化学络合法由倍花制取工业单宁酸试验研究

以倍花为原料，利用化学络合法制取工业单宁酸，研制出的倍花单宁酸主要技术指标达到了ＧＢ５３０８－８５工业单宁酸国家标准。     

倍花制取工业单宁酸试验研究

本文介绍了以倍花为原料,采用溶剂萃取法制取工业单宁酸。研制出的工业单宁酸产品,达到了GB5308—85工业单宁酸国家标准的技术指标。     

溶剂萃取法制备药用单宁酸的研究

由工业单宁酸经乙酸乙酯溶剂萃取（５０－５５℃，１－２ｈ），制得药用单宁酸，其得率约为８５％，单宁酸含量超过９４％，乙酸乙酯的回收率超过９０％。经乙酸乙酯萃取的剩余水液可用于碱水解制备没食子酸。产物总得率（包括药用单宁酸和没食子酸）约为９１％。     

具有表面活性的酯化单宁酸的合成及其性质研究

单宁酸（TA）属水解类单宁，是具有重要开发利用价值的天然产物。本研究以单宁酸为原料，通过与饱和直链脂肪酰氯（C10，C14和C18脂肪酰氯）反应合成了酯化单宁酸（C10TA，C14TA和C18TA）。用红外、紫外光谱鉴定了产物的结构，测定了产物的表面张力、润湿力和乳化力及对微生物生长的抑制率。实验结果表明，当单宁酸与脂肪酰氯的摩尔比为1：15时，获得的酯化单宁酸具有明显的表面活性，对革兰氏阴性细菌的抑制活性提高。该研究工作为单宁酸的精细化利用探索了一条新的途径。     

最近国外单宁酸、没食子酸应用研究动态

最近国外单宁酸、没食子酸应用研究动态近来，世界许多国家对单宁酸、没食子酸的应用做了大量研究工作，现扼要概述如下。１．食品抗氧化剂（１）用食品级单宁酸代替ＳＯ２作葡萄酒抗氧化剂，并用气相色谱分析其中的香味组分，证明单宁酸是很好的葡萄酒防腐剂。（２）用没...     

国家林业局林化产品质量检验检测中心(南京)

正法定检验机构第三方公正评价该中心是国家林业局授权的法定检测机构,具有第三方公正地位,挂靠中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所。是国内唯一一家通过国家计量认证的林化产品专业检测机构。可对下列产品进行质量监督和产品质量检验:脂松香及再加工产品单宁酸原料、工业单宁酸、工业没食子酸、     

巴中县五倍子资源现状及发展探讨

巴中县五倍子资源现状及发展探讨宋克顺（巴中县林业局）五倍子富含可溶性生物单宁，提炼出的单宁酸及再加工产品倍酸和焦倍酸，是医药、化工等多种工业的重要原料。随着近代工业的发展，五倍子用途扩大到航天、电子、化工、医药、军事等多个领域。巴中县属四川省五倍子产...     

倍花制取高纯单宁酸的试验研究

以倍花为原料,利用单宁酸多基配位体容易与中心离子络合形成环状结构螯合物沉淀特性,通过络合还原和溶剂萃取相结合的方法制取高纯食用单宁酸。研制出的倍花高纯单宁酸主要技术指标达到食用单宁酸LY/T1641-2005一等品以上标准要求。     

酚羟基保护法合成硬脂酰单宁酸酯及其抗氧化性能评价

为解决单宁酸(TA)亲水性强亲油性弱的问题,以单宁酸为原料,利用苄基溴将单宁酸的部分酚羟基保护后得到单宁酸苄基醚(TBE),再以硬脂酸酐为酰基化试剂,吡啶为催化剂,N_2保护下反应,引入长链脂肪烃;最后在弱酸条件下将苄基水解脱去,制得硬脂酰单宁酸酯(C_(18)-TA)。采用均匀实验优化合成条件,傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、核磁共振(~1H NMR)表征了C_(18)-TA的结构,并通过C_(18)-TA清除·DPPH的能力和抗油脂氧化能力评价其抗氧化性能。结果表明:优化最佳合成条件为单宁酸1 g,硬脂酸0.6 g,吡啶1.5 mL,反应温度80℃,回流时间265 min,得到的C_(18)-TA产率可达87.98%。使用酚羟基保护法制得的C_(18)-TA不仅改善了单宁酸的表面活性,而且保留了单宁酸中多数的酚羟基,抗氧化能力明显高于单宁酸和丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA),质量浓度为0.05~0.25 g/L,对·DPPH的清除率为91.96%~97.39%;对亚麻籽油的抗氧化值(POV)升高缓慢,0~30 d为3.82~17.72 mmol/kg。     

单宁酸钠的生产

单宁酸钠(NaT)是我厂根据油田对于配制泥浆的要求,将液体栲胶苛化,栲胶与烧碱接3:1或2:1的比例,配制成液体单宁酸钠,在离心喷雾干燥条件下,制成粉状单宁酸钠。我们在1968年正式试制成功。单宁酸钠用作泥浆处理剂,控制泥浆的粘度和失水。在粘井工作中用于保护井壁或处理盐浸。现将我们生产单宁酸钠的工艺条件介绍如下。     

广西几种主要单宁植物及其利用现状

从用作栲胶(或单宁酸)生产原料方面,介绍了广西的毛杨梅(Myrica esculeata)、余甘子(Phyllan-thus emblica)、栎类、盐肤木(Rhus chinensis)等野生植物,以及人工栽培的黑荆树(Acacia mearnsii)、马占相思(Acacia mangium)、木麻黄(Casuarina equisetfolia)3种单宁植物及其利用现状。     

黄连木叶单宁化学组成及其利用研究

人黄连木叶获得的提取物，经葡聚糖凝ｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ－２０分离得到的各种含单宁级分，用硫酸水解，水解液经纸层析检测，表明含有没食子酸和Ｄ－葡萄糖，证实黄连木叶宁是Ｂａｎｇ单宁，用ＵＶ光谱测得黄连木叶提取物含有游离和结合的没食子酸，一为２９．２０％。这种单宁经纯化后，用它代替工业单宁酸制备三甲氧苄氨嘧啶（简称ＴＭＰ）抗菌增效的中间体（三甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯和三甲基苯酰肼），初步获得成功。     

采后处理方式对五倍子品质的影响

对比了蒸汽烫漂(SB)和沸水浸烫(BWB)2种预处理方式对新鲜五倍子的影响,以及经过预处理后分别采用烘箱干燥(OD)、流化床干燥(FBD)、自然干燥(ND)和紫外光辐照(UVI)4种干燥方式所得五倍子产品的品质。对干燥速率及产品指标的分析结果表明:预处理后五倍子含水率和单宁酸含量均有所降低,尤其是蒸汽烫漂后,含水率降为47.68%,与未处理五倍子含水率(55.77%)呈显著性差异;加热处理会使五倍子干燥产品中单宁酸的含量降低而没食子酸的含量增加,自然干燥的五倍子单宁酸质量分数在50.12%~56.84%之间,没食子酸质量分数在0.29%~0.46%之间,而烘箱干燥后五倍子中单宁酸质量分数仅为32.48%~42.43%,没食子酸质量分数高达2.97%~4.39%;不同采后处理方式对产品品质有不同的影响,沸水浸烫或蒸汽烫漂与紫外光辐照相结合可提高五倍子的干燥速率,且对产品单宁酸含量影响较小;烘箱和流化床干燥可将干燥时间降为5 h以内,但所得五倍子产品中单宁酸质量分数显著降低,均在32%~43%之间;沸水浸烫或蒸汽烫漂后自然干燥能保证单宁酸的结构最接近原始状态,但干燥时间高达200 h以上;所以可根据实际的操作条件和后续的应用选择五倍子的采后处理方式。工业化五倍子的采后处理因更注重干燥效率,以蒸汽烫漂预处理辅之以流化床干燥方式为佳。     

Polyelectrolyte titration of whisky

Polyelectrolyte titration using a fluorescent indicator was applied to determine the electrolytic charges in 10 whiskies at various pH levels. Tannic acid was also titrated to compare the relation between pH and charge because the polyelectrolytes in whisky were postulated to be polyphenols, mainly tannic acid, which are gradually extracted from a wood cask over the years. Below pH 7, the pH-charge curves for whisky were analogous to those for tannic acid, indicating that carboxyl groups in tannic acid were fairly stable on maturation of the whisky. The charge of the tannic acid increased with increasing pH, whereas that of whisky had a tendency to level off. The degree of leveling off was higher for whiskies with longer maturation. These phenomena are believed to be due to the oxidation of pyrogallol and catechol moieties in tannic acid, which occurs during storage of the whisky. There was a clear tendency for the whiskies with higher prices to have higher charges, that is, a higher tannic acid content.     

Chemical constituents of Lychnophora pohlii and trypanocidal activity of crude plant extracts and of isolated compounds

Crude extracts of Lychnophora pohlii were tested in vitro against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, and the dichloromethane and methanol crude extracts from leaves plus inflorescences were found to have trypanocidal activity. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extracts yielded seven active compounds: the sesquiterpene lactones lychnopholide, centratherin, goyazensolide and 15-desoxygoyazensolide in the dichloromethane extract, and caffeic acid and the flavonoids luteolin and vicenin-2 in the methanol extract. One active caffeoyl quinic acid derivative was isolated from the inactive hydroalcoholic extract of leaves plus inflorescences. Chemically, the plant has sesquiterpene lactone type furanoheliangolides, flavonoids, caffeic acid, a caffeoyl quinic acid derivative, which are characteristic of the Vernonieae.     

Antioxidant activity of extracts from the wood and bark of Port Orford cedar

Heartwood, sapwood, and inner and outer bark of Port Orford cedar were extracted with methanol, and the extracts evaluated for antioxidant activity. The total phenol content (TPC) of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Butylated hydroxytoluene was used as a positive control in the free-radical-scavenging activity tests and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate disodium salt served as a positive control in the metal-chelating activity assay. All wood extracts showed significant freeradical-scavenging activity. In the radical-scavenging assay of 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (the ABTS assay), the inner bark extracts exhibited the strongest free-radical-scavenging activity. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) in the radical-scavenging assay against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical (DPPH) of the heartwood, sapwood, and inner and outer bark extracts were 64.77, 29.03, 10.31, 19.87 μg·ml⁻¹, respectively. In the metal-chelating activity system, the sapwood extract demonstrated significant activity. The greatest TPC, 537.5 mg GAE/g dry extract, was detected in the inner bark. The lowest TPC of 136.9 mg GAE/g dry extract was observed in the heartwood dry extract. The results indicate that the antioxidant activities of the extracts are in accordance with the amounts of phenolics present; the inner and outer barks of Port Orford cedar are rich in phenolics and may provide good sources of antioxidants.     

Antiproliferative effects of Ceratonia siliqua L. on mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line

Extracts from pods and leaves of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) were tested for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (T1). The two extracts showed a marked alteration of T1 cell proliferation in a dose-related fashion reaching the maximal effect at 1 mg/ml. Moreover, we demonstrated that leaf and pod extracts were able to induce apoptosis in T1 cell lines after 24-h treatment mediating a direct activation of the caspase 3 pathway. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-) epicatechin-3-gallate in pod and leaf extracts, compounds well known to exert antiproliferative effects. Their concentration reached 6.28 mg/g in carob leaves and 1.36 mg/g in carob pods extract. The discovery that carob pod and leaf extracts contained antiproliferative agents could be of practical importance in the development of functional foods and/or chemopreventive drugs.     

萃取物化学成分分析

利用超临界CO2萃取紫丁香干花,提取物在分离釜Ⅰ(8 MPa,45℃)中进行第一级分离,再在分离釜Ⅱ(5 MPa、35℃)中进行第二级分离。通过GC-MS分析了两个分离釜中萃取物的化学成分并进行比较。从分离釜Ⅰ中所得萃取物中鉴定出21种成分,以长链烷烃为主(占57.14%),主要成分为二十九烷和2,6,10,14-四甲基十六烷;从分离釜Ⅱ所得萃取物中鉴定出40种成分,以含氧化合物为主,醇、酮、醛、酸、酯占67.5%,主要成分为十六烷酸和(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸。二级分离可使紫丁香干花超临界CO2萃取物得到一定程度分离,温度和压力是制约分离结果的关键因素。