中国兜蝽科昆虫名录（半翅目：蝽总科）

文章列出了中国兜蝽科昆虫种类,共计17种,分别隶属于2亚科、3族、4属,并对每种的寄主及分布分别进行记述。     

中国盲蝽科一新记录种（半翅目：盲蝽科）

本文记述中国盲蝽科一新记录种     

锐肩异蝽雄性的描述（半翅目：异蝽科）

锐肩异蝽Urochelellus acutihumeralis Yang在已查到的文献中仅描述了雌虫，笔者最近在江西安远三百山采到雄虫，现描述如下。锐肩异蝽Urochelellus acutihumeralis Yang,1937。     

微刺盲蝽的生物学特性研究概述（半翅目：盲蝽科）

微刺盲蝽属（Campylomma)昆虫既可取食植物如棉花，苹果，梨，芒果和茄子等，对农作物造成一定的危害，又可捕食多种害虫并成功地应用于生物防治。在害虫与益虫之间难以作一个明确的界定。本文介绍了该属昆虫的主要生物学特性和研究进展，旨在为该属昆虫作为害虫和天敌昆虫的进一步研究提供基础。     

茶翅蝽和麻皮蝽的防治技术

茶翅蝽和麻皮蝽的防治技术李钦存程爱英王红森张卫勇河南省滑县四间房乡农技站４５６４８７）滑县四间房乡林技术站茶翅蝽（Ｈａｌｙｏｍｏｒｐｈａｐｉｃｕｓ（Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ））和麻皮蝽（Ｅｒｔｈｅｓｉｎａｆｕｌｏ（Ｔｈｕｎｂｅｒｇ）是豫北地区为害桃、杏等果...     

中国姬缘蝽科（半翅目）昆虫分类问题及区系研究

本文对中国分布的３６种半翅目姬缘蝽科昆虫的分类地位及名称上存在的问题作了清理，并对该科的中国区系问题进行了分析和讨论。     

荔蝽卵跳小蜂对荔枝蝽卵寄生情况的初步研究

荔蝽卵跳小蜂是荔枝蝽卵期重要的寄生性天敌。在南宁市郊,５月至６月上旬荔枝,龙眼园中荔蝽卵被寄生可高达８３．１８％,室内测定,每头雌蜂平均能寄生蝽卵８．８￣２２粒,该蜂可行孤雌生殖,但后代均为雄性,在温度２０￣２４．５℃条件下,此蜂可寄生１￣８ｄ卵龄的蝽卵,对蝽卵胚胎杀伤力较强,对蝽卵胚胎杀伤力较强,甚至蝽卵胚胎发育完全期还能寄生。     

香港地区释放荔蝽卵平腹小蜂防治荔蝽

１９９６～１９９８年在香港连续３年利用荔蝽卵平腹小蜂防治荔蝽,１９９６年４月调查,放蜂的３个类型区卵块寄生率分别达８０．００％、８９．５７％和９０．００％,卵粒寄生率分别为８１．８１％、６８．７２％和８９．１６％;而对照区的卵块寄生率和卵粒寄生率仅分别为１６．６７％和１７．０７％。１９９８年５月调查,放蜂的各类型区卵块寄生率和卵粒寄生率均分别达到１００％和９９％以上;对照区的卵块寄生率和卵粒寄生率也分别高达８７．５０％和８７．９６％。同时,果园虫口密度显著降低。     

荔蝽卵平腹小蜂对荔枝蝽的控制效果

于2000年至2001年在广西北流进行了释放荔蝽卵平腹小蜂防治荔枝蝽的田间试验，第1年放蜂2次，荔蝽卵平腹小蜂寄生率为82．5％，第2年在放蜂量减少一半的情况下，荔蝽卵平腹小蜂寄生率为48．3％，自然天敌荔蝽卵跳小蜂寄生率2a分别为11．8％和22．5％，处理区的残存荔枝蝽若虫2a均为2头／株，而对照区的残存荔枝蝽若虫第1年为29头／株，第2年达90头／株。试验显示：处理区荔枝蝽若虫数量显著降低，荔蝽卵平腹小蜂能有效地控制荔枝蝽的危害。     

不同颜色粘虫板对棉田绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽和赤须盲蝽的诱集效果

为掌握不同颜色粘虫板对绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽和赤须盲蝽的诱集效果,于2010和2011年的6—10月,用青色、绿色、蓝色、黄色、白色5种颜色粘虫板在山东省棉田内进行诱集试验。结果表明,各粘虫板全年监测中都是6月诱集棉盲蝽数量最多,10月最少,且绿盲蝽的种群数量显著高于中黑盲蝽和赤须盲蝽。不同年份、月份、田块,不同颜色粘虫板的诱集效果不一致,2010年田块1中的绿色、青色和绿色粘虫板诱集的绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽和赤须盲蝽最多,分别为91.0、2.6、5.8头/板,2011年田块2中的黄色、青色粘虫板诱集的绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽最多,分别为263.0、3.2头/板,田块1中的白色粘虫板诱集赤须盲蝽最多,为12.4头/板。多因素方差分析结果显示,年份、月份、田块、粘虫板颜色对绿盲蝽和赤须盲蝽的诱集量有显著影响,月份和粘虫板颜色对中黑盲蝽的诱集量有显著影响。通过对2年5块棉田的诱捕效果综合排序,黄色粘虫板诱集绿盲蝽效果相对最好;绿色粘虫板诱集赤须盲蝽效果相对最好;5种颜色粘虫板诱集中黑盲蝽的效果差异不显著。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the Southern United States: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomic Status and their use in Fruit Fly Biological Control

We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Brief Guide for Authors

正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

The parasitoid complex ofLiriomyza cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.