和静止期(断乳后1个月)各5头健康牦牛的乳腺组织,应用SP免疫组织化学染色方法和Image pro plus 6.0图像分析软件检测ERα和ERβ在牦牛泌乳中期和静止期的分布情况,并采用Western blot技术对乳腺组织内的ERα和ERβ蛋白含量进行半定量测定。结果表明:泌乳中期牦牛乳腺组织内ERα大多分布于腺泡上皮细胞的细胞质、少部分分布于小叶间结缔组织内脂肪细胞的细胞核、偶见于血管内皮细胞的细胞核;静止期牦牛乳腺组织内ERα大量分布于结缔组织中脂肪细胞及血管内皮细胞的细胞核中,少数分布于腺泡上皮细胞的细胞质中;泌乳中期ERβ大多分布于乳腺腺泡上皮细胞的细胞质,偶见于血管内皮细胞及脂肪细胞的细胞核中,但着色较腺泡上皮细胞的细胞质浅。静止期ERβ广泛分布于乳腺导管上皮细胞的细胞质、小叶间结缔组织内间质细胞的细胞核及血管内皮细胞的细胞核中,腺泡上皮细胞的细胞质内也有表达,但较泌乳中期阳性细胞数少。牦牛乳腺组织内ERα蛋白的相对表达量静止期显著高于泌乳中期(P<0.05);静止期与泌乳中期乳腺组织内ERβ蛋白的相对表达量无显著差异(P>0.05)。雌激素受体不同亚型在不同发育期牦牛乳腺组织内的表达存在差异,提示,雌激素受体不同亚型在牦牛乳腺发育及泌乳生物学中可能执行不同的功能。     

圈养黑熊胰腺的形态学观察

为了探讨成年圈养黑熊胰腺的形态学特点,试验采用解剖学、组织学、免疫组织化学技术,对5头圈养黑熊的胰腺进行了形态学观察。结果表明:黑熊胰腺外观呈V字形,由左叶、胰体和右叶构成;在光镜下观察,黑熊胰腺由外分泌部和内分泌部(胰岛)构成,外分泌部由管泡状腺泡和排出导管(闰管、小叶内导管、叶间导管和胰管)构成,胰岛主要由位于胰岛中央的B细胞、外周的A细胞和散在于其中的少量D细胞构成,胰岛的平均直径达211.93μm。     

母猪瞎乳头的解剖组织学观察

以泰顺县本地猪种雅阳猪的头胎断乳母猪为试材，活体切取正常乳头和瞎乳头的乳房和乳头，经组织学预处理后进行解剖组织学观察。结果是：瞎乳头内没有输乳管，来自乳房的导管到乳头基部就中断，在输乳管的位置由一条皮肤表皮延伸进来的管状结构所取代。其乳房内，乳腺的腺小叶萎缩细小、稀疏分布、周围的结缔组织和脂肪组织较多，小叶内和小叶间的导管很少，没有泌乳的组织学基础。证明瞎乳头乃是一个无效的泌乳系统。此观察结果为形     

大鼠乳腺局部免疫的调节机制--泌乳期与静止期乳腺肥大细胞分布的比较

应用改良甲苯胺蓝染色法(MTB)观察了大鼠泌乳期和静止期乳腺肥大细胞的分布、形态、数量变化规律．并用阿尔新蓝一番红鉴别染色法(AB-S)进行了细胞化学分型研究。结果：AB-S染色显示，大鼠乳腺只存在黏膜型肥大细胞；无论是泌乳期还是静止期。乳腺肥大细胞大多分布于腺泡间和小叶问结缔组织中。细胞的形态各异，但细胞数量在静止期和泌乳期有显著差异。泌乳期的乳腺肥大细胞数量明显减少(P＜0．01)。乳腺肥大细胞的动态变化，可能与乳腺泌乳期腺泡上皮的生长和静止期腺泡问结缔组织细胞增生等结构变化有关。     

鸡腺胃炎

鸡的腺胃由许多小叶构成，每个小叶包含若干具有分泌功能的复管腺。腺体分泌的盐酸和胃蛋白酶原通过导管释放到腺胃腔，与食物混合后参与其消化。因此，鸡的腺胃相当于哺乳动物的真胃。许多疾病可以破坏腺胃分泌细胞和肌肉层，导致食物消化与传输障碍。　　一.诱发因素　　腺胃炎的诱发因素包括非传染性和传染性两类。非传染性因素常导致腺胃壁水肿、扩张，多见于饲喂低纤维日粮的鸡群。患脂肪肝鸡只腺细胞内出现脂肪沉积。饥饿、脱水等因素所致瘦弱鸡只，腺胃黏膜常出现弥散性出血或斑状出血。磺胺类药物中毒病例可见腺胃、肠道、肌肉等部…     

Histo-ontogenetic study of the parotid salivary gland of Indian buffalo

The present study was aimed at elucidating the histogenesis of parotid gland of buffalo. The study was carried out on buffalo foetuses (n = 36), during different stages of prenatal life. The foetuses were categorised into three groups based on their curved crown rump length (CVRL). The primordial anlage of parotid salivary gland was evident at 40th day of development whereas the primary ducts, in the form of cords, were first observed at 81st day of prenatal life. The capsule formation as well as the lobulation of the gland was initiated at 127th day. At 141st day, the duct system of gland was completed. The terminal tubules attained the structure of acini at 167th day. The myoepithelial cells first appeared as flattened basal cells initially around the developing acinar cells at 167th day. The typical compound tubulo-acinar nature of the gland was first observed at 185th day. Purely serous acinar cells were seen from 185th day onwards. The micrometrical studies revealed that the mean diameter of acinar cells, intercalated ducts, striated ducts and large ducts increased with the advancement of age. The serous acinar cells were devoid of acidic as well as neutral mucopolysaccharides in prenatal age groups; however, large ducts with goblet cells exhibited positive reaction. Combined PAS-AB method revealed mixed reaction in acinar cells as well as in large ducts. Fine lipid droplets were observed in intralobular as well as interlobular connective tissue; however, phospholipids were observed in the cell membrane of secretory cells and ducts.     

Zur pränatalen Entwicklung der Glandula mandibularis und Glandula parotis der Katze

The prenatal development of the cat's mandibular and parotid gland was examined by means of serial section of 36 cat embryos at 14–62 days of development. Both glands were excised from the epithelium of the primitive oral cavity and branched up to day 36 of the branching phase into a specific connective tissue. This tissue contained besides fine collagenous fibres, a high amount of proteoglycans. In the subsequent separation phase, ducts and acini differentiated themselves in primitive lobules which were separated by connective tissue. In the prenatal differentiation phase, from about day 50 up to birth, intercalated ducts and striated ducts were formed. In the acini, mucous and serous cells contained different amounts of complex carbohydrates. This secretory component changed shortly before birth.     

Ultrastructural study of sheep lacrimal glands.

Sheep lacrimal glands are mixed glands, consisting of tubulo-acinar units succeeded by ducts of simple morphology. The secretory portions consist of three cell types: mucous, seromucous and serous, which may be intermingled in the same acinus or may form acini wholly made of only serous or mucous cells. Mucous cells show a rough endoplasmic reticulum that is reduced to a few cisternae located near the cell base and among the interstices of the secretory droplets. Mucous granules appear uniformly electron-lucent. Serous cells display a typical structure; serous granules can be uniformly electron-dense or composed of dense inclusions dispersed in an electron-lucent matrix. The seromucous granules have a bizonal substructure: a dense core is embedded in a highter matrix. Secretory acini are succeeded by intercalated ducts; the epithelium of these ducts gradually increases in height to form a kind of excretory duct, without the intervention of striated ducts.     

Lectin Histochemistry of Glycoconjugates in Horse Salivary Glands

The glycoconjugate content of major horse salivary glands was investigated by means of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins. Qualitative differences were observed in the terminal sugar residues of secretory glycoproteins and glycoconjugates linked to the apical surface of excretory duct epithelial cells. Mucous acinar cells in mandibular and sublingual glands contained oligosaccharides with D-galactose, α- and β-N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine and fucose residues, whereas mandibular, sublingual and parotid serous cells contained only oligosaccharides with terminal α- and β-N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The apical portion of striated and interlobular duct lining cells of mandibular and sublingual glands stained for α- and β-N-acetylgalactosamine and for N-acetylglucosamine. In parotid gland the cytoplasm of intercalated duct cells and the apical surface of striated duct epithelial cells stained for α-N-acetylgalactosamine.     

Histology and histochemistry of the major salivary glands in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor)

This study aimed to investigate the major salivary glands in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) histologically and histochemically. Five adult males were included in this study. The results showed that anatomically the shape of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands of the Erinaceus concolor was respectively almost pear, elliptical to pyramidal and oval. Histologically, the parotid gland had serous acini and secretory cells showed negative reaction to alcian blue (AB) (pH = 2.5) and negative response to aldehyde fuchsin (AF), methylene blue (MB) and PAS stains. The submandibular gland was a mixed gland of mucous and serous acini. The mucous acini were strongly positive for PAS, AB, MB and AF. However, serous acini were week for PAS and negative against AB, MB and AF stains. The sublingual gland was purely composed of mucous acini. The mucous acini of the sublingual gland were strongly positives for PAS, AB and MB methods. While their reaction to the AF staining was negative. In conclusion, the histological and histochemical observations of the major salivary glands of the southern white-breasted hedgehog (E. concolor) indicated that these glands shown similarities and some special different histochemical features as compared to other mammalian species.     

Carbonic Anhydrase III in the Salivary Glands and Kidney of the Japanes Monkey (Macaca fuscata)

Carbonic anhydrase III (CA-III) was found in muscles of the Japanese monkey by the double immunodiffusion test and western blotting using antiserum raised against equine CA-III. Immunocytochemical localization of CA-III in the salivary glands and kidney of the monkey was studied using an avidin-biotinylated glucose oxidase complex. CA-III was found mainly in the striated duct and interlobular duct cells of the parotid glands. In the submandibular glands, striated duct, interlobular duct, and excretory duct cells were strongly stained for CA-III. In the kidney of the monkey, CA-III was localized mainly in the dark cells of the collecting duct at the medulla and in the epithelial cells of thick limb of Henle's loop.     

Expression of the sweet receptor protein, T1R3, in the human liver and pancreas

The expression of T1R3, a taste receptor essential for the perception of sweetness and umami-taste, was examined by immunohistochemistry to determine whether and where it may be localized in the liver and pancreas. In the liver, both immunopositive and immunonegative reactions were detected; bile ducts and intercalated portions of the bile ductules were immunopositive to T1R3, while arterioles and venules were immunonegative in interlobular connective tissue. In the hepatic lobule, all other cells including liver cells (hepatocytes) and bile capillaries were immunonegative. In the pancreas, all endocrine portions of the pancreas were immunonegative to T1R3. Within the exocrine portions, immunopositive reactions were detected in excretory duct cells, intercalated cells, and centroacinar cells. In contrast, acinar cells were immunonegative, as were vessels, lymph capillaries, nerve fibers, and connective tissue cells in the exocrine portions. The restricted localization of T1R3 in the duct cells of the liver and pancreas in the present study may indicate that T1R3 is involved in monitoring changes in the makeup of bile and pancreatic juices in the hepatic and pancreatic duct systems.     

The Presence of Granular Excretory Ducts in the Rabbit Zygomatic Gland

The proximal and interlobular ducts of rabbit zygomatic glands show a particular morphological feature consisting of numerous secretory granules localized in the apical cytoplasm of the cells. It is suggested that there is a similarity between these ducts and the granular ducts of submandibular glands in rodents.     

Glandular structures in the major interlobular and extrapancreatic ducts in the guinea pig

The morphology of the pancreatic duct system did not receive much attention as compared to the microanatomy of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. The histological peculiarities of the excretory duct system are of major importance especially in laboratory animals like guinea pigs. The paper describes the histological peculiarities of the major interlobular and extrapancreatic ducts in guinea pigs. The pancreatic tissue samples were collected from five guinea pigs. For histological investigation, several pancreatic fragments underwent fixation in 10% buffered formalin and were later processed by the standard paraffin technique. Subsequentially, tissue sections were stained by Goldner's trichrome staining. The mucous substances were assessed by Alcian blue and Periodic acid–Schiff staining methods. The interlobular and main pancreatic ducts in the guinea pig present a simple columnar epithelium surrounded by a thick layer of dense connective tissue. The aforementioned epithelium of the main pancreatic ducts includes principal cells, goblet cells and basal cells. Additionally, the ductal epithelium presents occasional unicellular multiloculated intraepithelial mucous glands and prominent extraepithelial glands. The latter adopts a simple or compound tubular feature. The mucus elaborated by the three glandular types is mostly neutral in goblet cells, predominantly acidic in extraepithelial ductal glands, and a similar amount of acidic and neutral mucin in intraepithelial glands. In conclusion, the epithelium-associated mucous glands in the interlobular and main pancreatic ducts in the guinea pig are restricted not only to goblet cells. A substantial mucous discharge probably with a protecting role against irritative pancreatic juice derives from the main ductal intraepithelial and extraepithelial glands.