小资料

江苏省科学协会包括数学、物理、力学、地理、心理、动物、植物、古生物、天文、海洋湖沼、珠算、科技情报、图书馆、遗传、植物生理、农学、茶叶、蚕桑、林学、土壤、水产、农机、水利、气象、土建、地质、化学化工、测绘、纺织工程、电机工程、石油、兵工、航空、激光、轻工、电子、自动化、造船工程、金     

畜牧业请注意:9月1日起,广告再用这些词,可能会被罚20万!!

<正>9月1日起,新广告法将正式施行。极限用语的处罚由原来的退一赔三变更为罚款二十万元起!如:国家级、世界级、最高级、最佳、最大、第一、唯一、首个、首选、最好、最大、精确、顶级、最高、最低、最、最具、最便宜、最新、最先进、最大程度、最新技术、最先进科学、国家级产品、填补国内空白、绝对、独家、首家、最新、最先进、第一品牌、金牌、名牌、优秀、最先、顶级、独家、全网销量第一、全球首发、全国首家、全网首发、世界领先、顶级工艺、最新科学、最新技术、最先进加工工艺、最时尚、极品顶级、顶尖、终极、最受欢迎、王牌、销量冠军、第一(NO.1、Top1)、极致、永久、王牌、掌门人、领袖品牌     

中国地区划分

东部地区（１２个省、市、自治区）：北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、广西、海南中部地区（９个省、自治区）：山西、内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南 （１０个省、市、自治区）：重庆、四川、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆中国地区划分     

中草药名拾趣

中草药材是祖国医学取之不尽、用之不竭的天然药物宝库．中草药名十分奇巧，常常妙趣横生．1拟人类天仙子、红孩儿、了哥王、漆大姑、徐长挪、刘寄奴、急性子、黑老头、管仲、王孙、赛金刚．2思想类断肠草、含羞草、点头草、相思子、望江南、对月草、向日葵、待育草、朝天带、叩头虫、叫姑姑、牵牛子、还魂草、忍冬藤、合欢草、降龙草、黑心姜、矛盾草、如意花．3器具类轨蛇剑、仰天钟、犁头尖、铁扇子、霸王鞭、糖罐子、金龙棒、马刀、鼓糙、罗裙带、仙人掌、钓鱼竿、胸胞友、崩大碗、追风根、马脚枪、山大刀、水管筒、大凉伞、二珠葫芦、…     

秋季适宜食物

主食及豆类的选择:大米、小米、玉米、荞麦、大麦、小麦、糯米、糙米、高粱、豆腐、豆浆、扁豆等。肉蛋奶的选择:羊肉、牛肉、鸭肉、鱼类、猪腰子、猪肺、鳖肉、乌骨鸡、鲍鱼、鳝鱼、蛋类、奶类等。蔬菜的选择:豆芽、菜花、菠菜、胡萝卜、茄子、莲藕、甘薯、马铃薯、山药、芋艿、芹菜、小白菜、莴笋、洋白菜、南瓜、菱角、百合、香菇等。     

养兔忌喂的草料

有些草料有毒,不能用来喂兔,否则容易引起兔中毒。常见的不能或不宜用来喂兔的草料有：车前、牵牛子、断肠草、唐松草、灰菜、毛茛、毒芹、龙葵、苦参、白头翁、回回蒜、地枣儿、酸模、天南星、半夏、苍耳、白屈菜、石龙芮、芜花、夹竹桃、万年青、风仙花、蔓陀罗、樱桃叶、玉米苗、高粱苗、高梁叶、蓖麻叶、棉花叶、嫩桃树枝叶、发芽的马铃薯、落叶松、番茄枝叶、野葱、臭干菊、野亚麻、艾菊、猪秧秧、乌头草、野姜、狗舌草、毛地黄和大麻叶等。     

元口蹄疫国家名单

OIE国际委员会于1999年5月19日通过以下52个国家为非免疫无口蹄疫国家,其中欧洲对个：希腊。荷兰、奥地利、保加利亚、比利时、匈牙利、挪威、冰岛、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、意大利、克罗地亚、捷克共和国。拉脱维亚、斯洛文尼亚、丹麦、立陶宛、西班牙、卢森堡。瑞典、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、马尔他、英国、马其顿、法国、德国、瑞士、斯洛伐克、爱尔兰;美洲11个：海地、洪都拉斯、加拿大、巴拿马、智利、哥斯达黎加、古巴、萨尔瓦多、洛西哥、美国、乌拉圭;亚洲5个,印度尼西亚、日本、新加坡、塞浦路斯、韩国;大洋洲4个：新喀里多）巴亚…     

中国畜牧兽医学会中兽医学分会第八届理事会

<正>1.理事名单刘钟杰、韦旭斌、胡元亮、钟秀会、胡松华、杨志强、穆祥、杨英、刘汉儒、魏彦明、宋晓平、史万玉、郭世宁、陈武、范开、汪德刚、刁小平、葛铭、于文会、黄一帆、张先福、胡庭俊、陈玉库、戴永海、王建国、陈琴苓、颜景晨、张继东、谷新     

38国液态奶消费预测

据美国农业部《世界畜牧业形势》1990年5月号报道,美国、加拿大、墨西哥、阿根廷、巴西、智利、秘鲁、委内瑞拉、比利时、卢森堡、丹麦、法国、西德、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、英国、奥地利、芬兰、挪威、瑞典、瑞士、捷克和斯洛伐克、东德、匈牙利、波兰、罗     

世界卫生组织今年健康食品排行榜

肉食：鹅、鸭、鸡肉;口水果：木瓜、橘子、橙子、草莓、猕猴桃、芒果、苹果、杏、柿子、西瓜;口蔬菜：红薯、玉米、芦笋、花椰菜、茄子、甜菜、……土豆、白菜;口零食：核桃、花生、开心果、腰果、松子、     

Genetic parameter estimates for scrotal circumference and semen characteristics of Line 1 Hereford bulls

The objectives of this study were to estimate heritability for scrotal circumference (SC) and semen traits and their genetic correlations (rg) with birth weight (BRW). Semen traits were recorded for Line 1 Hereford bulls (n = 841), born in 1963 or from 1967 to 2000, that were selected for use at Fort Keogh (Miles City, MT) or for sale. Semen was collected by electroejaculation when bulls were a mean age of 446 d. Phenotypes were BRW, SC, ejaculate volume, subjective scores for ejaculate color, swirl, sperm concentration and motility, and percentages of sperm classified as normal and live or having abnormal heads, abnormal midpieces, proximal cytoplasmic droplets (primary abnormalities), bent tails, coiled tails, or distal cytoplasmic droplets (secondary abnormalities). Percentages of primary and secondary also were calculated. Data were analyzed using multiple-trait derivative-free REML. Models included fixed effects for contemporary group, age of dam, age of bull, inbreeding of the bull and his dam, and random animal and residual effects. Random maternal and permanent maternal environmental effects were also included in the model for BRW. Estimates of heritability for BRW, SC, semen color, volume, concentration, swirl, motility, and percentages of normal, live, abnormal heads, abnormal midpieces, proximal cytoplasmic droplets, bent tails, coiled tails, distal cytoplasmic droplets, and primary and secondary abnormalities were 0.34, 0.57, 0.15, 0.09, 0.16, 0.21, 0.22, 0.35, 0.22, 0.00 0.16, 0.37, 0.00 0.34 0.00, 0.30, and 0.33, respectively. Estimates of rg for SC with color, volume, concentration, swirl, motility, and percentages of live, normal, and primary and secondary abnormalities were 0.73, 0.20, 0.77, 0.40, 0.34, 0.63, 0.33, -0.36, and -0.45, respectively. Estimates of rg for BRW with SC, color, volume, concentration, swirl, motility, and percentages live, normal, and primary and secondary abnormalities were 0.28, 0.60, 0.08, 0.58, 0.44, 0.21, 0.34, 0.20, -0.02, and -0.16, respectively. If selection pressure was applied to increase SC, all of the phenotypes evaluated would be expected to improve. Predicted correlated responses in semen characteristics per genetic SD of selection applied to SC were 0.87 genetic SD or less. If selection pressure was applied to reduce BRW, the correlated responses would generally be smaller but antagonistic to improving all of the phenotypes evaluated. Predicted correlated responses in SC and semen characteristics per genetic SD of selection applied to BRW were less than 0.35 genetic SD.     

引入西藏高原的家兔血液生化参数的比较研究

对引入西藏高原多年的加利福尼亚兔和中国白兔的12项血清生化指标进行测定,并与SPF新西兰兔进行比较。结果显示：①3个品种公兔之间,加尼福利亚兔与中国白兔比较,AST、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、GLU、CRE、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,TG、BUN差异显著（P〈0．05）,其中TP、ALB、A／G、CRE、CHOL、LDH表现极强的公兔特征,而ALT、GLU母兔明显高于公兔;加利福尼亚兔与SPF新西兰兔比较。ALT、A／G、CRE、TG、BUN差异显著（P〈0．05）,AST、CHOL、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）;中国白兔与SPF新西兰兔比较,ALT、AST、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、CRE、CHOL、TG差异极显著（P〈0．01）;②3个品种母兔之间,加利福尼亚兔与中国白兔比较,ALT、GLO、CRE、TG差异显著（P〈0．05）,AST、TP、BUN、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,加利福尼亚兔与SPF新西兰兔比较,ALT、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、BUN、CRE、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,AST、TG差异显著（P〈0．05）;中国白兔与SPF新西兰兔比较,ALT、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、CRE、CHOL、TG、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,BUN、AST差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

Eating and Drinking Behaviors of Newly Received Feedlot Calves

To characterize eating and drinking behaviors of newly received feedlot calves and to determine daily feed intake rate, 170 newly received, high-stress, lightweight calves (BW = 249.5 and 234.5 kg, SD = 15.64 and 18.18 kg, respectively) were observed throughout the first 57 d on feed at a commercial feedyard using an electronic monitoring system. Average individual eating frequency, eating duration, drinking frequency, drinking duration, and group daily feed intake rate were calculated. Mean daily eating durations for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were 115.1, 117.5, 106.3, 93.8, 82.9 min/d, respectively. Mean daily eating frequencies for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were 11.5, 12.6, 13.2, 12.9, and 12.0 visits/d, respectively. Mean daily drinking durations for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were 7.7, 7.5, 7.5, 8.4, and 7.9 min/d, respectively. Mean daily drinking frequencies for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were 6.0, 6.0, 6.0, 6.0, and 5.7 visits/d, respectively. Mean eating and drinking behaviors for the first 3, 5, 10, 27, and 57 d on feed were highly variable, with CV ranging from 18.5 to 69.8. Daily rate of feed intake ranged from 24.6 to 156.1 g/min. Results of this observational study provide estimates of daily mean eating and drinking behaviors and rate of feed intake for high-stress, lightweight, confined feeder cattle. Estimates of variability of these outcomes will facilitate sample size determination for future studies.     

猪PPARs基因组织表达特性的研究

以成年母猪为研究材料,采用RT-PCR半定量法对猪PPARα、β/δ和γ基因组织表达特点进行了研究。结果表明:在检测的18种组织中除胰腺组织外,3种PPAR亚型在其他17种组织中均有表达。表达量高低依次为PPARα,子宫绒毛膜>皮下脂肪>卵巢>大肠>脾脏>大脑>肾上腺>心脏>肺>小肠>脊髓>子宫蜕膜>胃>肝脏>背最长肌>膀胱>肾脏;PPARδ,子宫绒毛膜>卵巢>大肠>脾脏>肝脏>胃>皮下脂肪>大脑>肺>肾上腺>子宫蜕膜>脊髓>背最长肌>心脏>肾脏>小肠>膀胱;PPARγ,背最长肌>皮下脂肪>卵巢>脾脏>肺>大肠>膀胱>子宫绒毛膜>子宫蜕膜>心脏>胃>肝脏>肾脏>大脑>脊髓>肾上腺>小肠。3种亚型PPAR在卵巢和/或子宫绒毛膜中都有较高的表达,提示它们与猪的繁殖性能相关。     

Assessment of the cardiotoxicity of tulathromycin in rabbits

The aim of this study was to determine the cardiotoxic potency of tulathromycin. Tulathromycin (10 mg/kg, SC) was administered to ten adult male rabbits, and blood samples were obtained before and after drug administration (0 and 6 hours). Serum cardiac damage markers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), routine serum biochemical values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, ionised calcium, sodium, potassium), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, arterial blood gas parameters (pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excess in vivo, base excess in vitro, oxygen saturation, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum oxidative status (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, retinol, β-carotene) were measured. Increased levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and creatinine, and decreased WBC counts, ionised calcium and potassium levels were observed after drug administration. Tulathromycin treatment may cause cardiotoxicity, but its effects may be less dramatic than those of other macrolide antibiotics frequently used in veterinary medicine.     

阿拉善双峰驼阴道蝇蛆的形态结构观察

阿拉善双峰驼阴道蝇蛆病是由黑须污蝇(Wohlfahrtia magnifica)幼虫寄生而引起的一种疾病,论文对阿拉善双峰驼阴道蝇蛆形态结构进行了观察。一期幼虫为从野外捕捉的黑须污雌蝇体内获得或从双峰驼阴门附近采集雌蝇刚排出的一期幼虫;在患病驼阴道病灶处可以捕捉到二期、三期幼虫,采用扫描电子显微镜、一体式解剖显微镜、超景深成像仪等进行观察并描述。在解剖镜下看到蝇蛆具有12段体节,分别为1段双叶伪头、3段胸节、7段腹节和肛部。扫描电子显微镜下观察到一期幼虫双叶伪头上具有很多感受器和一对口钩,口钩附在头骨架上,蝇蛆体表有很多硬刺,每一体节上刺的数量与排列方式不同。黑须污蝇二期、三期幼虫前呼吸孔呈扇形,由5个分支组成。肛部为最后一体节,呈半球型,后呼吸孔隐藏在气门腔内。     

Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review

Birds have evolved alternate physiologic strategies to contend with dehydration, starvation, malnutrition, and reproduction. Basic anatomic and functional differences between birds and mammals impact clinical chemistry values and their evaluation. Interpretation of the results of standard biochemical analyses, including BUN, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, ammonia, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, albumin, globulins, calcium, phosphorus, prealbumin (transthyretin), fibrinogen, iron, and ferritin, is reviewed and discussed in relation to these physiological differences. The use and interpretation of alternative analytes appropriate for avian species, such as uric acid, biliverdin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and galactose clearance, also are reviewed. Normal avian urine and appropriate use of urinalysis, an integral part of laboratory diagnosis in mammalian species that frequently is omitted from avian diagnostic protocols, is discussed.     

花粉和蜂蜜两者中矿物质含量相关性分析

测定了 5种花粉和其相对应的 5种蜂蜜以及过滤花粉粒后 5种蜂蜜中Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cd、Pb、Co、Ni、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P及Se 14种元素含量 ,结果表明 :花粉中矿物质含量都比同种蜂蜜中的含量高。当把蜂蜜中的花粉粒过滤后 ,蜂蜜中的矿物质含量大多数下降 10 %～ 35 %。     

Microsatellite polymorphism in Japanese mongrel dogs

The genetic variability of 182 unrelated mongrel dogs living in various areas of Japan (from Hokkaido to Okinawa) was studied by collecting their blood. Ten microsatellite loci were chosen from different autosomal chromosomes. After combining a few rare adjoining alleles to allelic classes, it was confirmed that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was attained in each locus. The polymorphic information contents (PICs) of the loci, Ren37A11, Ren48E01, AHTk253, ZuBeCa30, Ren277K09, Ren42N13, AHT130, PEZ03, PEZ12, and AHT121, were 0.58, 0.63, 0.67, 0.67, 0.68, 0.71, 0.79, 0.80, 0.80, and 0.80, and the power of discriminations (PDs) were 0.80, 0.85, 0.87, 0.88, 0.88, 0.89, 0.94, 0.94, 0.94, and 0.94, respectively. The combined mean exclusion chance (MEC) was 0.9995, indicating that these microsatellite loci are useful for kinship testing of Japanese dogs.     

常用精料干物质和脂肪在瘤胃中降解规律的研究

本试验用尼龙袋技术测定了肉牛常用精料玉米、芝麻饼、菜籽粕、豆粕、棉籽粕、油葵粕、棉籽饼、大豆和鸡杂的干物质和脂肪在瘤胃中的降解率。结果表明,４８小时的大豆干物质降解率最高,达９６．８％,其次是大豆粕、玉米和芝麻饼,分别为８９．３％,８９．０％、８８．４％,再次是菜籽粕、棉籽粕和棉籽饼,分别为７９．２％、７８．４％和７７．６％。鸡杂的干物质降解率为６６．５％,在所测定的样品中最低。４８小时的棉籽粕、菜籽粕、大豆和大豆粕的脂肪降解率最高,分别为９８．９％、９８．７％、９８．５％、９６．９％。其次是棉籽饼、芝麻饼、鸡杂、油葵饼和玉米,分别为９３．７％、８９．７％、８８．６％、８８．３％、８３．６％。尽管鸡杂是动物性饲料,但４８小时的脂肪降解率与其它植物性饲料的脂肪降解率差别并不大。