朝鲜蓟品比试验

从美国引进5个朝鲜蓟新品种进行品比试验,通过2年的田间试验观察及对其植物学性状、经济性状及产量分析得出:5个品种当中王者之星综合性状较好,适宜曲靖市麒麟区发展.     

适合徐州地区保护地栽培的番茄品种

通过对5个番茄品种的植物性状、产量及抗病性的比较试验,了解各品种的适应性。结果表明,从番茄品种的综合性状及抗病性表现等方面综合考虑,参试的5个番茄品种,仅有保冠1号、国粹2个品种植物综合性状上表现较好,适合于徐州地区保护地推广种植。     

延边地区设施温棚黄瓜品种筛选试验

为筛选出适宜延边地区设施温棚栽培的黄瓜品种，引进3个水黄瓜品种、5个旱黄瓜品种进行试验，调查分析其植物学性状、果实性状、产量及抗病性。结果表明，水黄瓜3个品种中，中农46号无论从植物学性状、果实性状还是产量、抗病性方面，都好于其他2个品种；旱黄瓜5个品种中，小刺包的硕丰八号和大刺包的田骄八号综合性状好。     

苹果杂种实生苗叶片性状遗传趋势研究

以7个苹果品种及5个杂交组合的F1代种苗为试材,测定并评价了叶长、叶宽、叶厚、叶面积、叶形指教5个表现性状,研究了苹果杂种后代叶片性状的遗传规律.结果表明:苹果叶片性状呈现明显的衰退趋势,叶片性状在杂交后代中存在广泛变异,叶片大小在个体间的差异变化最大,比较适合作为杂交后代叶片性状早期选择的指标.     

河南省主栽甜瓜品种苗期表型性状变异分析

以河南省内收集的30份主栽甜瓜品种为试材,分析了其苗期16个表型性状的变异。结果表明:苗期表型性状变异较大,数量性状的变异系数介于14.24%~62.96%,其中子叶面积的变异系数最大;质量性状的变异系数介于10.80%~60.49%,真叶形状变异系数最大。主成分分析表明,16个性状指标可转化为5个独立的综合指标,其累计贡献率达82.40%。聚类分析表明,30份甜瓜品种可划分为5类,各类之间性状差异较大。上述结果明确了河南省主栽甜瓜品种苗期性状的变异,为基于苗期性状的优异品种筛选及培育提供理论依据。     

西双版纳黄瓜种质资源形态鉴定和亲缘关系的初步研究

通过对30份西双版纳黄瓜种质资源5个质量性状和13个数量性状的形态鉴定。结果显示:30份西双版纳黄瓜种质在形态水平上具有一定的遗传多样性。与性型分化和侧枝发生相关的5个数量性状的差异较大,变异系数较高。子叶长等8个性状差异不明显。基于形态性状的聚类分析结果,29份种质可分为5组,分组结果与其重要农艺性状基本吻合。     

西双版纳黄瓜种质资源形态鉴定和亲缘关系的初步研究

通过对30份西双版纳黄瓜种质资源5个质量性状和13个数量性状的形态鉴定。结果显示：30份西双版纳黄瓜种质在形态水平上具有一定的遗传多样性。与性型分化和侧枝发生相关的5个数量性状的差异较大,变异系数较高。子叶长等8个性状差异不明显。基于形态性状的聚类分析结果,     

杧果种质资源果实数量性状评价指标探讨

为了更好地对我国杧果种质资源进行评价研究,尽快建立我国数量化、规范化的果种质资源描述系统,2002-2004年,在广东省湛江市中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所杧果种质资源圃内进行了48-57份杧果品种(种质)资源果实的平均单果重、果核质量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量及维生素C含量等5项数量性状指标的测定。结果表明,以上5个经济性状均存在14%以上的变异系数。可溶性固形物呈正态分布,其他4项指标均呈偏态分布。根据分析结果,提出单果重、果核质量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量及维生素C含量5个数量性状的评价标准,建议将5个数量性状分为1-5个等级,每个级别提出2个参照品种,1个国外品种,1个国内品种。该项研究为我国杧果种质资源描述系统数量化、规范化的建立奠定了基础。     

核桃青果与坚果外观性状相关性研究

以核桃成熟果实为材料,测定了5个青果外观性状和7个坚果外观性状,分析了青果性状、坚果性状及青果与其坚果性状之间的相关性。结果表明:核桃青果外观性状之间均呈极显著的线性正相关关系;核桃坚果三径之间均呈极显著正相关关系,坚果鲜重与坚果三径和坚果仁鲜重呈极显著正相关,坚果仁鲜重与坚果三径、坚果鲜重和坚果出仁率均呈极显著正相关,而与坚果壳厚呈极显著负相关;坚果出仁率仅与坚果仁鲜重呈极显著正相关,而与坚果壳厚呈极显著负相关,与坚果纵径呈显著正相关;坚果壳厚与坚果横径、坚果纵径、坚果仁鲜重及坚果出仁率均呈极显著负相关,与坚果线径呈显著负相关;核桃青果5个性状与坚果三径、坚果鲜重、坚果仁鲜重及坚果出仁率等6个坚果外观性状之间均呈极显著正相关,与坚果壳厚均呈极显著负相关;该研究列出了各个性状间的线性回归方程和相关密切程度。     

新转萝卜雄性不育系主要性状的配合力分析

采用不完全双列杂交法.对新转育成的5个雄性不育系和3个测验种的5个主要性状根质量、根长、株高、叶片质量、开展度的一般配合力和特殊配合力及遗传力进行了研究.结果表明,雄性不育系A1,A3和测验种S1的根质量、根长、株高、叶片质量、开展度5个农艺性状的一般配合力均较高,是杂交育种的理想亲本,而其他亲本则一般配合力较低;A1×S1,A1×S2,A2×S2,A3×S2,A5×S1和A5×S1等7个组合主要性状的特殊配合力效应值除了个别性状外均为正值,说明其用于杂种优势育种的可行性比较大.遗传力分析表明,除开展度外,其余主要性状均主要受基因加性效应影响,能真实遗传.     

朝鲜蓟的组织培养与快速繁殖技术研究

介绍朝鲜蓟的组织培养与快速繁殖的方法。该研究方法以茎尖为外植体,以改良的MS培养基为基本培养基,对朝鲜蓟进行离体培养,重点介绍各试验阶段的培养条件以及生长与分化情况。     

UPLC法测定朝鲜蓟叶中绿原酸含量

采用Acquity BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),乙腈-2％的乙酸水溶液(11∶89)等度洗脱,柱温:30℃,检测波长328 nm,流速:0.4 min/mL,进样量:1μL,研究了测定朝鲜蓟叶中绿原酸含量的超高效液相色谱方法.结果表明:绿原酸在0.013～1.3 mg/mL范围类线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.10％,RSD为1.87％,与常规HPLC方法比较,该方法分析时间短,节约溶剂,适用于朝鲜蓟叶中绿原酸含量的快速测定.     

Agronomic and nutritional quality,and fresh and processing attitude,of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) cultivars and an Italian landrace

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) plants of a typical landrace (‘Montelupone A’) from the Marche region (Italy) and three commercial cultivars (‘Apollo’, ‘Romanesco C3’, ‘Exploter’) were compared as a detailed analysis of their productive, morphological, qualitative, and nutritional parameters was carried out to characterise their particularities and suitability for the fresh market or the processing industry. Cultivar ‘Apollo’ stands out for its qualitative and agronomic aspects, with ‘Romanesco C3’ showing high flower head yield, as the most important Romanesco cultivar that is widely cultivated in central Italy. ‘Exploter’ shows high productivity and qualitative characteristics. The lower phenol content of ‘Exploter’ indicates its suitability for processing as a fresh cut preparation. The ‘Montelupone A’ landrace is characterised by beneficial nutritional values that indicate its use for fresh consumption and as a source of antioxidant compounds. The ‘Apollo’ and ‘Romanesco C3’ commercial cultivars show higher processing yield due to flower head characteristics. In particular, ‘Apollo’ has an interesting profile according to its technological qualitative and nutritional value. ‘Exploter’ differs in its high yield and suitability for the fresh market. Analysis of the ‘Montelupone A’ landrace confirms its interesting qualitative and nutritional values.     

Physiological response of the medicinal plant artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) to exogenous salicylic acid under field saline conditions

Alleviating salinity stress by modifying the physiology of the medicinal plant globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) was investigated in a field experiment using salicylic acid (SA). The objectives were to determine: (1) the physiological response of artichoke under salinity stress, and (2) whether SA can alleviate the adverse effects of salinity by affecting artichoke physiology. The factorial combination of salty water (control, 8 dS/m, and 14 dS/m) and foliar application of SA (control, 0.1, 1 mM) was tested. A 1500-L tank was used in the field to establish the favorable salinity levels. Salinity increased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll; however, at the medium level of SA, chlorophyll a decreased. Increasing salinity and SA decreased total phenolic contents. Increased salinity increased plant proline and ionic leakage. Interestingly, SA significantly decreased ionic leakage, compared with the control. SA increased proline production at different levels of salinity. SA at 0.1 mM was the most suitable and effective treatment under salinity stress. It is possible to alleviate the stress of salinity on artichoke growth by modifying plant physiology using the appropriate concentration of SA.     

苦豆子无灌溉条件下旱地直播种植试验

通过不同播种期苦豆子生长量和越冬性能的调查,土壤墒情与出苗保苗关系的研究,种子不同处理程度对出苗效果的影响,在不同立地条件下不同播种方式对出苗保苗的观察,总结出在无灌溉条件下旱地直播种植苦豆子的最佳播种期,种子不同程度处理对提高发芽率的关系,不同立地条件、不同播种方式的出苗保苗效果,为该区旱地人工种植苦豆子提供了可借鉴的途径.     

关于风景园林行业市场领域分类的思考

从园林投资主体和使用目的的角度,把园林市场划分为市政类园林、地产类园林、企事业单位类园林、生态修复类园林、私家园林(艺)、园林苗木和养护7种主要类型,并对前5种概念给出定义,可供园林行业市场领域研究参考.     

In vitro callus-induction in globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) as a system for the production of caffeoylquinic acids

Summary

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) provides a rich dietary source of bio-active compounds derived from phenylpropanoid metabolism, notably caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and flavonoids. Micropropagation techniques have been established for this species, but in vitro cultures have not yet been extended to generate an efficient system for the induction of callus tissue. In this study, we compared more than 100 combinations of media supplements (e.g., phytohormones, absorbers of polyphenols, and inhibitors of polyphenol oxidase), along with various light regimes, and three different genotypes of globe artichoke to define the optimal conditions for callus induction from leaf explants. This led to the elaboration of an in vitro culture protocol which resulted in a high frequency of callus induction after just 1 week in culture. The procedure used leaf explants from virus-free, meristem culturederived plantlets. Quantitative HPLC analysis revealed that, as in globe artichoke leaves, the predominant phenolic esters present in callus were mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids (diCQA). The concentration of diCQA was three- to five-fold higher in calli than in leaves. The exposure of calli to UV-C light further enhanced the levels of CQAs. In vitro callus culture combined with UV-C irradiation may thus represent a viable production system for diCQA that is suitable for the synthesis of pharmacologically-active compounds.     

The effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the development of micropropagated artichokes

In this work, microrosettes of Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus Fiori of the “catanese” type were subcultured in a medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.05 mg l⁻¹). For root induction, indoleacetic acid (IAA), α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyrric acid (IBA) were used at three concentrations: 2, 5 and 10 mg l⁻¹. The highest percentage of rooted shoots was aided by the presence of 10 mg l⁻¹ IAA.Once transplanted in pots, the plantlets were inoculated with 10 g Glomus viscosum strain A6 (AM fungus). Acclimatisation was clearly facilitated by the addition of the AM fungus. Indeed, the mycorrhizal plantlets registered a survival of between 90 and 95% for the rooting shoots and 60% for the non-rooting shoots.The botanical characterization of the material produced was carried out in field and was based on several morphological and productive parameters. Data collected confirm the characteristics of the original cultivar, the efficiency of the in vitro propagation material and the possibility of using this technique in early types of artichoke.     

Globe artichoke plants obtained from shoot apices through rapid in vitro micropropagation

A rapid method of in vitro propagation for globe artichoke (Cynara scolimus L.) is described. Shoot apices and subterminal stem segments were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) with NaH₂PO₄ (50 mg/l), m-inositol (100 mg/l), L-tyrosine (100 mg/l), adenine (40 mg/l), indoleacetic acid (IAA, 0.5 mg/l), kinetin (K, 10 mg/l). sucrose (4%) and agar (0.7%) at pH 5.5. On this medium, a high number of proliferating shoots was obtained. The number of these shoots was increased and their overall development improved by sub-culturing on a MS medium with a reduced concentration of K (5 mg/l) and without the additional amount of sodium dihydrogen phosphate. In these conditions, a 4.5 rate of shoot proliferation was reached after 3 weeks.To induce rooting, the proliferated shoots were transferred to a medium containing half MS, thiamine-HCl (1 mg/l), m-inositol (100 mg/l), ascorbic acid (10 mg/l), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 2 mg/l), sucrose (2%), agar (0.7%) at pH 5.5. In these culture conditions about 84% of plantlets rooted.Cytological analyses performed on root tips of 20 randomly chosen plantlets showed that all the analysed plants contained the diploid number of chromosomes. The plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and the method described seems to be suitable for rapid propagation of globe artichoke.     

厚皮甜瓜设施栽培经济实用高效技术探讨

从设施结构、栽培模式和以防病为主的栽培管理技术等经济实用高效技术方面,探讨了创造出厚皮甜瓜作物生长的小生态环境,以生产出绿色精品甜瓜。