南逗迈4号芒设施栽培技术研究

为了改善栽培品种结构,探讨设施栽培产期调节技术,调节芒果鲜果供应市场时间,在南宁建设设施大棚,2016年~2019年对南逗迈4号芒开展设施栽培模式下产期调节试验。结果表明,在设施栽培模式下,南逗迈4号芒宜在4月上旬前修剪,7月-8月促花2-3次,调控在8月上旬至10月下旬开花坐果,12月下旬果实成熟。南逗迈4号芒适合作为设施栽培产期调节品种,12月成熟平均单果重366.4g,可溶性固形物含量19.5%,可食率73%。高接换种后第二年每667㎡产量470.4kg,第三年每667㎡产量959.4kg,第四年每667㎡产量1049.1kg,品种产期调节生产性状优,是具有发展前景的芒果设施栽培产期调节新品种。     

设施栽培对桂热芒71号果实生长发育和品质的影响研究

以5年生的桂热芒71号为试材，采用设施避雨与露地栽培模式，比较分析了两种栽培技术对田间环境、果实生长发育、品质及产量的影响。结果表明：设施避雨栽培可降低田间湿度，平均降幅1.9%RH～2.4%RH。花期、幼果期和果实膨大至成熟期设施避雨与露天栽培田间湿度相差最大分别达到5.5%RH、5.4%RH、8.1%RH。桂热芒71号在设施避雨和露天栽培两种不同栽培模式下，果实迅速膨大期为第二次生理落果完成后的21～27天，之后为果实膨大缓慢期，因此，在果实膨大期可供应充足肥水、加强果园管理，促进果实增长。设施避雨栽培的总糖、Vc、TSS含量、株挂果数、产量分别比露地栽培提高了11.9%、34.4% 、5.2%、60.2%、85.09%，总酸含量比露地栽培降低了16%。在广西桂南等春季低温阴雨天气多的地区，可适当推广设施避雨栽培。     

防草布覆盖提升四季蜜芒反季节成花、产量和品质研究

为探寻种植于年均温度偏低地区四季蜜芒反季节成花效果不理想，花期延后，产量低或果实品质差的解决方法和依据。本试验以5年生四季蜜芒为研究对象，开展了果园露地种植和防草布覆盖对四季蜜芒土壤温度和含水率，冠层温湿度，成花物候期和成花率，产量和品质影响的田间试验。结果表明：与露地种植相比，防草布覆盖提高四季蜜芒0-20cm土层土壤含水率和平均温度；冠层最高和平均温度分别提高0.2-5.9℃和0.4-1.5℃，降低平均和最低湿度；提早四季蜜芒开花7-10天，成花率提高26.0%；产量提高30.8%；果实可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比分别提高17.1%和33.9%，果实果皮细腻，无或极少斑点。覆盖防草布提高土壤温度和含水率及冠层温湿度，提早四季蜜芒反季节栽培成花时间和提高成花率，提升产量和品质，适合在年均温度偏低种植区推广应用。     

矢尖蚧对不同芒果品种的为害情况调查报告

矢尖蚧是我国芒果产区的一种有害昆虫。本研究通过田间和室内观测,记录矢尖蚧在芒果上的为害特点、各发育阶段虫态的主要特征、发生规律,并通过大田调查方法,了解设施大棚内9个芒果品种的矢尖蚧虫害发生程度。结果表明矢尖蚧可为害芒果的枝干、叶片和果实;雌虫经历2个若虫阶段和1个成虫阶段,雄虫经历2个若虫阶段、预蛹、蛹、成虫5个时期;金水仙芒和泰引1号芒的矢尖蚧为害程度最弱,桂热芒10号的矢尖蚧为害程度最高;下层树冠为矢尖蚧为害最严重的部位,中层树冠次之,上层最轻或不受为害;第 1 代若虫孵化盛期为施药防治最关键的时期。     

增施4种有机肥对桂热芒82号产量、土壤理化性质和果实品质的影响

本试验以高接换种4年的桂热芒82号芒为试材,施用复合肥为对照,选用4种有机肥探讨其对桂热芒82号产量、果实品质以及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：施用有机肥可以提高芒果产量、改善芒果品质。株施20kg或30kg海藻素壳聚糖(HZS)有机肥,20 kg或30 kg菌藻酶微生物菌剂有机肥(JZM)增产明显；株施30 kg菌藻酶微生物菌剂有机肥(JZM)、20 kg或30 kg晨耕生物有机肥(CG)、30 kg海藻素壳聚糖有机肥(HZS)可以显著提高可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比和维生素C含量。施用有机肥能明显改良土壤理化性质。有机肥施用量越高,其土壤有机质含量越高,4种有机肥均能提高土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶等4种酶活性,整体上,施用有机质含量较高的有机肥,其土壤相关酶活性越高。土壤养分的提高总体上以株施20 kg、30 kg菌藻酶微生物菌剂(JZM)表现较好,相关指标与对照差异显著。     

新品种‘桂热芒3号’对炭疽病和细菌性黑斑病的抗性评价初报

炭疽病和细菌性黑斑病是芒果生产上的重要病害，严重影响芒果的产量和质量。采用室内离体接种鉴定法，以抗病品种台农1号芒作为对照，对桂热芒3号果实不同发育时期（幼果期、膨大期、成熟期）及转绿期叶片进行炭疽病和角斑病的抗病性测定。结果表明：桂热芒3号四个发育时期炭疽病的病情指数依次为37.78、25.33、31.33、28.00，抗性评价结果均为抗病。细菌性黑斑病的病情指数依次为30.56、22.92、27.38、19.45，幼果期抗病评价结果为中抗，其余3个时期评价结果为抗病。差异显著性分析显示，桂热芒3号幼果期和膨大期的炭疽病病情指数达显著差异水平（p<0.05），桂热3号芒与对照台农1号芒的转绿期叶片炭疽病病情指数达显著差异水平。桂热芒3号是一个对炭疽病为抗病、对细菌性黑斑病为中抗的晚熟芒果品种。     

遮荫对早熟禾产量因子的影响

测定了草地早熟禾5个不同品种在不同遮荫处理下的单株成穗数、单穗粒数、千粒质量及产量。结果表明:遮荫条件下品种润草1号和09-2早熟禾单株成穗数、单穗粒数、千粒质量及产量性状均表现较为优良,表明润草1号和09-2是较耐荫的品种。其中,"润草1号"在遮光率77%时单株产量与其他品系差异显著,在遮光91%仍有少量抽穗。     

四季蜜龙眼产期调节技术应用效果调查

2014年3月至11月对广西桂平市金田镇古东村四季蜜龙眼生产基地产期调节技术应用效果进行调查，结果表明，四季蜜龙眼春季修剪较重，但夏季树体恢复较快；夏季成花调控成花株率为100%，成花枝率高达99%，冬季挂果率为90%；果实于11月中旬至12月上旬成熟采收，可溶性固形物含量为23.8%，可食率达68%，平均亩产500kg，销售价20-24元/kg，取得较好的效益，具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

收割期对产量和青饲料品质的影响

<正> 在乌克兰中部的天然饲料地和大田轮作中,多年生牧草的青饲料产量往往很低。原因之一采用低产的非划定栽培区品种的种子。1983——1984年在波格丹诺维奇国家品种试验区和斯维尔德洛夫省之间的化学实验工艺学实验室研究了无芒雀麦的收割时期对其单位面积产量和青饲料品质的影响,第一次收获无芒雀麦是在下列生育期:抽穗前、抽穗初,完全抽穗。所有的试验处理。草层     

2个芒果新品种在贵州地区的引种表现及栽培技术

在贵州省兴义市、望谟县和贞丰县引种种植桂热芒3号和桂热芒4号,2020 ~ 2022年连续3年对2个芒果品种的引种表现进行了观察。结果表明,桂热芒3号的成熟期桂为9月上中旬,较台农1号晚40 ~ 50 d,避开了采收上市高峰,其平均单果重341.67 g,可食率73.54 %,可溶性固形物21.6 %,总酸含量0.30 %,Vc含量21.24 mg/100g,固酸比72.60;桂热芒4号的成熟期为8月中旬,较台农1号晚10 ~ 20 d,未避开采收上市高峰,但其产量高于台农1号,果实品质优良,其平均单果重382.57 g,可食率75.07%,可溶性固形物17.8 %,总酸含量0.25 %,Vc含量12.20 mg/100g,固酸比76.09,风味口感较台农1号清淡,更符合当地消费者口感。2个品种在贵州地区的适应性好,抗性强,具丰产稳产特性,可作为优良中晚熟品种在贵州地区推广栽培。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.