当前鸭传染病的流行特点及防控建议

根据不完全统计,宁波市的鸭一年饲养量将近2000万羽,存栏约750万羽,出栏约1200万羽。根据我门诊部就诊病例统计,2010年共接待鸭门诊病例5916例,发病鸭的数量约490万羽,发病率约25%。发生疾病的种类主要有各种细菌性疾病和病毒性疾病（图2、图3）,     

特别策划：把脉水禽疾病流行形势 关注防控前沿科技——当前鸭传染病的流行特点及防控建议

根据不完全统计，宁波市的鸭年饲养量将近2000万羽，存栏约750万羽，出栏约1200万羽。根据我门诊部就诊病例统计，2010年共接待鸭门诊病例5916例，发病鸭的数量约490万垌，发病率约25％。发生疾病的种类主要有各种细菌性疾病和病毒性疾病（图2、图3），寄生虫病和营养代谢性疾病等也有零星发生（图1），     

特别策划：把脉水禽疾病流行形势 关注防控前沿科技——当前鸭传染病的流行特点及防控建议

根据不完全统计，宁波市的鸭年饲养量将近2000万羽，存栏约750万羽，出栏约1200万羽。根据我门诊部就诊病例统计，2010年共接待鸭门诊病例5916例，发病鸭的数量约490万垌，发病率约25％。发生疾病的种类主要有各种细菌性疾病和病毒性疾病（图2、图3），寄生虫病和营养代谢性疾病等也有零星发生（图1），     

特别策划：把脉水禽疾病流行形势 关注防控前沿科技——当前鸭传染病的流行特点及防控建议

根据不完全统计，宁波市的鸭年饲养量将近2000万羽，存栏约750万羽，出栏约1200万羽。根据我门诊部就诊病例统计，2010年共接待鸭门诊病例5916例，发病鸭的数量约490万垌，发病率约25％。发生疾病的种类主要有各种细菌性疾病和病毒性疾病（图2、图3），寄生虫病和营养代谢性疾病等也有零星发生（图1），     

当前鸡病发生情况及流行规律初步分析

根据近21个月(2010年全年和2011年1～9月份)本诊疗中心禽病就诊病例的统计,2010年鸡门诊病例2 775例,发病鸡约110万只,据不完全统计,宁波市鸡的年饲养量约1950万只,则2010年鸡只发病率约5％;2011年1～9月份,共接诊病例2 655例,发病鸡约200万只,发病率约10％.虽严防,但各种类型的鸡病仍不断发生,严重危害本地养鸡业的健康发展.为更有效预防和控制鸡病的发生,笔者把最近21个月以来宁波及周边地区鸡病的发病和流行规律进行了统计分析,并提出相关鸡病预防的重点和难点.     

近期宁波地区鸡病发生及流行规律分析

正根据最近21个月余姚市禽畜病防治研究所诊疗中心就诊禽病病例进行统计,接待门诊病例5430例,发病鸡约310万羽,发病率约10%左右。据调查,宁波市常年鸡的饲养量约1950万羽,鸡病的发病率约为5%左右。近年来,鸡病虽严防,但各种类型的鸡病仍不断发生,严重危害着养鸡业的健康发     

当前鹅病的发生及其流行规律初步分析

根据不完全统计,宁波地区种鹅、肉鹅一年饲养量约330万羽,存栏约95万羽。根据我门诊部就诊病例统计,接待鹅门诊病例987例,发病鹅约60万羽。鹅病发病率比例较高,且疾病种类繁多,笔者对宁波地区鹅病的发生和流行情况进行统计,并对其流行规律进行初步分析,为今后更有效的防治鹅病提供参考数据。     

当前鹅病的发生及其流行规律初步分析

根据不完全统计,宁波地区种鹅、肉鹅一年饲养量约330万羽,存栏约95万羽。根据我门诊部就诊病例统计,接待鹅门诊病例987例,发病鹅约60万羽。鹅病发病率比例较高,且疾病种类繁多,笔者对宁波地区鹅病的发生和流行情况进行统计,并对其流行规律进行初步分析,为今后更有效的防治鹅病提供参考数据。     

鸭坦布苏病毒病的诊治

2010年4月以来,我国主要蛋鸭养殖区福建、山东、浙江、上海、江苏等地陆续暴发一种以蛋鸭、种鸭产蛋骤然大幅下降为主要临床特征、以出血性卵巢炎为主要病变特征的急性传染病,造成约12亿只蛋鸭和1500万只肉鸭发病,经济损失达数十亿元。根据主要病变和临床特点,曹贞贞等将该病命名为鸭出血性卵巢炎(Duckhemorrhagicovaritis,DHO)。     

大足区万古镇鸭源大肠杆菌分离鉴定与药敏试验

大足区万古镇是养鸭大镇,是万古镇的支柱产业之一.据万古镇畜牧兽医站统计,万古镇鸭年出栏量约为9万只.而鸭大肠杆菌病患病率最为普遍,其中雏鸭和种鸭发病较多,尤其在肉用商品鸭中发病率和死亡率较高,直接影响养鸭业的经济效益,给养鸭户带来较大经济损失.目前采取的防治措施有疫苗和抗生素.笔者通过对2014年和2015万古镇赵学六等养鸭场鸭源大肠杆菌流行菌株的分离,对其进行鉴定和药敏试验,为万古镇鸭大肠杆菌病的临床治疗筛选出有效药物.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.