警惕外来危险性害虫红棕象甲入侵为害

红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Fab是为害棕榈科植物的危险性外来害虫。为警惕该虫的传入,本文对红棕象甲的分类地位、形态特征、分布、寄主、危害、生物学特性等作了简要介绍,并提出了预防建议。     

北京发现洋白蜡新害虫——多孔横沟象 Pimelocerus perforatus (Roelofs)

2017年在北京洋白蜡上发现多孔横沟象Pimelocerus perforatus为害树干,这种象甲在中国分布较广,国内一直用名大粒横沟象Dyscerus cribripennis。本文记述了多孔横沟象的形态特征、寄主、对洋白蜡的为害,讨论了大粒横沟象的学名问题,并提供多孔横沟象的成虫和幼虫期形态(包括雄性外生殖器)、为害状等彩图。     

长阳县核桃果象甲的发生特点及防治

核桃果象甲属鞘翅目象甲科 ,又名核桃长足象甲、核桃甲象虫 ,农民还形象地称之为核桃象鼻虫。近几年来随着核桃栽培面积的不断扩大 ,在一部分产区由于果农放松管理造成核桃果象甲蔓延、暴发 ,导致核桃年年减产 ,1 997、 1 998两年因核桃果象甲危害 ,在长阳县西部的榔坪、乐园、贺家坪等乡镇核桃减产都在 50 %左右 ,局部地方出现绝收。从1 997年开始 ,我们对其生活习性进行系统观察 ,对其防治方法进行了研究 ,现将结果报告如下。1　为害特点核桃果象甲只为害核桃 ,寄主专一 ,以幼虫的为害最严重 ,对产量的影响最大 ,轻者落果 2 0 %左右 ,严重…     

核桃长足象甲在长阳县暴发为害

核桃长足象甲 (ＡｌｃｉｄｏｄｅｓｊｕｇｌａｎｓＣｈａｏ)又名核桃果象甲、核桃甲象虫。 1 997、1 998年在湖北省长阳县西部的榔坪、乐园、贺家坪等乡镇核桃产区暴发为害 ,减产约 50 %,局部地方绝收。核桃长足象甲只为害核桃 ,寄主专一。成虫、幼虫均能为害 ,以幼虫为害最严重。幼虫只为害果实 ,取食果仁 ,造成早期落果 ,轻者落果 2 0 %左右 ,严重时全部落果。幼虫为害的果实 ,始终不变形。成虫啃食嫩叶、嫩稍及幼果果皮 ,不造成大的为害。核桃长足象甲在长阳县 1ａ发生 1代 ,以成虫在背风温暖的杂草间或表土内越冬。室外观察成虫 4月中下…     

稻水象甲入侵广西稻区的风险分析

结合稻水象甲的分布、寄主、传播特点及广西稻区的气候等实际情况,对该虫入侵广西的潜在风险进行了分析。结果表明,稻水象甲传入广西稻区并定殖扩散的可能性极大,风险较高。并由此提出管理对策。     

生物多样性防控稻水象甲试验

<正>为进一步做好福泉市稻水象甲的防控工作,严防疫情扩散,根据稻水象甲寄主单一的特点,2014年4—9月在2011—2013年疫区发生田块,对稻水象甲进行生物多样性防控试验示范。结果表明,生物多样性田块,没有稻水象甲发生及为害,水稻产量得到了保证,投入产出比1∶1.78。生物多样性防控稻水象甲技术经济实用,可在疫区推广实行。1材料与方法1.1试验地基本情况试验在马场坪办事处黄丝村老罗庙组的水改旱田间进     

剑河县梨象甲的生活习性及防治对策

梨象甲 (Rhynchites foveipennis Fairmaire),属鞘翅目,象甲科,又名朝鲜梨象甲、梨虎.主要为害梨,有时也为害苹果.成虫、幼虫均可为害.成虫为害梨芽、花蕾、幼果及果柄,被害果表面有不规则的长短不一的斑块.由于果品被咬伤,造成大量的落果.近年来,剑河县梨树面积扩展很快,但由于管理粗放,不重视虫害的防治,梨象甲发生严重.据 2000年的调查,剑河县柳川镇清江、八一两村的落果率 50%以上.根据近 2 a来的系统观察,现将结果总结如下:     

油菜茎象甲识别方法及防治技术

近年来,随着油菜种植面积逐年增加,茎象甲的为害不断加重,造成产量降低,给种植户带来了一定的经济损失.本文描述了油菜茎象甲的形态特征,总结了该虫的生活习性、活动规律和为害油菜的特点,介绍了毒土防治、药剂防治和农业、人工防治等主要防治方法,旨在为田间油菜茎象甲的识别和防治提供参考.     

孝感地区板栗象甲的发生及防治研究

孝感地区板栗主要害虫剪枝象甲、栗实象甲、板栗雪片象甲对板栗生产构成严重威胁,影响板栗的产量与质量;３种象甲的成虫出土期各不相同,分布与为害程度也有异,根据各地虫情,在板栗象甲成虫出土期前１０ｄ,在树盘、园地进行土壤药剂处理,同年在堆果堆,库仓进行土壤、地面药剂处理、用全生境土壤,地面药剂处理法来防治板栗象甲,能有效地控制其为害。     

稻象甲和稻水象甲

稻象甲(Fchironmus squameusBillberg)和稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus o-ryzophilus Keschel)是全世界为害水稻的两种重要害虫。稻水象甲为我国进口植物检疫对象,国内目前尚未见有分布报道。本文结合国外资料,对两虫的生物学及防治措施进行了比较研究。稻象甲主要分布我国、     

云南文山葡萄害虫—黑足厚缘肖叶甲的发生情况及防控建议*

2009年作者首次发现黑足厚缘肖叶甲［Aoria nigripes（Baly）］在云南省文山州大面积发生,严重为害葡萄。本文报道了该虫目前的发生现状及其成虫、卵、幼虫、蛹的形态特征,寄主范围,在国内外的地理分布,生活史,生物学特性等,并提出了防控建议。     

Studies on the apple fruit moth,Argyresthia conjugella Zeller (Yponomeutidae: Lepidoptera): Identification,distribution and extent of damage in India

Abstract

A fruit‐damaging insect on apple in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh has been identified as the apple fruit moth/miner, Argyresthia conjugella Zeller, a common pest of apple in Asian, European and American countries. It seems to be native to India, where its primary host, the sorb tree, Sorbus aucuparis Linn. is present. Studies on the distribution and extent of damage during 1983 and 1984 revealed that the pest was distributed in the Kinnaur district at altitude between 2445 to 2900 m and in yearly isotherms of 0 to 10° C. The damage varied from zero to above 50%. Its spread to other apple growing areas of the state is unlikely due to unsuitable agroclimatic conditions.     

从南非鲜橙上截获重要害虫坚果异胫小卷蛾

坚果异胫小卷蛾是南非果树上重要经济害虫。珠海检验检疫局曾在南非鲜橙中截获过该虫。本文对坚果异胫小卷蛾的分布、寄主及成虫形态特征进行了描述,并分析了该虫的DNA条形码检测方法。通过GenBank数据库比对分析,邻接法构建的系统发育树及BOLD数据库查询比对,可最终确定所截获害虫为坚果异胫小卷蛾。     

危害桑树的新害虫--暗翅足距小蠹

本文综述了暗翅足距小蠹(Xylosandrus crassiusculus(Motschulsky))的研究概况,并首次记述了其可危害桑(Morus alba L.),明确了该虫为小蠹亚科(Scolytinae)江西省新纪录种。文中重点介绍了该虫的分类地位,形态特征,地理分布,寄主植物,危害特点和生物学习性,并在文章讨论部分提出了相应的防治策略。     

警惕检疫性害虫大洋臀纹粉蚧在中国大陆扩散

大洋臀纹粉蚧(Planococcus minor)是一种近年来入侵我国大陆的检疫性害虫,原仅记载于我国台湾,2008年以来在广西、广东、海南、云南等地被陆续发现。该虫食性杂,为害超过250种水果、经济作物、花卉和园林植物。本文介绍了大洋臀纹粉蚧的基本信息、为害特点、生物学特性、地理分布、寄主范围、国内扩散趋势、口岸截获、风险评估以及防控措施,以期为防止该虫在中国大陆的再次传入及扩散蔓延提供科学依据。     

警惕棕榈粗腿豆象入侵

棕榈粗腿豆象(Caryobruchus gleditsiae(L.))是一种严重为害棕榈科植物种子的钻蛀性害虫,原产美洲地区,我国尚无分布记录。该虫寄主广,适应性强,且具有较强的隐蔽性,存在较大的传入风险。本文对该虫的分类地位、寄主、分布、为害特点、生物学特性、形态特征、传播途径等进行了详细介绍,并编制了该属6个种的分类检索表,以期为口岸检疫鉴定提供参考。     

IPM program development for an invasive pest: coordination, outreach and evaluation

BACKGROUND: Spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, was found along the west coast of the United States, beginning in 2008 and 2009, infesting a wide variety of small and stone fruit crops. This pest is a serious economic threat, as noted in its native range (Asia), because it lays eggs within ripening fruit before harvest, leading to crop loss. The aim of this paper is to describe the process in order to create collaboration, communication routes and evaluation methods in response to a new invasive pest. RESULTS: Funding was secured and a program (SWD*IPM) was quickly developed to address social, economic and biological components. Communication routes were outlined, and a stakeholder advisory panel was established to guide program objectives. A central website was created to host up‐to‐date information. An online monitoring and mapping program for D. suzukii in Oregon fruit‐growing regions illustrated the range, distribution and seasonal abundance of the pest. In addition, a program for backyard fruit growers was initiated to examine citizen scientists' roles in managing D. suzukii infestations in the urban setting. A monitoring kit, laminated educational cards, dry fly mounts and quick‐time videos were some of the tools used to educate growers. First‐year challenges for dealing with a new pest are discussed. CONCLUSION: The discovery and subsequent response to an exotic pest is information intensive and requires a well‐planned, coordinated Extension and evaluation effort. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

一种危害杧果幼果的瘿蚊科害虫

杧幼果普瘿蚊(Procontarinia frugivora Gagné)是目前已知唯一危害杧果果实的地区性害虫,国内尚未发生分布。本文综述了其分类地位、地理分布、成虫形态特征、生物学特性、传播途径等,讨论了其经济重要性及防治对策,提出了进境检疫鉴定方法,以期为进境检疫工作提供参考。     

警惕危险性害虫辣椒花象甲入侵我国

辣椒花象甲Anthonomus eugenii是一种毁灭性害虫,原产于中美洲,可为害至少35种商业辣椒品种,对辣椒为害严重,可使其减产33%～90%。该害虫于1993年入侵加拿大,并于2014年进入欧洲。频繁的全球贸易及国际运输将加速该害虫的传播和扩散,并有入侵我国的风险。该文对辣椒花象甲的生物学特性、寄主植物、为害特征、分布范围及传播进行总结,分析其对我国的入侵风险及对我国辣椒产业造成的潜在损失,并提出风险管理措施。     

A quantitative model for trade pathway analysis of plant pest entry and transfer to a host in European Union territory

A quantitative pathway model, QPAFood, has been designed to support risk assessment for plant pest entry into European Union (EU) territory on a range of edible plant commodities via trade flows. The model calculates the distribution of an imported infested/infected commodity along a pathway into and within the EU from source countries, based on Eurostat data and other data/information. The model determines the implications of global trade pathways for the potential arrival of the infested commodity in the EU28 Member States. Within each Member State, the calculation proceeds by distributing the commodity according to uses, notably retail or processing, to the vulnerable area of commercial host crops determined in each NUTS2 region and then quantifies the consequent potential for pest–host contact which could lead to pest transfer. Annual and monthly estimates of contact risk are tabulated and visualized for Member States and NUTS2 regions. The model was developed originally for the European Food Safety Authority using four case studies of specific pest–commodity combinations. These pests had relatively limited host ranges and the model has now been extended in the context of the EC FP7 DROPSA project for the multiple commodity pathways associated with the highly polyphagous fruit pest Drosophila suzukii.