重组竹制造工艺的研究

本文是作者在施胶量、热压温度和热压时间三个主要因子对重组竹性能影响的初步研究基础上又进一步探讨了施胶方式、竹纤维束水洗、胶种以及胶的浓度等因素对产品性能的作用。研究结果表明:竹纤维束水洗有较显著的作用;水溶性酚醛胶比醇溶性酚醛胶更适用于重组竹的制造,胶液浓度过稀不仅自身性能差,而且还会使重组竹性能降低;采用浸胶方法虽有利于胶液的均勻分布,但对IB未产生明显的作用。     

采用固化剂缩短酚醛胶刨花板热压时间的研究

采用添加固化剂的方法，对降低酚醛树脂胶刨花板的热压时间进行了研究。通过筛选试验，选出了加速酚醛胶固化效果比较好的固化剂Ｎ，同时探讨了固化剂Ｎ的用量与酚醛树脂胶聚合时间之间的关系，进而确定了固化剂Ｎ的合适用量。试验结果表明，当固化剂用量为２％时，１６ｍｍ厚的酚醛树脂胶刨花板的热压时间可以从１４ｍｉｎ缩短到１０ｍｉｎ，热压时间缩短了２８．５７％。     

Compressive deformation of wood impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin II: effects of processing parameters

To obtain high-strength phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated compressed wood at low pressing pressure, the effects of resin content, preheating temperature, pressing temperature, and pressing speed on the compressive deformation of oven-dried low molecular weight PF resin-impregnated wood was investigated. With an increase of PF resin content, the Youngs modulus of the cell wall perpendicular to the fiber direction decreases, and collapse-initiating pressure decreases linearly with the Youngs modulus. This indicates that the occurrence of cell wall collapse is strain-dependent. By increasing preheating temperatures, the collapse-initiating pressure increases due to the increment of the Youngs modulus of the cell wall. An increase in pressing temperature results in the thermal softening of the cell wall and causes collapse at a lower pressure. The wood is compressed effectively despite accelerated resin curing. The pressing speed significantly affects the viscoelastic deformation of the cell wall and the wood is well deformed with decreasing pressing speed, although the differences in density and mechanical properties are relatively small after a pressure-holding period of 30min. In all the parameters examined in this study, the Youngs modulus and bending strength increase with increasing density.     

Application of cure-accelerated phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives for three-layer medium density fiberboard (MDF) manufacture

 This study was conducted to optimize hot pressing time and adhesive content for the manufacture of three-layer medium density fiberboard (MDF) through the cure acceleration of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives by adding three carbonates (propylene carbonate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate) in the core layer. Carbonate type, carbonate level, PF resin content, and hot pressing time were evaluated on the basis of the performance of MDF panels prepared. The application of cure-accelerated PF adhesives by the addition of propylene carbonate reduced both PF resin content and total hot pressing time by 38% and 29%, respectively, for the manufacture of quality three-layer MDF panels (19.1 mm thickness) under the hot-pressing temperature of 205 °C. The optimum concentration of propylene carbonate for cure acceleration of PF resin was found to be 3 wt% by weight based on the resin solids. Bending properties, on one hand, were independent of carbonate type and level, and complied with the minimum requirements by ANSI. Internal bond (IB) strength, on the other hand, was closely related with carbonate types and level used. Received 13 March 1999     

Compressive deformation of wood impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin V: effects of steam pretreatment

This study evaluated the potential of steam pre-treatment for making highly compressed phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated wood at a low pressing pressure. Sawn veneers of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) were first subjected to saturated steam at different steaming temperatures (140°-200°C), followed by impregnation with a 20% low molecular weight PF resin aqueous solution resulting in a weight gain of around 50%-55%. Four oven-dried treated veneers were laminated and compressed up to a pressing pressure of 1 MPa at a pressing temperature of 150°C and pressing speed of 5 mm/min, and the pressure was held for 30 min. Steam treatment, causing partial hydrolysis of hemicellulose, accelerated the compressibility of Japanese cedar in the PF resin-swollen condition. As a consequence, a discernible increment in density was achieved at a pressing pressure of 1 MPa due to steam pretreatment between 140° and 200°C for 10 min. It was also found that even a short steaming time such as 2 min at 160°C is sufficient for obtaining appreciable compression of PF resin-impregnated wood. The density, Young’s modulus, and bending strength of steam-treated (200°C for 10 min) PF resin-impregnated wood composite reached 1.09 g/cm³, 20 GPa, and 207MPa, respectively. In contrast, the values of untreated PF resin-impregnated wood composite were 0.87 g/cm³, 13 GPa, and 170MPa, respectively.     

Shear strength development of the phenol–formaldehyde adhesive bond during cure

The development of the shear strength of the phenol–formaldehyde (PF) adhesive bond during curing was investigated. Five different PF adhesive mixtures and 1.1 mm thick peeled beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) veneer were used to produce lap-shear specimens, which were cured at a pressing temperature of 160°C. Dielectric analysis (DEA) and modified ABES (automated bonding evaluation system) were used to evaluate the physical–chemical and mechanical aspects of PF adhesive cure in a miniature hot-press. The degree of cure, which was calculated from conductivity data, was dependent on pressing time and the composition of the PF adhesive. An addition of rye flour to the PF adhesive significantly postponed the curing process as determined by DEA. It was found that the adhesive bond started to develop in the last stage of the curing (vitrification), by which time most of the physical–chemical conversion of the adhesive had been completed.     

喷蒸真空热压对水溶性PF胶在杨木大片刨花中的渗透及对板性能的影响

反射荧光显微镜可观察水溶性酚醛树脂胶（ＰＦ）在杨木大片刨花中的渗透情况。通过显微观察及板内结合强度测试,结果表明,蒸汽冷凝水对水溶性ＰＦ树脂胶有稀释作用,改变胶的流动和渗透性能。采用喷蒸真空热压工艺时,须对水溶性ＰＦ胶进行改性,ＰＦ的分子量要大于传统工艺所要求的分子量,而且有必要采用适当的喷蒸保持时间     

三聚氰胺脲醛树脂改性酚醛树脂胶粘剂的研究

采用常规合成的脲醛(UF)或酚醛(PF)树脂胶对多层胶合板贴面时，很容易出现开胶或透胶现象。本研究采用三聚氰胺脲醛(MUF)树脂对PF树脂进行改性，生产浅色改性PF胶粘剂，探讨了MUF与PF树脂摩尔比、混合比、热压条件等对胶液的粘度、缩合度、稳定性、胶层颜色及胶合质量的影响。结果表明，改性后的浅色酚醛树脂胶粘剂筘存性好、固化后胶层近似木材本色、高强耐水、耐候，用来压制的多层实木复合地板可达到GB9846．1～12-88Ⅰ类胶合板要求。     

Utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid for manufacturing of particleboard II: influences of pressing temperature and time on particleboard properties

Development of environmentally friendly particleboard made from sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid has recently attracted attention. In this study, we investigated the effects of pressing temperature and time on physical properties, such as dry bending (DB), internal bond strength (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) of particleboard. Wet bending (WB), screw-holding power (SH), biological durability, and formaldehyde emission of particleboard manufactured under effective pressing temperature and time were also evaluated. Particleboards bonded with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) were manufactured as references. Effective pressing temperature and time were 200?°C and 10 min, respectively. It was clarified that DB, IB, and TS satisfied the type 18 requirements of the JIS A 5908 (2003), and were comparable to those of particleboard bonded with PF and pMDI. The WB and SH of particleboard did not satisfy type 18 of JIS. Particleboard manufactured under effective pressing conditions had good biological durability and low formaldehyde emission. Based on the results of infrared spectra measurement, the degree of ester linkages increased with increased pressing temperature and time.     

竹木复合单板层积材制备工艺

以浸渍酚醛树脂的杨木单板和竹帘为原料制备竹木复合单板层积材, 探讨制造工艺对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,竹木复合材料的MOE及MOR均达到或超过了日本JAS标准的相关规定,尺寸稳定性良好; 单板厚度、树脂浓度、压缩率对MOE和MOR有显著影响;组坏方式对MOR影响显著;而吸水厚度膨胀率的影响作用比较复杂.     

苯酚-尿素-甲醛共缩聚树脂制取竹胶板模板热压工艺试验

利用自行研制的苯酚-尿素-甲醛共缩聚树脂(PUF)以热压压力、时间、温度3个因素3水平的正交实验设计进行竹胶板模板热压工艺试验,结果表明,PUF压制的竹胶板模板物理力学性能优良,超过JG/T156-2004<竹胶合板模板>质量要求,与目前生产上使用的PF胶压制的竹胶板模板性能相当,但用胶成本可节省13.5%;PUF压制竹胶板模板的较优工艺参数为热压压力2.5 MPa、热压时间1.2 min/mm、热压温度150℃.     

Dimensional stabilization of compressed laminated veneer lumber by hot pressing in an airtight frame

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability and strength properties of compressed laminated veneer lumber (LVL) produced using a closed hot pressing system. LVL specimens were produced with varying number of veneers using either diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) or a water-soluble phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin at varying temperatures (160–200°C), pressures (0.5–3 MPa) and hot-pressing times (2–16 min). Results show that the heating process decreases the recovery of compressive deformation in the veneers when subjected to cyclic moisture and heat conditions. Thickness swelling was approximately 5% after a drying, wetting and boiling cyclic test for LVL using the MDI resin and hot pressed at 200°C for 8 min. Modulus of elasticity and rupture increased for samples produced in both an open press and the closed press with an increase in the number of veneers and density, as did the absorbed energy in impact bending.     

橡胶木制造薄片刨花板的研究

本文论述了橡胶木小径材和枝桠材制造薄片刨花板的可行性,并通过正交试验对脲醛胶刨花板制造工艺进行了优化选择,同时也对酚醛树脂胶粘剂制造薄片刨花板和薄型刨花板进行了探索。试验表明,橡胶木可以制造出质地良好的刨花板。     

Compressive deformation of wood impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin III: effects of sodium chlorite treatment

To obtain high-strength phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated compressed wood at low pressing pressure, we investigated the effects of sodium chlorite (NaClO₂) treatment on wood prior to low molecular weight PF resin impregnation. Sawn veneers of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) were treated with 2% aqueous NaClO₂ solution at 45°C for 12 h to remove lignin, and the process was repeated up to four times, resulting in weight loss of 21%. NaClO₂ treatment has shown considerable potential for high compression of PF resin-impregnated wood at low pressing pressure, especially after adding moisture to a content of 10%–11%. This deformation is further enhanced during pressure holding by creep deformation. The density, Young’s modulus, and bending strength of PF resin-impregnated veneer laminated composites that were treated with NaClO₂ four times and compressed at 1 MPa, reached 1.15 g/cm³, 27 GPa, and 280 MPa, respectively. The values in untreated PF resin-impregnated wood reached 0.8 g/cm³, 16 GPa, and 165 MPa, respectively.     

Compressive deformation of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated wood related to the molecular weight of resin

The effects of molecular weight of PF resin on the deformation behaviour of NaClO₂ treated resin-impregnated wood during compression were investigated. Blocks of Japanese cedar were subjected to 2% NaClO₂ aqueous solution. This was repeated up to four times resulting in a weight loss of 28%. Treated and untreated samples were impregnated with PF resin having different molecular weight. With increasing molecular weight, weight gain and volume gain decreased for untreated PF resin-impregnated wood, while NaClO₂ treated wood impregnated with high molecular weight PF resin showed almost double the weight gain compared to untreated condition. NaClO₂ treatment has shown considerable potential for high compression of PF resin-impregnated wood at lower pressing pressure regardless of the molecular weight of the resin. Low to high molecular weight resin was shown to penetrate into NaClO₂ treated wood as estimated by weight gain contributing to the plasticization of cell wall considerably and thus resulting in cell wall collapse at low pressing pressure. The density of NaClO₂ treated wood impregnated with high molecular weight resin attained a value of over 0.8 g/cm³ which is close to the density of untreated wood impregnated with low molecular weight resin. Such compressed wood exhibited high dimensional stability after boiling for 3 h. Thus, the penetration of resin into wood contributes to highly compressed dimensional stable resin-impregnated wood at low pressing pressure.     

刨花板用快速固化酚醛树脂胶的研究

本研究采用不同于传统合成工艺的方法研制成低毒，高分子量的刨花板用快速固化酚醛树脂胶，试验结果表明，该胶的固人速度较普通酚醛树脂胶提高了４０％左右，用此胶压制成的刨花板，其胶合性能达到了德国ＤＩＮ ６８７６３Ｖ１００耐水刨花板标准，且热压时间较普通酚醛树脂刨花板可缩短２５％左右。     

低分子量酚醛树脂与阻燃剂复配改性大青杨木材的研究

用低分子量酚醛树脂分别与阻燃剂ＦＲＤＬ－１１２或硼酸复配改性大青杨木材的研究表明,ＰＦ树脂与ＦＲＤＬ－１１２复配使用时的渗透性优于与硼酸复配;对处理材的顺纹抗压强度和硬度有降低作用,但与未处理素材相比仍有提高,与硼酸复配对处理材的阻湿性和抗胀缩性能有较大负面影响。阻燃效果是ＦＲＤＬ－１１２明显优于硼酸;与ＦＲＤＬ０－１１２复配可处理材的防腐能力下降,与硼酸复配处理材的防腐效果优于单纯的酚醛树脂处理     

酚醛树脂制造竹定向刨花板的工艺探讨

竹定向刨花板(BOSB)是将窄长竹刨花经过施胶、定向铺装和热压而成的一种多层结构板材.通过测定竹刨花形态、施胶量、热压工艺等因素对BOSB性能的影响,探索制造BOSB的较佳工艺条件.采用本试验确定的工艺参数试制的样板,主要性能指标可满足林业标准中木质OSB/3类一级品的要求.     

低毒快速固化酚醛树脂胶研制及应用

用复合催化剂和先进缩聚工艺制得的快速固化酚醛树脂胶具有低毒和快速固化的优点添加5％～10％固化剂 可使酚醛树脂胶的热压温度、热压时间与脲醛树脂胶相近。该胶适用于制造室外级胶合板、刨花板、中纤板。     

汽车车厢底板用竹木复合板的研制

采用马尾松作芯板、竹片作表板、酚醛树脂作胶粘剂，制造汽车车厢底板用竹木复合板。在确定的涂胶量、热压温度、热压时间条件下，研究了不同的热压压力与竹木复合板性能的关系，得出了适宜的热压工艺条件。研究结果表明，竹木复合板的物理力学性能达到林业行业标准ＬＹ１０５５—９１规定的指标值，为充分、合理、经济、有效地利用竹木资源提供了依据