考虑副车架柔性的整车平顺性仿真研究

针对副车架柔性变形对平顺性的影响,建立了某车的后副车架模型,利用HyperMesh对该后副车架进行典型工况下的强度和模态分析,将生成的.mnf柔性文件代入该车模型中以替换原有副车架,得到含柔性副车架的整车刚柔耦合模型。通过ADAMS对所建刚柔耦合整车模型进行随机沥青路面及脉冲路面仿真,并与含刚性副车架的整车模型进行对比分析。结果表明:相比具有刚性副车架的整车模型,在两种路面下,刚柔耦合整车模型的驾驶员座椅处加权加速度均方根值更小,整车的平顺性更优。     

基于Kriging模型的驾驶室悬置系统多目标优化

为提高某国产自卸车行驶平顺性,采用多体动力学软件Adams建立重型自卸车整车虚拟样机分析模型,并通过行驶平顺性道路试验验证模型的正确性。选取驾驶室悬置刚度和阻尼参数为设计变量,以驾驶室地板垂向和座椅支撑面俯仰加权加速度均方根为优化目标,以驾驶室前后悬置动挠度为约束条件,结合最优拉丁方试验设计拟合Kriging近似模型,利用粒子群优化算法对自卸车行驶平顺性进行多目标优化,得到Pareto最优解集,并选取一个最优解进行整车行驶平顺性实车试验。结果表明,Kriging近似模型具有较高的拟合精度,可大幅提高自卸车行驶平顺性优化效率;基于Kriging近似模型的多目标优化结果可通过权重系数对各个优化目标进行权衡,有效改善了自卸车行驶平顺性。     

车辆主动悬架LQG控制器的设计与仿真分析

通过建立 1 / 2车辆模型和路面输入模型 ,应用最优控制理论进行了车辆主动悬架的 L QG控制器的设计 ,并在 Matlab/ Sim ulink环境中建立系统模型并进行仿真模拟 ,将主、被动悬架的车身加速度、仰俯角加速度、悬架动挠度及车轮动位移 4项指标进行了对比分析。仿真结果表明 ,具有 L QG控制器的主动悬架对车辆行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性的改善有良好的效果     

面向平顺性的某轿车悬架参数匹配及优化研究

为了研究某款轿车的平顺性优化问题,运用ADAMS/Car软件建立了整车多体动力学模型,并对影响平顺性的悬架刚度与阻尼参数进行了匹配分析。使用ISight软件集成ADAMS/Car和MATLAB组件,构建了多软件协同的优化模型。以驾驶员座椅处总加权加速度的均方根作为优化指标,选择弹簧刚度系数和减振器阻尼系数作为设计变量,采用多岛遗传算法进行求解,得到这2个悬架参数的优化匹配方案。结果表明：总加权加速度的均方根值改善了8.65%,整车平顺性得到了改善。     

改善整车平顺性的悬架参数近似D优化方法

基于某一款汽车,在满足悬架相关性能合理的前提下,利用试验设计方法中的近似D-最优设计确定试验因素及其变化范围。结合"416-C"之设计X表绘制因素水平编码表,采用二次回归方程求出了最优的前后悬架刚度和阻尼。在MATLAB软件中构造ADAMS中可用的三维A等级路面,在相同条件下对优化前后整车进行仿真分析。结果表明:优化后的悬架性能满足要求,驾驶员座椅处的3个方向加速度(垂向、纵向、横向)以及加权加速度均方根值均有下降,整车平顺性得到进一步提高。     

基于ADAMS的脉冲路面车辆行驶平顺性仿真研究

基于多体系统动力学理论,建立了某轿车整车多刚体虚拟样机。根据国家标准,在ADAMS中建立了脉冲路面虚拟试验场并进行了整车平顺性仿真分析。研究结果表明,由于采用了伸张行程阻尼力远大于压缩行程阻尼力的大阻尼减振器,使该车悬架系统具有较好的减振效果,在脉冲路面上该车行驶平顺性良好,车身质心最大振动加速度值不会影响乘员的健康。     

非公路车辆驾驶员座椅悬架系统研究

作为非公路车辆主要减振环节之一的驾驶员座椅悬架系统,其振动特性不仅与整车的平顺性有着密切的关系,而且还对驾驶员的身体产生直接的影响,因而长期以来受到制造商和研究人员的关注.为此,主要论述了非公路车辆驾驶员座椅悬架系统研究的必要性及其发展历程,揭示了目前座椅悬架系统研究所面临的一些问题,并讨论了驾驶员座椅悬架系统的发展方向.     

基于联合仿真的半主动悬架车辆行驶平顺性研究

为研究半主动悬架车辆行驶平顺性,利用SIMPACK软件建立了整车多体动力学模型,并在半主动悬架七自由度整车行驶动力学模型的基础上,应用Matlab/Simulink软件设计神经网络模型参考自适应控制算法,建立了一个半主动悬架控制策略研究的集成环境,利用该集成环境对磁流变阻尼器的半主动悬架车辆行驶平顺性进行联合仿真.仿真结果表明,与被动悬架相比,当汽车以60 km/h和120 km/h在C级路面上行驶时,车身垂向、俯仰、侧倾加速度均方根值分别下降了32.33%、28.09%、35.93%和41.56%、18.52%、22.97%.基于神经网络模型参考自适应控制的磁流变半主动悬架可以有效衰减车身的振动,改善车辆的行驶平顺性.     

车辆主动悬架的LMS自适应模糊控制

以车辆操纵稳定性及行驶平顺性为控制目标，确定车辆系统的簧上质量加速度、车轮动载荷、悬架动挠度为具体评价参数。根据路面一车辆系统的非线性特点，提出一种LMS自适应模糊控制算法，其模糊控制规则表可以用解析的方法进行计算。针对简化的车辆模型，在以路面信号作为激励源的仿真研究中，该算法对非线性较强的车辆悬架系统的振动控制具有较好的适应性。     

汽车悬架主参数匹配仿真分析

以二自由度汽车模型为研究对象,探究不同的悬架参数对其减振性能的影响。借助MATLAB/Simulink搭建随机不平路面、确定性路面及二自由度车辆振动模型,进行汽车平顺性仿真,得到车身加速度、悬架动挠度及轮胎动载荷随不同悬架刚度、阻尼系数的变化规律,分析了不同悬架主参数对悬架平顺性能的影响。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.