利用BrdU在CEF（TK^＋）细胞中筛选TK^—重组鸡痘病毒

将新城疫病毒（NDV）四平株HN基因，插入不含报告基因，以TK为侧翼的鸡痘病毒表达载体pUTA-2中的复合启动子下游，获得重组表达质粒pUTA-2HN。将重组表达质粒转染鸡痘病毒（FPV）感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF），培养、收获病毒后，用含40mg/L5－溴－2－脱氧尿嘧啶（BrdU)的培养液，在CEF（TK^ )细胞中筛选培养2代，然后用不含BrdU的培养液进行病毒蚀斑纯,化成功筛选出表达NDV HN蛋白的TK^-重组鸡痘病毒。     

表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白的重组鸡痘病毒的构建和鉴定

将 RVG基因插入到鸡痘病毒表达载体 p UTA- 2 Sm a 位点获得重组转移载体 p U TA- RVG,利用脂质体转染已感染中国鸡痘病毒疫苗株 2 82 E4株 2～ 3h的鸡胚成纤维 (CEF)细胞 ,收获病毒后 ,用 Brd U法进行加压筛选重组病毒 ,PCR检测到重组病毒 RVG基因 ,Western blot检测出 RVG,从而证实已成功构建了表达 RVG的重组鸡痘病毒     

共表达新城疫病毒F基因、传染性法氏囊病病毒VP0基因的重组鸡痘病毒的抗原性和免疫原性

以鸡痘病毒(FPV)282E4株TK基因为侧翼,将2个相同的复合启动子ATI@p7.5×20以反向方式连接,分别调控新城疫病毒(NDV)F基因和传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP0基因,得到重组转移质粒pVP0-2ATI@p7.5×20F.然后将该重组转移质粒用脂质体转染预先感染FPV 282E4株的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),在经BrdU(5-溴-脱氧尿嘧啶)加压处理后的CEF上传代,用间接免疫荧光试验、Western blot检测,有2株鸡痘病毒能同时表达NDV F蛋白和IBDV VP0蛋白.用这2株重组鸡痘病毒刺种商品Leghorn雏鸡,于刺种前及刺种后1、2、3周对抗NDV特异性抗体水平和淋巴细胞转化能力检测,结果发现,重组鸡痘病毒能激发机体产生良好的免疫反应.结果表明,重组鸡痘病毒可以作为疫苗备选株进行研究与开发.     

表达NDV HN基因的重组鸡痘病毒的部分生物学特性研究

为了评价转基因对鸡痘病毒(FPV)生物学特性的影响,通过电镜观察表达新城疫病毒(NDV)血凝素-神经氨酸酶蛋白(HN)基因重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV-12LSHN)感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF).结果表明:在FPV中插入NDV HN基因后,不改变rFPV的形态、病毒成熟过程;rFPV-12LSHN与FPV在CEF上的产量无...     

鸡痘病毒通用高效表达载体的构建及其初步应用

利用分子克隆技术对本室构建的高效鸡痘病毒表达载体 p1 1 S进行改造 ,在其人工合成禽痘病毒 ( FPV)强启动子 Ps的下游引入含 7个单一酶切位点的多克隆位点 ( MCS) ,构建了便于外源基因插入的通用性更强的高效单表达载体 p N1 1 S。然后将 FPV早晚期启动子 PE/ L 及其启动的鹅源新城疫病毒 NDV ZJ1株的 F基因一并插入 p N1 1 S中 ,使PE/ L 与 Ps反向串联 ,从而构建出 1个含 NDV ZJ1株 F基因的重组 FPV高效双表达载体 p N1 1 SEF,其 MCS可以用于插入其他外源基因。在此基础上 ,将 NDV ZJ1株的 HN基因插入 p N1 1 SEF的 Ps启动子下游的 MCS中 ,构建了共表达 NDV ZJ1株 F和 HN基因的重组 FPV双表达载体 p N1 1 SEFHN。将 p H1 1 SEFHN质粒 DNA与 FPV2 82 E4株共转染 CEF,得到共表达 NDV ZJ1株和 HN基因的重组 FPV,间接免疫荧光实验初步证明外源基因得到了较好的表达。表明所构建的通用高效 FPV表达载体有利于高效基因工程活载体疫苗的研制 ,具有广阔的应用前景     

共表达Asia1口蹄疫病毒P1-2A-3C基因和猪IL-18基因重组鸡痘病毒构建及表达

为构建Asia1型口蹄疫重组鸡痘病毒疫苗,采集口蹄疫发病牛的水泡液及水泡皮,用RT-PCR法扩增出Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒的前体蛋白基因P1-2A片段和蛋白酶基因3C片段,分别克隆至pMD18-T载体上,通过酶切连接获得质粒pMD18-T-P1-2A-3C。再将P1-2A-3C片段与pUTAL-IL18片段连接起来,构建鸡痘病毒中间转移质粒pUTAL-P1-2A-3C-IL18。通过脂质体转染法,将pUTAL-P1-2A-3C-IL18与鸡痘病毒282E4株共感染染鸡胚成纤维细胞（chicken embryo fibroblasts,CEF）,通过BrdU三次加压筛选,筛选出重组鸡病毒株vUTAL-P1-2A-3C-IL18。经RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光法鉴定,证明所筛选的1株重组鸡痘病毒在CEF中能正确表达P1-2A-3C基因。本研究为研制安全、高效的亚洲Ⅰ型FMD重组鸡痘病毒疫苗奠定了基础。     

新城疫病毒cDNA探针在重组鸡痘病毒鉴定中的应用

将含新城疫病毒 (NDV)四平株 F基因的重组质粒 (p KSF)经 Eco R 及 Xba 双酶切 ,回收 340 bp的 c DNA片段 ,制备了地高辛标记的 c DNA探针。特异性检测表明 ,该探针对含 NDV F基因的 p KSF呈现特异性 ,而对照载体质粒及鸡痘病毒 (FPV 2 82 E4 )的核酸均呈阴性 ;敏感性检测表明 ,该探针对同源 DNA的检出限量为 4 0 pg。应用该探针对含 NDV F基因的重组鸡痘病毒 v FV2 82进行杂交检测 ,结果呈阳性。以上结果表明 ,该探针可成功用于含 NDV F基因的重组鸡痘病毒的鉴定     

表达NDV HN蛋白重组减毒鸡白痢沙门菌ΔcrpΔasdC79-13的构建及生物学特性

利用平衡致死系统构建表达鸡新城疫病毒(newcastle disease virus,NDV)血凝素-神经氨酸酶(HN)的减毒鸡白痢沙门菌活载体疫苗株。以p MD18-T-HN为模板,经PCR扩增出HN基因,定向插入原核表达载体p YA3493,构建重组质粒p YA-HN,再将其电转入减毒鸡白痢沙门菌ΔcrpΔasd C79-13中,获得重组减毒鸡白痢沙门菌ΔcrpΔasd C79-13(p YA-HN)。对重组菌的生化特性、生长特性、稳定性及安全性进行测定;并对重组菌表达的HN蛋白进行SDSPAGE和Western blot分析。结果显示,该重组菌保留了在DAP阴性环境中的生存能力;不能利用麦芽糖、蔗糖及乳糖等碳源,但保留了利用葡萄糖的能力;其生长速度明显低于强毒株C79-13,而与ΔcrpΔasd C79-13相比变化不明显;在体外连续传代能稳定遗传HN基因片段;经SDS-PAGE出现1条蛋白质量约为63 000的蛋白条带;Western blot证明重组菌表达的HN蛋白能与NDV阳性血清特异性结合;雏鸡口服接种试验表明ΔcrpΔasd C79-13(p YA-HN)的毒力较强毒株C79-13下降183倍。上述结果表明,成功构建了能稳定表达NDV HN蛋白的口服重组减毒鸡白痢沙门菌,为开发鸡白痢—新城疫的基因工程口服疫苗奠定了初步基础。     

禽流感病毒H5亚型主要保护性抗原在禽痘病毒中的高效表达

将H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素HA基因克隆入插入载体pllS中获得重组转移质粒p11SH5A,通过酶切鉴定获得了预期的转移质粒p11SHSA,将质粒p11SHSA和野生禽痘病毒(wtFPV)共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),通过蓝白斑筛选纯化得到重组病毒rFPV-11SH5A.以间接免疫荧光法证实,HA基因得到了表达.将该重组病毒rFPV-11SH5A以10(5)PFU/只免疫7日龄SPF鸡,于7、10、14、18、21d分别采血分离血清检测HI抗体,于免疫21d后用10(5)ELD50的野生病毒进行肌肉注射观察疫苗保护率.结果表明,该疫苗能提供100%的保护.     

甘肃省张掖地区苜蓿花叶病病原的检测

2011年7月在甘肃省张掖地区发现发生花叶病的苜蓿田块,地块中病株呈现黄斑花叶、叶柄扭曲及整株矮化的症状。为明确其病原,采集病株后利用血清学和分子生物学方法对病样进行了检测。 DAS-ELISA、RT-PCR-RFLP及病毒CP基因序列测定分析结果表明,苜蓿病样受到番茄花叶病毒(Tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)和苜蓿花叶病毒(Alfalfa mosaic virus,AMV)的复合侵染。这是国际上首次报道番茄花叶病毒对苜蓿的侵染,讨论了由这两种病毒引致病害的发生与防治。     

尼帕病毒病研究进展

尼帕病毒病是近几年才发现的一种严重危害畜牧业和人类健康的传染病,已引起重大的经济损失和人员死亡。本文结合最新研究材料,简要介绍了该病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、发病机理、病理变化以及诊断和防治,旨在防患未然。     

内蒙地区兔病毒性出血症病毒分离鉴定

从内蒙古武川县分离出2株兔出血症病毒，分别命名为RHD-NW1毒株和RHD-NW2毒株，对其进行了形态、理化及生物学特性研究。结果表明，2株病毒在兔体连续传4代均出现典型免病毒性出血症症状和病理变化，是毒力稳定的强毒株。病毒粒子在电镜下呈球形，直径30nm左右，无囊膜，有实心和空心2种病毒粒子。2株病毒对热(56℃6min)、酸（pH3)、乙醚和胰蛋白酶不敏感，对人的O、B型红细胞有高度凝集性。     

鸭源流感病毒人工感染鸡的病毒抗原定位动态

研究了由南京地区分离的鸭源流感病毒A/duck/Nanjing/21/95（H9N2？）感染商品来航鸡后，各组织脏器中病毒分离情况和病毒抗原分布。结果表明，禽流感病毒（AIV）可以从肾脏、肺脏、脾脏和心脏中分离出来，接种后3d(PI3），病毒在组织中的分离率最高，且又以肾脏的分离率最高。病毒抗原主要分布在肾小管上皮细胞、呼吸系统单核细胞和少量上皮细胞的胞核内，PI3时病毒抗原的检出率最高。这些结果表明，肾脏是该毒株复制的主要部位，肾脏的病变是病毒直接损伤的结果，而且该株AIV具备在呼吸系统内复制的潜力。     

Prevalences of feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in cats in Sydney

Objective To determine prevalences of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infections in ‘healthy’ cats that, through acute misadventure or other circumstance, were presented to veterinary practitioners. Prevalences of FeLV and FIV in this population were compared to those in a population of predominantly sick cats. Design and procedures Serum specimens were obtained over a 2-year period from 200 cats oldeer than 1 year of age presented to veterinary clinics for routine procedures, including cat fight injuries or abscesses, vehicular trauma, neutering, dental scaling, vaccination, grooming or boarding. An additional 894 sera were obtained over approximately the same period from specimens submitted by veterinarians to a private clinical pathology laboratory, mainly from sick cats suspected of having immune dysfunction, but including some sera from healthy cats being screened prior to FeLV vaccination. FIV antibody and FeLV antigen were detected in samples using commercial enzyme immunoassays. Results Amongst 200 ‘healthy’ cats, the prevalence of FeLV infection was 0 to 2%, and the prevalence of FIV was 6.5 to 7.5%, depending on the stringency of the criteria used to define positivity. FIV infection was significantly more prevalent in cats which resided in an inner city environment (P = 0.013). Of the 894 serum specimens submitted to the laboratory by practitioners, 11/761 (1.4%) were FeLV positive, while 148/711 (20.8%) were FIV positive. The prevalence of FIV was significantly higher in these predominantly ‘sick’ cats than in cats seen for routine veterinary procedures (P < 0.00001), while there was no difference in the prevalence of FeLV (P = 0.75) Conclusions The prevalence of FeLV and FIV in healthy cats may have been substantially overestimated in some previous Australian surveys. FeLV infection would appear to be a rare cause of disease in Australian cats. The higher prevalence of FIV positivity in sick as opposed to healthy cats infers that FIV infection contributes to the development of disease.     

鸡肿瘤病料中马立克氏病病毒和禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒共感染的研究

采用细胞培养、间接荧光抗体试验(IFA)、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和斑点杂交(Dotblot)的方法从我国不同地区发生肿瘤的病料中同时进行MDV和REV的分离和鉴定。在分离到的13株MDV野毒株中，有4株培养物既能在IFA中与REV的单抗反应，又可以用PCR扩增出REV的LTR；另有4株培养物能扩增出REV的LTR，但在IFA中却不与REV的单抗反应。结果表明我国MD肿瘤中存在着REV的共感染，且我国MDV某些野毒株的基因组中有可能已经整合进了REV的LTR序列。     

Recent progress in henipavirus research

Following the discovery of two new paramyxoviruses in the 1990s, much effort has been placed on rapidly finding the reservoir hosts, characterising the genomes, identifying the viral receptors and formulating potential vaccines and therapeutic options for these viruses, Hendra and Nipah viruses caused zoonotic disease on a scale not seen before with other paramyxoviruses. Nipah virus particularly caused high morbidity and mortality in humans and high morbidity in pig populations in the first outbreak in Malaysia. Both viruses continue to pose a threat with sporadic outbreaks continuing into the 21st century. Experimental and surveillance studies identified that pteropus bats are the reservoir hosts. Research continues in an attempt to understand events that precipitated spillover of these viruses. Discovered on the cusp of the molecular technology revolution, much progress has been made in understanding these new viruses. This review endeavours to capture the depth and breadth of these recent advances.     

埃博拉病毒分子生物学研究进展

埃博拉出血热是由埃博拉病毒所引起的高致死性传染病。40多年来,埃博拉出血热疫情多次在非洲西部国家大规模爆发,造成了大量人员死亡与重大财产损失。为更好地认识埃博拉出血热,就埃博拉出血热的病原学、分子生物学等最新研究进展进行综述。     

电镜技术检验犬四联弱毒苗种子毒及品的外源病毒

我们用电子显微镜（电镜）技术，检验犬四联弱毒疫苗种子毒及其成品疫苗中的外源毒。经对每批种子毒细胞培养物及间隔一定批次成品疫苗抽样检查，其中一批种子毒细胞培养物中发现了呼肠病毒污染，得到及时有效的处理。同时证明应用电镜技术检验外源病毒确是一种快速而有效的方法。     

Virus-induced congenital malformations in cattle

Diagnosing the cause of bovine congenital malformations (BCMs) is challenging for bovine veterinary practitioners and laboratory diagnosticians as many known as well as a large number of not-yet reported syndromes exist. Foetal infection with certain viruses, including bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), blue tongue virus (BTV), Akabane virus (AKAV), or Aino virus (AV), is associated with a range of congenital malformations. It is tempting for veterinary practitioners to diagnose such infections based only on the morphology of the defective offspring. However, diagnosing a virus as a cause of BCMs usually requires laboratory examination and even in such cases, interpretation of findings may be challenging due to lack of experience regarding genetic defects causing similar lesions, even in cases where virus or congenital antibodies are present. Intrauterine infection of the foetus during the susceptible periods of development, i.e. around gestation days 60–180, by BVDV, SBV, BTV, AKAV and AV may cause malformations in the central nervous system, especially in the brain. Brain lesions typically consist of hydranencephaly, porencephaly, hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia, which in case of SBV, AKAV and AV infections may be associated by malformation of the axial and appendicular skeleton, e.g. arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Doming of the calvarium is present in some, but not all, cases. None of these lesions are pathognomonic so diagnosing a viral cause based on gross lesions is uncertain. Several genetic defects share morphology with virus induced congenital malformations, so expert advice should be sought when BCMs are encountered.

Electronic supplementary material

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